高三英语复习课件：语法填空考点解题技巧 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2010,复习备考之,-,语法填空考点解读与解题技巧,根据课程标准或考试说明所列语法项目，结合语法填空题的特点，以及近三年高考涉及的语法内容，我们归纳出语法填空的必考考点和常考考点并对其进行解读，给同学们予解题技巧的点拨。,考点,1,：冠词,考点解读,在近三年高考中有两年是考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，即表示“一个,(,次,/,本,/,座,/)”,。因此，不定冠词的基本用法无疑是复习和训练的重点。不定冠词的复习重点还有表示某类人或事物中的“任何一个”，表示不确定的“某一个，有一个”，表示“每一”等。定冠词的复习重点有：表示特指，意为“这，这些，那，那些”的用法；用于序数词或形容词的最高级前；在某些由普通名词构成的专有名词前。,解题技巧,下列情况很可能填,不定冠词：,(1)_+,可数名词,(,单数,),；,(2)_+,形容词,+,可数名词,(,单数,),。,下列情况下很可能填,定冠词,：,(1)_(+,定语,)+,名词,+of,等介词短语,(,表示特指,),；,(2)_(+,定语,)+,名词,+,定语从句,(,表示特指,),；,(3)_(+,定语,)+,名词,+,不定式短语或分词短语,(,表示特指,),。,考题例析,例,1It was mid-afternoon and I had been listening to the radio and reading,31,book.(2009,届执信中学、中山纪念中学、深圳外国语学校三校联考,),解析：,在“,_+,可数名词,(,单数,)”,结构中，可能填冠词；表示泛指的“一本”书，用不定冠词；辅音前面用,a,。,例,2When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in Korean,using some of,39,few words I had learned.(2009,届江门二模,),解析：,在“,_(+,定语,)+,名词,+,定语从句,(,表示特指,)”,结构中，应填定冠词,the,，意为“使用我学到的那几句话中的一些话”。,考点,2,：介词,考,点解读,在近三年高考中介词是必考考点，且每年均有两道题，是语法填空的一个重要考点。考查的重点是简单介词的基本用法，如,after,表示“在,之后”，,behind,表示“在,的背后”来，,as,表示“当作，作为”等；同时，也考查固搭配中的介词，如,reward,sb,for,sth,(,因,而酬谢,/,报答某人,),中的,for,，,at table(,在吃饭,),中的,at,，,on sale(,在出售,),中的,on,等。,解题技巧,当“,_(+,限定词,)+,名词”或“,_+,代词”在句中不充当主语或宾语时，该空格通常应填介词。此外，填介词时，除了考虑与其后名词的搭配外，也要考虑与前面的动词、形容词的搭配。,考题例析,例,3 Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful,，,I applied,，,fearing as I did so,，,that,33,a degree and with no experience of teaching my chances of getting the job were slim,(2009,届肇庆一模,),解析：,因“,33,a degree”,在,that,引导的宾语从句中不是作主语或宾语，故填介词；据,my chanceswere slim(,机会甚微,),可知，此处是表示“没有”学位，故填,without,。,例,4One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country.He wanted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful,31,his wealth.,（,2009,届广州一模）,解析：,因“,31,his wealth”,在句中不作主语或宾语，故填介词；又根据搭配,be thankful for(,对,感激,),可知，填,for,。,考点,3,：代词,考,点解读,代词是语法填空的一个重要考点，不但每年必考，而且每年都有两个小题。三年来主要考查了人称代词的宾,格,、形容词性物主代词、,it,的用法和不定代词。备考中，要弄清人称代词格的区别，搞懂物主代词形容词性和名词性的不同用法，掌握主要的不定代词的用法，还要注意复习反身代词和疑问代词的用法。,解题技巧,因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词,在,句子,中,作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词,(,不能作主语,),等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。,考题例析,例,5A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank.Gradually I found,37,back,giving out my speech with difficulty.(2009,届深圳二模,),解析：,句中,found,缺宾语，故填代词；由语境可知，是指作者“找回自己”，即渐渐地“恢复正常”，故填,myself,。,例,6It has been said before,but experiencing it myself has made _,31,_ want to say it again:a smile can cross all language barriers.(2009,届江门二模,),解析：,句中,has made,缺宾语，可知要填代词；又由,experiencing it myself,可知，应填,me,，大意为“我自己的经历使我想再说一遍”。,考点,4,：连接词,考,点解读,此处的连接词包括：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词,(whether,if,that),，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词；连接并列的单词、短语或句子的并列连词。,连接词是高考语,法,填空的必考内容，且每年考查两个小题。三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词,who,、引导同位语从句的,that,、引导定语从句的关系副词,where(,三年考了两年,),、表示转折的并列连词,but,。名词性从句、定语从句、和表示转折的,but,仍是复习的重点，但对状语从句连接词的考查也不容忽视。,解题技巧,(1),连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词,and,or,but,等。,(2),若两个句子,(,有两个主谓结构,),之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。,根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句,(,多要求考生填,and,but,while,when,or,等,),还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。,考题例析,例,7They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of _,32,_ would be considered a poor family.(2009,届广州一模,),解析：,因,They spent,和,_,32,_ would be considered,是两个主谓关系，即两个句子，之间没有连词、句号或分号，此空一定是填连接词；又因,would be considered,前显然缺少主语，而介词,(of),的从句是宾语从句，所以要填的词是引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语的连接代词,what,。,例,8 In Japan,for example,it is normal for the woman to send chocolates to the man,_,37,_ in Korea April 14th is known as“Black Day”(,佛山二模,),解析：,it is normal,与,April 14th is known as,是两个句子，之间没有分号、句号或连词，可见此空一定是填连接词；由语境可知，是,In Japan,和,in Korea,两地过情人节的情况对比，故填表示“即，而”的并列连词,while,。,考点,5,：动词,考点解读,在语法填空中对动词的考查，通常将动词放在括号中，要求考生用其正确形式填空。主要考查动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词，有时也要求考生根据句子结构的需要将动词转换成其他词性。,三年来，每年至少有两道题考查动词。时态只考查了一般过去时和一般现在时两种时态，语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态；非谓语动词考查了过去分词作宾补和不定式作状语。备考中，除重视已考查的内容外，还要重点关注一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态，动词,-,ing,形式等。,解题技巧,(1),如果一个句子没有谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，就是填谓语动词，这时就要根据语境考虑时态和语态。,(2),如果一个句子已有谓语动词，且不是并列谓语动词时，所给动词要用非谓语形式，这时要根据句子所缺句子成分和非谓语动词各自的用法特点，选择动词,-,ing,形式、过去分词或不定式。,(3),有时根据句子结构的需要还要考虑词类转换。,考题例析,例,9 On their return the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy,who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home,34,(reply)in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to become a farmer.(2009,届广州一模,),解析：,本句主语,the boy,后面是起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句，,reply,应为谓语动词，主语和谓语被定语从句分隔了，要注意辨别；由上下句谓语动词的时态可知，此处的,reply,应用一般过去时，故填,replied,。,例,10 Her mother was excited,“,Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _,40,_(inform).(2009,广东高考,),解析：,句中无谓语，,inform,应为谓语动词；又因,Jane,与,inform,是被动关系，即“,Jane,被告知”，所以用被动语态；由上句谓语动词,was,可知，用一般过去时；故,inform,应为一般过去时的被动语态，填,was informed,。,例,11 I sometimes order products or service online to save money and time instead of going to a store and _,35,_(buy)what Im looking for,(2009,届惠州三模,),解析：,与,going,并列作介词短语,instead of,的宾语，所以用动词,ing,形式,buying,。,例,12 But Jane knew from past experience that her _,36,_(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009,届广东高考,),解析：,在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式，故填,choice,。,考点,6,：,it,的用法,考点解读,it,的用法是语法填空的重要考点，三年,考两次,。复习,it,的用法，主要包括,it,作形式主语和形式宾语，,it,替代前文的内容。,解题技巧,(1),根据本句句意和空格前一句的内容及其两句间的逻辑关系，判断空格处是不是需要填代替前文某个内容的代词,it,。,(2),根据句式结构判断是不是填作形式主语或形式宾语的,it,。,It,is,adj.,/,n.,+to do/doing/that,find/feel/think/consider,it,+,adj.,/,n.,+to do/doing/that,考题例析,例,13Jane was walking round the department store.She remembered how difficult _,31,_ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.(2009,广东高考,),解析：,句中,remembered,后是宾语从句，宾语从句的真正主语是,to choose,，空格处应为形式主语，故填,it,。,例,14 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about_,34_,_day and night.,解析：,由语境可知，要求我们填的词是代替前文中的,(how)to help his crop grow up quickly,，替代前文的内容，用代词,it,。,例,15 I took a different view.I did not get any help from anybody.I think,40,good to have a balance of viewpoints.(2009,届湛江二模,),解析：,句中不定式短语,to have a balance of viewpoints,做真正的主语，空格处应为形式宾语，故填,it,。,考点,7,：形容词或副词的比较等级,考点解读,形容词或副词的比较等级虽不是语法填空的必考考点，但也是常考点。复习的重点是比较级和最高级的基本用法和特殊句式，,以及,在形容词或副词前填,less,least,等构成的降级比较。,解题技巧,一般说来，有表示范围的,in/of,介词短语，一般要用最高级；,than,的前面一定要用比较级，但在特定语境中，“,than+,比较对象”和在最,高,级中表示比较范围的,of/in,短语常常被省略，此时我们要注意辨别这种隐性的比较级和最高级。,考题例析,例,16 One day,he came up with an idea that he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.He did so the next day.,He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_,38_,_(high).(2008,年广东高考,),解析：,由语境可知，指比他,plucking up all of his crop a few inches,之前“长”得更高了，这是省略了,than before,的隐性的比较级，故填,higher,。,例,17 Fine snow covered the yard,dusted the top of my truck and whitened the road.But that wasnt the,32,(bad)part.All the rain from yesterday had frozen solidcoating the needles on the trees in fantastic patterns,and making the driveway very slippery.(2009,届广州二模,),解析：,根据下文可知，那不是“最糟糕的”，故填,worst,。,例,18 We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.,When it was time to leave,I said“thank you”in Korean,using some of the few words I had learned.I felt _,40,_(lonely)than I had expected that night.(2009,届江门二模,),解析：,由,than,可知，空格处的形容词要用比较级；又由上文,We were both laughing the whole time,可知，作者那晚没有原来预想的那样感到孤独，故填,less lonely,。注意，不要一见,than,就填,more lonely,，造成前后语境意义不一致的错误。,考点,8,：词类转换,考点解读,这是语法填空的必考考点，三年来每年考一个小题。分别考查了形容词转换成副词，名词转换成形容词和动词转换成名词。,解题技巧,根据该词在句中所作句子成分来确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：,(1),作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式；,(2),作主语、在及物动词或介词后,作,宾语，用名词形式；,(3),在冠词、形容词性物主代词后，或者“冠词,+,形容词”后，用名词形式；,(4),修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语，用副词形式；,(5),还有可能是词义转换题，词类不用变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加,un,im,等，在词根后加,less,等。,考题例析,例,19Some things looked as if they had not been cared for,for,a long time,but I knew their _,34,_(beautify)was still there beneath their own surface.(2009,届深圳一模,),解析：,在宾语从句中作主语，要用名词，故填,beauty,。,例,20Valentines Day is the time of the year when couples show their love for each other by sending cards,flowers and chocolates.Its origins are,31,(clear)and hidden in the river of time.Nobody knows exactly who St.Valentine was,解析：,在,be,后面作表语，应用形容词；由与之并列的,hidden,和后文,Nobody knows,可知，情人节的起源不是很清楚，故填,unclear,。,例,21The boy finished by saying,“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is _,39,_(true)rich.”With this,the boy got up and walked away,leaving his father sitting on their comfortable sofa,totally _,40,_(speech).(2009,届广州二模,),解析：,第,39,空，修饰形容词,rich,作状语，用副词，故填,truly,。第,40,空，根据上文，一个富人为了让儿子对自己财富的“感激”，带着他的儿子体验农民的生活，结果儿子想做农民，这事与愿违的结果令父亲“无语”，故填,speechless,。,考点,9,：倒装、强调、情态动词等,考点解读,倒装与强调在近三年高考中虽还没有考查，但倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词,(do,does,did),，以及情态动词、强调结构中的,it,和,that,等都是适合在纯空格题中进行考查的。此外，名词的数和所有格也可能在“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”中进行考查。,解题技巧,(1),若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词,(do,does,did,等,),。另外，需掌握构成部分倒装的条件。,(2),关于强调结构,it is/wasthat,，若短文中有,it is/was,就可能填,that,，或者有,is/was,和,that,，就可能填,it,，,确定的,方法是：去掉,it is/was,或,is/wasthat,后句子,(,或稍加调整后,),依然成立，就是,强调,句，就可以确定是填,it,或,that,。,考题例析,例,22My new neighbor,whose name I didnt even know,had got up,who knows how early to put snow chains on my truck.My throat suddenly felt tight.I wasnt used to being taken care of like that and it was at this moment,40,his unspoken concern caught me by surprise.(2009,届广州二模,),解析：,由,it was,可知，空格可能是填,that,，以构成强调结构；去掉,it was,后，句子依然成立，所以的确是强调结构，强调的是时间状语,at this moment,，故填,that,。,例,23 Whats amazing is,Pluto_,34,_ understand everything dad says.Their communication is as near to being perfect as possible.,解析：,在表语从句中，主语,Pluto,是第三人称单数，而谓语动词,understand,是动词原形，可知，此空应填强调谓语动词的,does,或情态动词,can,。此句大意为“使我惊讶的是，,Pluto,的确理解,/,能够理解父亲所说的一切”。,Bye-bye!,