现在完成时态专练.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1.,现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,(,汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词,just,，,already,before,yet,never,ever,等状语连用。例如：,I,have,never,heard,of that before.,Have,you ever,ridden,a horse?,Have,you,milked,the cow yet?Yes,I,have done,that already,.I,ve,just,lost,my math book,现在完成时的用法,现在完成时的构成,助动词,have,(,has,)+,动词的过去分词,助动词,have/has(not)+V-ed,（过去分词）,I _(finish)the composition,already,.,He _(learn)English,for three years.,We/You/They,have+P.P,.,He/She,has+P.P,.,have finished,has learned,过去分词的构成,一、规则变化,1,、,一般情况，,直接加,ed,2,、以,e,结尾，把,d,加，,3,、辅加,y,，,y,变,i,，,-,ed,加,4,、重读闭音，双写,-,ed,加,写出下列动词的过去分词,1.look _ 2.watch_,3.change_ 4.move_,5.study_ 6.carry_,7.plan_ 8.stop_,9.bring_ 10.buy_,11.teach_ 12.think_,13.become_ 14.write _,这种用法常与,already,yet,ever,never,just,before(,句末,),等连用,.,I _(do)my homework,already.,He _(not finished)his homework,yet,.,_you,ever,_(be)to Beijing?,We _,never,_(see)such an exciting match before.,Mother _,just,_(clean)the house.Please dont come in.,They _(practice)this dialogue,before,.,have done,has not finished,Have,been,have,seen,has,cleaned,have practiced,标志词：,for+,时间段,since+,时间点,over the years,so far,in the past/last,We _(learn)English for three years/since two years ago.,Mr.Green _(be)in China over the years.,They _(write)15 songs so far.,The population _(grow)more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has been,have written,has grown,have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to,1.A:Wheres Jim,Li Lei?,B:He _his school library.,2.The Greens _China for three years.,We _the Great Wall twice.Its very beautiful,.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,B,A,A,B,B,stay,A,have been(to),和,have gone(to),的区别：,have/has been(to),表示“,曾经到过某地,”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。,have/has gone(to),表示某人“,已经去了某地,”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，反正不在这里。,试比较：,He has been to Beijing.,他曾去过北京。,（人已回来，可能在这儿）,He has gone to Beijing.,他已经去北京了。,（人已走，不在这儿）。,现在完成时与一般过去时有何区别呢？请看：,现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。如,for,、,since,等引导的时间状语。（,注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词,）,一段时间的表达方法有两种,:,for:+,一段时间,for a year for two weeks for three years,过去的某一时刻,since nine since last week,一般过去时态的时间状语从句,since you came since you got home.,注意,:for,和,since,所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间,.,He has been away,since last week.,He has been away,for one week,.,对,划线部分提问都用,How long,Since,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时,，强调,过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,，与现在有关。,一般过去时,，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时,，,通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语,。,for,since,ever,never,just,already,yet,in past years,等不确定的时间状语。,一般过去时,，,常与具体的时间状语连,.,用,.yesterday,last week,，,ago,in1980,in October,just now,等具体的时间状语。,现在完成时：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来,Tom,borrowed,the books two days ago.,Tom,has kept,the books for two days.,瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“,He has left,.”,但不能说“,He has left for three years,.”,具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的,be+,名词形容词或副词介词短语等。,1.,直接转化成延续性动词,buy catch(get)a cold,borrow come/go/become,have,have a cold,keep,be,现在完成时与瞬间动词,2.,转换成,be+,名词,join the army,join the Party,go to school,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3,转换成,be+,形容词或副词,die finish begin,leave fall sleep,close open,be dead,be over,be on,be away,be asleep,be closed,be open,4.,转换成,be+,介词短语,go to school,join the army,.,我们买这本书三年了,.,We,have had,the book for three years.,他感冒三天了,.,He,has had,a cold for three days.,We,bought,the book three years ago.,He,caught,a cold three days ago.,一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句,be in school,be in the army,自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书,.,I,have kept,the book since last week.,我成为一个学生两年多了,.,I,have been,a student for over two years.,I,borrowed,the book last week.,I,became,a student two years ago.,Mr,Black,死了三年了。,Mr,Black,has been dead,for three years.,Mr,Black,died,three years ago.,小明参军半年了。,Xiao Ming,has been a soldier,for half a year.,Xiao Ming,joined,the army half a year ago.,我们上了,8,年学了。,We,have been students,for eight years.,下课,10,分钟了,The class,has been over,for ten minutes.,9.,电影开始了一小时了,The film,has been on,for an hour.,非延续的换成其相对应的延续性动词：,buy,borrow,open close,leave die,join begin,come,-have -keep,-be open -be closed,-be away -be dead,-be a member of -be on,-be here,现在完成时“三看三用”,一看时间状语,。如果句中没有表示过去确切时间的状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时。如：,I have visited the factory.,I visited the factory last year.,二看句首有无疑问词。,如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用,现在完成时,；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用,一般过去时,。如：,Have you had your breakfast?,Yes,I have.,When did you have it?,At seven thirty.,三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词,。如果表示的动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时。如：,He has been a league member for two months.,He joined the Youth League two months ago.,注意：,这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景的。否则就需要具体情况具体分析。如：,How many words have you learned by heart?,How did you learn them by heart?,Exercises,()1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before,_?,A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you,()2.I have watched the game.,When _ you _ it?,A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch,()3.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.,A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live,()4.His grandma _ for two years.,A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead,B,C,B,D,()5.Where is Han Mei now?,She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.,A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone,()6.,_ you _to the United Stated?,No,never,but I went to Canada a few years ago,A.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go,()7.You havent changed your mind,_?,A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you,()8.How long have you _ the football team of,the school?,A.played B.been at C.joined D been on,A,A,C,D,()9.Where have you _ these days?,I have _ to Kunming with my friends.,A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,gone,()10.How long have you _ this book?,A.bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent,()11.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?,Yes,I _ it last night.,A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,saw,()12.He has never ridden a horse before,_?,A.is he B.isnt he C.hasnt he D.has he,B,C,D,D,Thank you,everyone!,Good-bye!,