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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit Two,Nouns,Pronouns,simile,Looking Ahead,Approaching the Topic,Discovering Grammar,Applying Grammar,1,Further Development,5,4,3,2,Simile,6,Contents of this unit,Do you want a chocolate?,My momma always said,“,Life is like a box of chocolates,.,You never know what,youre going to get.”,Looking Ahead,simile,Do you want a chocolate?My momma always said,“,Life is like a box of chocolates,.You never know what youre going to get.”,life,chocolate,like,as,mouse,mice,singular,plural,What Do Kids Want?,Read the passage quickly and underline the nouns and pronouns.,T,hen,put them in the right categories.,Categories,Words,Countable nouns,Uncountable nouns,Pronouns,Nouns are for persons,places,things and abstract ideas.In number,nouns can be countable and uncountable.,Countable and uncountable nouns,Rules of Forming Plurals,vowels and consonants,ch,sh,x,s,consonant+y,o,f,photos,magazines,churches,fishes,boxes,glasses,babies,families,heroes,zoos,knives,proofs,+s,+,es,i+,es,+,es,;+s,v+,es,;+s,man men mouse mice,woman women foot feet,deer,deer,child children,sheep,sheep,sister-in-lawsisters-in-law,ox oxen tea-room tea-rooms,goose geese girl-student girl-students,tooth teeth woman teacherwomen teacher,a piece of,a cup of,a bar of,a block of,a bottle of,a loaf of,a cloud of,chocolate,bread,dust,paper,ice,ink,coffee,unit nouns,uncountable nouns,Describe the picture,There is/are,There is a bed and a desk in the room.Two pictures are on the wall.On the bed lie two pillows and some clothes and there is a pair of shoes under the bed.On the desk there are several loaves of bread and a bottle of milk and a dog stands under the desk.Several pieces of paper are scattered on the floor.,Additional Materials(1),尽管,不可数名词,一般用单数形式,但有以下几种情况值得注意,:,1.,物质名词在表示种类时,可用复数。如,:,fruit,水果,fruits,各种水果,;,tea,茶,teas,各种茶,;,steel,钢,steels,各种钢材。,2.,某些物质名词的单复数形式表示不同意义。如,:,sand,沙,(,子,)sands,沙滩,沙地,;,water,水,waters,水域,(,海水、湖水、河水等,);,snow,雪,snows,积雪。,3.,某些物质名词可根据上下文来判断它是可数名词还是不可数名词,其意义也不一样。如,:,A,glass,is made of,glass,.,玻璃杯,是,玻璃,做成的,.,Tom didnt get todays,papers,but some,white paper,.,汤姆没得到今天的,报纸,(,文件或试卷,),而是得到几张,白纸,。,4.,有些抽象名词也可用复数,此时该名词往往被具体化了。如,:,friendship friendships,hope hopes,difficulty difficulties,。,5.,某些抽象名词使用复数时其意义与原来产生了较大变化。如,:,time,时间,times,时代,;,work,工作,works,著作,工厂,;,spirit,精神,spirits,酒精,情绪。,6.,专有名词一般只用单数,但有时也用复数。如,:,the 1970s(20,世纪,70,年代,);,the Smiths(,史密斯一家,),。,Abstract Nouns,Failure,is the mother of,success,.,He is,a success,as a writer.,It has been,a pleasure,meeting you.,Has she gone to Paris on business or for,pleasure,?,An abstract noun is,uncountable,.But when it indicates a,specific,thing or person,it is,countable,.,Other examples,So many officials like to offer their,hopes,to the audience at the end of the meeting.,If you have some,difficulties,with your job,you can ask your partner for help.,He has a few,relations,in this city.,Although he had ended up with several,failures,he still researched it trial and error.,Genitive Nouns,Tom and Jacks books.,Toms and Jacks books.,Xiao Mings yesterdays,noun+s,boys,plural+,womens,plural+s,Charles/Charless,noun+/s,Books belong to both Tom and Jack.,Toms books and Jacks books.,Sth,.+of+sb./,sth,.+of+,sb.s,This is the picture of Tom,.,This is the picture of Toms.,Tom is in the picture.,The picture is collected by Tom.,Additional Materials(2),名词所有格的构成,主要分为四类,表示有生命的东西的名词所有格一般在名词后加,s,。如,:Bushs opinion,our teachers wife,。,特殊情况,特殊情况,1),以,-s,或,-,es,结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加。如,:the students library,the bosses cars,。,2),不以,-s,结尾的复数名词的所有格要加,s,。如,:Childrens Day;womens rights,。,3),如专有名词以,-s,结尾,它的所有格一般只加,但也有加,s,的,读作,-,iz,。如,:Burnss poems/Burns poems,。,4),复合名词的所有格的词尾,s,加在后面的名词之后。如,:the manager-in-chiefs plan,his father-,inlaws,company,。,5),如果某物为两人共有,则只有后一个名词后面加,s;,如果不是共有的,则两个名词之后都要加,s,。,如,:Helen and Janes room,海伦和珍妮的房间,(,共有,),Jacks and Kates shops,杰克的商店和凯特的商店,(,分别有商店,),。,6),在表示“某人的家或办公室”以及“某人的店铺”的名词所有格,一般省略所有格后面的名词。如,Mr.Smiths,史密斯先生的家或办公室,the tailors,裁缝店。,7),有些指时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词也可加,s,表示所有格。如,:two hours meeting,Canadas forests,。,名词所有格其他,3,类,2.,无生命东西的名词一般与,of,构成词组,表示所有关系。如,:the end of the play,the contents of the magazine,the living room of the flat,。,3.,有生命的东西的名词也可用,of,词组表示所有格。如,:the experience of Kong,Fanshen,;the books of Lu,Xun,。,4.,表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用,“of,词组,+,所有格”结构表所有关系。如,:a classmate of my sisters;a photo of my brothers(,我哥哥所有的照片中的一张,并不是有关他本人的照片,);those notebooks of the experts(,那些专家们的笔记本,),。,Pronouns,e.g.,the pronoun refers to,1)that,those,one,it,The population of Shanghai is larger than,that,of Tokyo.,TV sets made in Nanjing are better than,those,made here.,I lost my pen.I will have to buy,one,.,The parkers bought a new house,and,it,was very expensive.,Group,work,the pronoun refers to,1)some,any,Several students are in the classroom.,Some,are reading,some are talking with each other.,-Among all the books,which do you think will suit our purpose?,-I think,any,will do.,Group,work,the pronoun refers to,3)both,either,neither,all,none,a.Would you like a cup of tea or a glass of milk?,-I want,both,.,-I want,neither,.,-I think,either,will do.,b.Who can sing the song?,-,All,in this class can.,-,None,in this class can.,Group,work,tea and milk,tea and milk,tea or milk,the students,the students,the pronoun refers to,4)everyone,each,a.Boys,be quiet.,Everyone,will have a chance to speak.,b.At Bobs birthday party,each,was given a piece of cake.,Group,work,every boy,each person who attended Bobs birthday party.,the pronoun refers to,5)other,the other,another,others,the others,a.She has two children.One is a boy,the other,is a girl.,b.Look,there are three things on the table.One is a ruler,another,is a rubber and the third is a pen.,c.Some like milk chocolate,others,prefer plain chocolate.,d.I dont like these cartoon books.Have you any,others,?,e.Some students are reading,the others,are writing.,Group,work,child,things,other people,cartoon books,students,Additional Materials(3),不定代词,some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,each,every,one,all,both,either,neither,other,another,some,any,no,every+body/thing,不定代词用法,1).,不定代词的复数,both,作复数,;either,neither,作单数,e.g.,Both of us like NBA,but neither of us takes part in sports.,all,指人和,具体,事物时用作复数,指,抽象,概念或事物时用作单数。,All have been invited to the Palace party.(all,指所有人,),All he told us is a lie.(all,指他所说的一切,),2),不定代词作定语,有一些修饰可数名词,如,many,few;,另一些修饰不可数名词,如,much,little,。,some&any,既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,e.g.,Some strangers,sell me some fresh tea,but I dont like any tea.,Some young girl,is waiting for you,so is,any time,spared for her?,“某个女孩”,some&any,any,常用在,疑问句,和,否定句,中,而,some,常用在,肯定句,中。如以上两句。但在以下情况,some,也可用于疑问句中,:,A.,在表示请求和邀请时。如,:,Would you like some orange juice?,Could you lend me some dollars?,B.,预料对方可能会作肯定回答时。如,:,Are you expecting some guests this weekend?,no&none,no=not any,既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词,常作定语。,none,用作名词时,后面常常加“,of+,名词,(,或代词等,)”,作定语。,I had,no money,to afford my education,and,no children,to play with me.,None of,his miserable experience has been heard of.,None of,my families has/have received college education.,each&every,each,指每个人或事物的个别情况,意为,“,各个”。,every,也有“每个”之意,但强调整体和共同性,表“每个都”、“人人都”,常修饰,one,body,thing,等。二者作主语时,谓语都用单数,如,:,Every one of them,has,their habits.,Each of the pupils,gets,a toy.,The clerk had a quarrel with each of his colleague.,On Christmas,parents sent us each a present.,one,用作定语,有“某一”之意。如,:,One day,he came across one classmate of his childhood.,Energy can be changed from one form into another.,用作主语或宾语时,有“一个人”之意,此时,所有格是,ones,反身代词是,oneself,。如,:,One should make full use of his youth.,One ought to be strict with oneself.,代替上文出现过的名词,以避免重复。,He had told me many web sites,but I remembered only,one,.,（,one website,）,This year a great number companies are in depression,though a dozen new,ones,developed well.(,companies,),other,others,the other,the others,another,other,表示“另外的,;,其他的”,others,是,other,的复数形式,表示“别人”或“别的东西”,the other,表示“两者中另一个”,the others,表“其余几个”,another,表示“另一个”或“又一个”,Thats a good idea,but have you,any other,better solution?,Some,are swimming,some,are diving and,others,are resting.,Ive seen two world champions.,One,is Deng,Yaping,and,the other,is,Tian,Liang.,This company produces computers.Besides laptops,the others,are laptops.,Would you like to have,another,cup of coffee?,The color of the T-shirt is too black,please show me,another,.,复合不定代词,somebody,someone,something;anybody,anyone,anything;nobody,no one,nothing;everybody,everyone,everything,带,some,的词一般用于肯定句,带,any,的词一般用于否定句和疑问句。带,no,的词本身就表示否定意义。这些复合不定代词的定语都必须后置。,Is everyone,here,?Sorry,someone is in WC,maybe Tom.,Have you anything,to ask,?Lets end up with a song.I have nothing,else to say,.,They are discussing something,secret,.Shall we go out to watch?,1.,the other;,the other;,one,the other;,Other;,Some,others;,other,Applying Grammar,2.,1)yesterday,yesterdays,2)advices,advice,3)somebodys else,somebody elses,4)girls,girl,5)three-years silence,three-year silence,three-years silence,three years of silence,6)grasses,grass,7)me,myself,8)help I,help me,9)she,her,10)them,it,3.,1)A,2)C,3)B,4)B,5)D,6)C,7)A,8)C,4.Work in pairs and make up a story by using the words given in the following box.,c,ountry boat spring,flower bird road suggestion run,C,hoose the sentences that are equal to the given one.,1.Not all the novels are worth reading.,A.Some novels are worth reading.,B.All the novels are not worth reading.,C.None of the novels is worth reading.,D.Not every one of the novels is worth reading.,2.Both students arent interested in the TV play.,A.Not both students are interested in the TV play.,B.Either of the students is interested in the TV play.,C.Neither student is interested in the TV play.,D.Not every student is interested in the TV play.,高考链接,1.The environmentalists said wild goats,on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.(2004,上海,),escape B.absence C.attendance D.appearance,2.Every new,has the possibility of making or losing money.(2002,上海,),A.event B.venture C.adventure D.expectation,3.In the botanic garden we can find a(n),of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.(2001,上海,),species B.group C.amount D.variety,4.The faces of four American presidents on Mount,Rushmure,can be seen from a,of 60 miles.(2004,全国,),A.Length B.distance C.way D.space,5.American women usually identify their best friend as someone,they can talk frequently.(2004,上海,),A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom,6.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that work,pictures of them.(2003,上海,),A.many of B.masses of,C.the number of D.a large amount of,7.I have done much of the work.Could you please finish,in two days?(2004,辽宁,),A.the rest B.the other C.another D.the others,8.Both teams were in hard training.,was willing to lose the game.(2001,上海,),A.Either B.Neither C.Another D.The other,9.of the land in that district covered with trees and grass.(2000,上海,),Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are,C.Two fifths,is D.two fifths,are,10.,is reported in newspaper,talks between the two countries are making progress.(2004,北京,),A.It B.As C.That D.What,11.As a result of destroying the forests,a large,of desert covered the land.(2001,上海,),A.number,has B.quantity,has,C.number,have D.quantity,have,12.,is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.(2001,全国,),A.It B.As C.That D.What,13.As I know,there is,car in this neighborhood.(2001,上海,),no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a,14.We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for,.(2004,浙江,),none B.either C.any D.each,15.Do you like,here?,Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is so nice.(2004,全国,),A.this B.these C.that D.it,Simile,Do you want a chocolate?My momma always said,“,Life is like a box of chocolates.,You never know what youre going to get.”,The sentence contains a figure of speech called,simile,.,Step 1,simile,Life is,like,a box of chocolates,.,life,chocolates,like,as,本体,subject,喻体,reference,比喻词,simile marker,Simile,makes a,comparison,between two unlike things that have two unlike things that have at least one quality or characteristic in common.,A simile consists of,a subject,(the thing/person being described),a reference,(the thing/person to which the subject is compared),and,a simile marker,(words or phrases used to link the subject and the reference).,Simile,1),The girl,is as beautiful as(a flower,a stone,a table,the sun,).,2),A teacher,is like(a tree,a cup,a gardener,),3),Life,is like(a word,a pen,a room,a stage,.),Step 2,Study it,My love,is like,a red,red rose,That is newly sprung in June;,My love,is like,the melody,.,That is sweetly played in tune.,Step3,Appreciate it,Complete the following table according to the sentences in Task 1 above.,Step4,Which one is correct?,John was like a rooster,who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow,.,A.John resembles a rooster in appearance.,B.John can sing as a rooster does.,C.John gets up as early as a rooster.,D.John and the rooster are alike in that they are both proud.,Step5,Practice it,D,Step5,Practice it,simile,subject,reference,S,imile marker,1),2),3),4),5),6),7),X,X,X,I,Likeness,you,wit and humor in conversion,a cloud,peas,a snail,salt in food,as,as,as,like,English,Chinese,a,s different as apples and nuts,a,s light as a feather,to drink as a fish,like a drowned rat,as poor as a church mouse,as timid as a bare/rabbit,as sound as a bell,as true as steel,截然不同,轻如鸿毛,大喝；牛饮,落汤鸡,一贫如洗,胆小如鼠,极健康；极清楚,绝对忠实可靠的,English,Chinese,a,s white as flour,a,s black as a crow,to eat like a horse,as ugly as a toad,as drunk as a rat,like a peacock among sparrows,as slow as a tortoise/snail,as stupid as a pig/goose,脸色苍白；面无血色,黑如乌鸦,吃得很多,丑陋不堪,酩酊大醉；烂醉如泥,鹤立鸡群,慢吞吞；慢得像蜗牛,蠢极了,English idioms related to animals,as proud as a,as blind as a,as playful as a,as wise as a,as busy as a,as slow as a,as strong as a,as brave as a,owl,bat,peacock,ox,kitten,bee,snail,lion,Appreciate it,As,cold waters,to,a thirsty soul,so is,good news,from,a far country,.the Bible,The view from the mountaintop was beautiful.,Tall trees,towered,like pillars,to the sky,while below in the valleys,rivers,flowed,like streams,of jade.Flowers,giving off a,fragrance,like the incense of the gods,bloomed in a myriad colors,while the,singing of the birds,was,like music in heaven,.,The mother stayed back in the kitchen washing and drying,putting things away,recrossing,their traceless footsteps,like the life time journeys of bees,measuring out the dry coca for breakfast.,Knoxville,Assignment,1.Try to write down as many pronouns as you can.,2.Find more cases of similes containing animals.,3.Preview the new terms to be used in Unit 3.,Thank you!,
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