与高三学生谈谈英语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,与高三学生谈谈英语“有用”词汇的复习,旧口高中 徐树,一、从用法上归纳复习“有用”词汇，过语法关,1,宾语不同，意义不同的动词,go on doing,sth,（继续干同一件事）,go on to do,sth,（继续去干另一件事）,stop doing,sth,（停止正在干的事）,stop to do,sth,（停下来去干某事）,regret doing,sth,（后悔干了某事）,regret to do,（相当于,be sorry to do,）,forget/remember doing,sth,（忘记,/,记得已做过的事）,forget/remember to do,sth,（忘记,/,或记得要干的事）,mean doing,（意味着干,）,mean to do,（想干,）,try doing,（尝试做）,try to do,（设法做）,I still remember,to the,Famen,Temple and what I saw there.,A.to take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken,D,(2009,上海卷,)Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for,the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.,A.having held B.to hold C.Holding D.hold,C,(2007,安徽卷,)Robert is indeed a wise man.,Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _ his,advice,！,A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking,D,2,宾语和宾补形式不同的动词,某些动词如,forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider,等，其后可直接用动名词作宾语，但后面接宾补时，则要用不定式作宾补，试比较：,We forbid smoking here.,（动名词作宾语）,We forbid you to smoke here.,（不定式作宾补）,You are forbidden to smoke here.,（不定式作主补）,(2009,全国,II)They use computers to keep,the traffic _ smoothly.,A.being run B.run C.to run,D.running,（,2010,上海）,Lucy has a great sense of humor and,always keeps her colleagues,with her stories.,A.amused,B.amusing,C.to amuse D.to be amused,（,2010,上海）,Listen!Do you hear someone,for,help?,A.calling,B.call C.to call D.called,D,A,A,3,宾语不同，语态不同的动词,有少数的几个动词如,need,require,want,deserve,（值得）等，其后可接不定式（但要用被动式）,作宾语，也可接动名词（用主动形式表示被动意义）,作宾语，可与,worth,worthy,一并记忆,。,例如：,The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.,This sentence needs,.,an improvement B.improve,C.improving D.improved,C,4,后面接不定式作宾语的动词和词组,后面接不定式作宾语的动词和词组有：,decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,等。例如：,(2009,上海卷,)David threatened _ his neighbor to,the police if the damages were not paid.,to be reported B.reporting,C.to report,D.having reported,C,5,后面接动名词作宾语的动词和词组,后面接动名词作宾语的动词和词组有：,mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,cant help,keep(on),miss,be used to,excuse,be worth,imagine,put off,give up,等。例如：,I would appreciate,back this afternoon.,you to call B.you call,C.you calling D.you a calling,The squirrel was lucky that it just missed,.,catching B.to be caught,C.being caught D.to catch,C,C,6,半系动词,半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：,表示感官的系动词：,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,（这些词后只能用形容词作表语），,seem,appear,表示变化的系动词：,become,get turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run,表示依旧的系动词：,remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold,可用名词作表语的系动词：,be,become,make,fall,prove,remain,turn,（该词后的单数名词前不可用冠词，,如：,He turned teacher.,）,（,2010,福建）,In April,thousands of holidaymakers,remained,abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.,sticking B.stuck,C.to be stuck D.to have stuck,These oranges taste,.,good B.well,C.to be good D.to be well,We dont care if a hunting dog smells,but we,really dont want him to smell,.,well,well B.bad,bad,C.well,badly D.badly,bad,B,A,D,7,含“被动”意义的动词,有些动词，如,sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,let,（出租）等的主语是事物，,且又是和表示主语的固有特征、状态或行为方式,状语连用时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：,（,1,）,My pen writes smoothly.,我的笔好写。,（,2,）,Oil burns easily.,油易燃烧。,（,88,高考）,That suit,over 60 dollars.,had,costed,B.,costed,C.is cost D.cost,（,97,高考）“,Is this raincoat yours?”“No,mine,there,behind the door.”,is hanging B.has hung,C.hangs D.hung,D,A,8,具有两种形式的易混动词,中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种健忘和,两种过去时形式，在使用或考测时极易弄混。例如：,二、从搭配上复习、归纳“有用”词汇，过习 语关,1,搭配活跃的名词,常用的搭配较活跃的名词有：,time,way,moment,means,等。,如与,time,搭配的短语在中学教材中出现了如下几个：,in no time,立刻，马上,on time,按时,at no time,决不，永不,in time,及时，迟早,at a time,一次,behind the times,落伍,behind time,迟到,at one time,曾经,for a time,一度,after a time,过了片刻,at other times,其它时候，平素,at times,有时,at all time,时时刻刻，一直,（,93,高考）,If you keep on,you will succeed,.,in time B.at one time,C.On time D.at the same time,（,94,高考）,Dont all speak at once!,please.,A.Each at one time B.One by one time,C.One for each time D.One at a time,A,D,2,搭配活跃的动词,常用的搭配活跃的动词有：,look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come,等。这些动,词与介词、副词的搭配十分活跃，复习时我们要尽,量将具有相反意义的介、副词与同一动词的搭配罗,列在一起进行对比记忆，,如,turn,一词的常见搭配有：,turn on,（打开）,turn up,（放大音量等，出现）,turn off,（关上）,turn down,（放小音量等，拒绝）,turn in,（上交）,turn against,（反对）,turn out,（生产，结果是）,turn away,（避开）,（,81,高考）,Would you mind,your radio a little?,turn off B.turning off,C.to turn down,D.turning down,（,93,高考）,Readers can,quite well without knowing,the exact meaning of each word.,get over B.get in,C.get along D.get through,D,C,3,搭配活跃的介、副词,常用的搭配活跃的介、副词有：,in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with,等。在复习时，,我们要将不同动词（或其它词）与同一介、副词搭配,的词组逐一列出，下面以,on,为例：,（,1,）与动词的搭配,take on,（雇用）,get on,（上车,/,船等）,live on,（以,为生）,feed on,（以,为生）,turn on,（打开开关,/,电器等）,look on,（旁观）,spy on,（侦察，窥探）,call on,（号召，拜访）,go on,（继续）,have on,（穿戴）,depend on,（依靠）,come on,（加油）,wait on,（侍候）,operate on,（动手术,carry on,（执行）,hold on,（坚持）,insist on,（坚持）,play tricks on,（戏弄）,fix on,（注视）,impress on,（留下印象）,（,2,）与名词的搭配（注意冠词的使用）,on duty,（值班）,on business,（出差）,on fire,（燃烧）,on show,（展览）,on time,（准时）,on strike,（罢工）,on watch,（监视，观察）,on earth,（到底，究竟）,on sale,（出售）,on journey,（旅游）,on foot,（步行）,on purpose,（故意）,on the way,（在路上）,on the contrary,（相反）,on the right,（在右边）,on a visit to,（参观，拜访）,on the whole,（总而言之）,on the one hand,（一方面）,on the other hand,（另一方面）,（,3,）其它搭配情况,：,later on,（后来）,on and on,（不停地）,on ones own,（独自）,on account of,（由于，因为）,on ones side,（支持，站在某一方）,on holiday/leave,（度假，请假）,from now/then on,（从现在,/,那时起）,（,91,高考）,A new school was,in the village last year.,help up B.set up,C.sent up D.brought up,（,93,高考）,We offered him our congratulations,his,passing the college entrance exams.,at,B.on,C.for D.of,B,B,三、从同义词（组）复习归纳“有用”词汇，过辩析关,1,分清动作动词和结果动词,2,英语中有些动词（词组）虽然意义相同，但用法不同，,有的表示某个动作，而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果，,常见的这类动词有：,look for,（寻找）,find,（找到）,look,（看）,see,（看见）,listen,（听）,hear,（听到）,receive,（收到）,accept,（接收）,try,（尝试不说明是否成功）,manage,（设法侧重做到）,advise,（劝告不说明是否成功）,persuade,（劝服侧重劝说成功）,2,分清词序不同则意思不同的词组,英语中有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法不同，常见的有：,before long,（不久以后）,long before,（很久以前）,turn in,（上交，就寝）,in turn,（按秩序，排队）,hand in,（上交）,in hand,（在手边）,from far,（来自远方）,fan from,（差得远，远非）,much too,（非常修饰形容词或副词）,too much,（太多修饰名词）,if only,（要是,）,only if,（只有,）,all in,（精疲力尽）,in all,（总共）,good for,（对,有好处）,for good,（永远）,3,分清有些动词后有无介词时的不同意思,英语中不少动词后面有介词时意思有变化，同学们在平时复习,和练习时要不断地积累归纳，常见的有：,search,（搜查人、物或场所）,search for,（搜寻找人、物或场所）,leave,（离开某地）,leave for,（动身去某地）,reach,（到达、拿到）,reach for,（伸手去拿）,prepare,（准备）,prepare for,（为,作准备）,enter,（进入）,enter for,（报名参加）,run,（经营，跑）,run for,（竞选）,stand,（站，忍受）,stand for,（代表，赞同）,answer,（回答）,answer for,（对,负责）,know,（了解，知道）,know about,（知道关于,）,pay,（付钱给某人）,pay for,（付钱买某物）,4,分清有无,ly,时意思用法不同的词,一般来说，在形容词后加了,ly,的词是副词，但这些相应的词,大部分不加,ly,时也可作副词用，因而在使用或考测时同学们,混淆不清。复习时可按用法分成三类来记忆：,（,1,）表示具体（无,ly,）和抽象（有,ly,）的区别的词,wide,（宽广）,widely,（广泛地）,deep,（深）,deeply,（深深地）,high,（高，位置高）,highly,（高度地）,low,（低的）,lowly,（谦卑地）,He often works,into the night,which moves us,.,deep,deep B.deeply,deeply,C.deep,deeply D.deeply,deep,C,（,2,）有无,ly,时意思不大相同的词,near,（近，附近）,nearly,（几乎）,hard,（努力）,hardly,（几乎不）,most,（大部分）,mostly,（主要地）,like,（像,）,likely,（大概，也许）,dear,（昂贵地）,dearly,（深爱的，热切地）,close,（亲爱的，靠近地）,closely,（密切地）,late,（迟到）,lately,（最近）,dead,（死了的）,deadly,（致命的）,bad,（坏）,badly,（恶劣地）,3,）有无,ly,时意思相同，但位置不同的词,这类词在中学阶段只涉及两组,rightrightly,（正确地），,wrongwrongly,（错误地），放在过去分词前面时常,用有,ly,的词，放在句末时常用无,ly,的词如：,The question was wrongly/rightly answered,=The question was answered right/wrong.,The students are,young people between,the ages of sixteen and twenty.,most,B.mostly,C.almost D.at most,B,5,记住分写与合写时意思不同的词,这类词在拼法上一致，但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同，,常见的这类词有：,sometime,（某个时候）,some time,（一段时间）,sometimes,（有时）,some times,（几次）,faraway,（,adj.,遥远的作定语）,far away,（遥远地 是副词）,everyday,（,adj.,日常的只作定语）,every day,（每天名词短语）,anyway,（,adv.,无论怎样）,any way,（以任何方式名词短语）,anytime,（,adv.,任何时候）,any time,（任何时候名词短语）,altogether,（总共，完全）,all together,（一道，一起）,already,（已经）,all ready,（都已准备好）,nearby,（附近的形容词）,near by,（附近副词）,maybe,（也许副词作状语）,may be,（也许动词作谓语）,everyone,（每个人其后不可接,of,短语）,Every one,（每个人后面可接,of,短语）,none,（没有可指人或物，可回答用,how much,how many,提的的问题）,no one,（没有专指人，可回答用,who,提的问题）,（,2011,年高考浙江卷）,since people are fond of humor,it is,as welcome in conversation as,else,anything B.something,C.anywhere,D.somewhere,（,2011,年高考福建卷）,We have various summer camps for,your holidays.You can choose,based on your own,interests.,either B.each C.one,D.it,（,2011,年高考四川卷）,There is,in his words We,should have a try.,something B.anything,C.nothing,D.everything,C,C,A,6,记住差之一“,a”,则意思不同的词,这类词不多，但在练习中极易出错，使用时也常混淆，,因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别，如：,Its difficult for a man awake to fall asleep again.,=Its difficult for a man who is awake,to fall asleep again.,He didnt fall,till midnight last night,so he is,now feeling,.,asleep,asleep B.sleep,sleepy,C.asleep,sleepy D.sleepy,asleep,注意：有,a,的形容词常作表语，不能用来作前置定语，,作定语时则要后置，相当一个定语从句，例如：,C,四、从对比、联想中复习归纳“有用”词汇，过拼写关,1,按词汇组合特点，辩形、辩音、辩义归类记忆,1,）词尾联想：,end,tend,mend,extend,defend,attend,pretend,depend,spend,lend,bend,send,等动词均以,end,结尾，,（,2,）辨形辨音：,medal,model,modal,metal,mental,sigh,design,single,sign,match,patch,watch,hatch,snatch,scratch,cottage,carriage,marriage,package,savage,birdcage,passage,massage,language,thought,bought,brought,fought,caught,taught.,2,从英语同义词（组）进行归类记忆,（,1,）只归类不讲区别的同义词（组）：,（也许）,maybe,possibly,probably,likely,；,（行走）,go,walk,march,advance,drag,step,inch,foot,stroll,wander,cover,crawl,tiptoe,dash,make ones way,run,；,（看）,see,look,stare,glare,catch sight of,fix ones eyes on,observe,watch,notice,.,（,2,）既列举也讲区别的同义词（组）：,（穿戴）,dress,put on,pull on,be in,wear,have on,；,（除,之外）,besides,except,but,except for,but for,；,（代词）,that,which,little,few,no one,none,3,归纳易拼错的常用词,英语中有不少常用但极易拼错的词。如：,quarrel,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic,public,immediately,appreciate,等，在复习中要将这类词放在,句子中进行归纳记忆。,（,97,高考）,The artist held an,（展览）,of his works last month.,（,（,97,高考）,I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk,more,（舒服）,（,96,高考）,Several new railways are under,（建设）,in China.,（,96,高考）,The,（政府）,will build more houses for the people.,exhibition,comfortably,construction,government,虽然词汇是以无数方式组合而成，但它们,在音、形、义等方面有相似之处，我们在复习,时要有的放矢，全方位、多渠道地探索它们的,规律，根据它们的特点把语音、拼写、语法、,搭配等融为一体，缩小复习的范围，避免词汇,复习的枯燥性，从而提高复习兴趣与效果。,Thanks goodby,