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Unit 16,The United States of America,(2009,西城,5,月抽样,),随着首都市民环保意识的增强及政府各项措施的落实，北京的空气质量得以明显提高。请据此并参照图示写一篇简报。其中应包括：空气质量变化情况；变化的原因,(,如：绿化、减少污染的措施等,),和对今后的展望。,注意：,1,文章开头已给出。,2,词数不少于,60,。,Beijing started the Blue Sky Project in 1998,when the city saw only 100 days of blue skies but 141 heavily polluted days._,_,参考答案,Beijing started the Blue Sky Project in 1998,when the city saw only 100 days of blue skies but 141 heavily polluted days.With the efforts of the Beijing government and citizens over these years,the air condition of the city has gradually improved.,The number of blue skies climbed to 229 in 2004 while the heavily polluted days were greatly reduced to 17.The progress continued each year with an increase of 5,7 good days and decrease of 8,12 bad air days until the end of 2007,though there was an exception in 2006 with 24 days heavily polluted.,The changing numbers are due to the fact that people become more and more aware of the,enviroment,around them.In addition,the government has continued with its measures.Air quality monitoring traffic control and tree planting are just some of the ways to improve the conditions.,We believe that the city will see more blue skies and fewer air,polluted days in 2008 and thus ensure a,“,Green Olympics,”,.More people will be able to enjoy the blue skies in Beijing.,.,重点单词,1,_(,v,t,.),供给；供应,(,n,.),供给,(,量,),；,(,常用复数,),供应,品；生活用品,2,_(,adj,.),普遍的；分布广的,3,_(,n,.),首领；上司,(,adj,.),主要的；最高级别的,4,_(,v,i,.),坚持,5,_(,adj,.),徒劳的；徒然的,6,_(,n,.),不公平；非正义,7,_(,n,.),牺牲,(,v,t,.),牺牲；奉献；把,做祭品,8,_(,n,.),动乱；骚动；不安,9,_(,n,.),进入许可；进入；词条,答案,1,supply,2.widespread,3.chief,4.insist,5,vain,6.injustice,7.sacrifice,8.unrest,9,entry,.,词汇拓展,1,willing,_(,adj,.,反义词,),不情愿的,2,resist,_(,adj,.),抵抗的，有抵抗力的,_(,n,.),抵抗,3,reconstruction,_(,v,t,.),重建，再建,4,unemployment,_(,adj,.),失业的,_(,v,t,.),雇用,5,greedy,_(,n,.),贪婪,6,entry,_(,v,t,.),进入，进来,答案,1,unwilling,2.resistant;resistance,3,reconstruct,4.unemployed;employ,5,greed,6.enter,.,重点短语,1,in _,转而；反过来；轮流,2,_ sale,出售；减价,3,put _,出版；生产；扑灭；关掉,4,_ a result,结果,5,insist _,坚持,(,做,),6,leave _,不打扰；不理会,7,leave _,留下,8,_ a chance,碰运气；冒险,9,be _ to do,sth,.,决心做某事,10,_ vain,徒劳；白辛苦,11,a series _,一系列的,12,burn _,烧毁,13,drive _,驱逐，赶走,答案,1,turn,2.on,3.out,4.as,5.on,6.alone,7,behind,8.take,9.determined,10.in,11,of,12.down,13.off,.,重点句型,1,While early settlers had killed bison for food,now the killing became more widespread.,尽管早期的移民杀北美野牛是为了获取食物，但现在宰杀变得更为广泛了。,2,Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen from 60 million to just a few hundred.,人们认为从,1850,年到,1910,年北美野牛的数量已经从六千万头降到仅几百头。,.,重点语法,Review Nonfinite Verbs 2(,复习非限定动词,2),.,词汇聚焦,1,entry C,，,U,进入,，加入；记入,(,列入,),的条目，项目,C,大门，入口；参加竞赛的人或物,思维拓展,entry into,进入，加入,make an entry in,在,中记录,entry form,参赛表格,judge the entries in the children,s painting,为儿童绘画比赛的参赛作品做评判,On the _ of Tom,he found at the _ of the hall,many people were _ the _ examination.,A.entrance;entry,entering;entry,B.entry;entrance;entering for;entrance,C.enter;entering;entry;entry,D.entry;entry;entering into;entry,解析：,on the entry of Tom,on Tom,s entry(,汤姆一进入,),；,at the entrance,指在,“,入口处,”,；,enter for,意为,“,报名参加,”,；,the entrance examination,意为,“,入学考试,”,，指,“,就业，就职,”,时，用,entrance,。,答案：,B,2,resist,v,.,抵抗，反抗；抵挡，保持原状；忍住，顶住,n.,resistance,思维拓展,resist invasion,抵抗侵略,resist temptation,抵制诱惑,can,t/couldn,t resist doing,sth,.,禁不住干某事,resist disease,抵抗疾病,resist doing,sth,.,抵制干某事,The government are resisting the nurses,wage demands.,Lack of proper nourishment reduces their power to resist disease.,Although a teenager,Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do.,A.telling,B.being told,C.to tell D.to be told,解析：,resist,后跟动名词，不跟不定式。由题意知：,“,尽管弗瑞德才十几岁，但他也会反抗别人的颐指气使。,”,此处应该表被动含义。,答案：,B,3,former,adj.,以前的,(,早些时间,),；,(,刚提到的两人或两物中,),前者，在前的,思维拓展,one,s former wife,前妻,in former times,从前,the former.the latter.,前者,后者,指点迷津,former,和,latter,均属于无比较级的形容词，,former,的副词形式为,formerly;latter,的副词形式为,latterly,。,He made us laugh all the evening;he seemed more like his former self.,Of the two possibilities,the former seems more likely.,If offered red or white,I,d like the latter.,Of the two books,I prefer the _.,A.late B.later,C.latter D.lately,解析：,由空格前的,the,可知，此处应表示名词意义。,A,项为,adj,.,或,ad,v,.,；,B,项为,late,的比较级，为,ad,v,.,；,C,项与,the,连用可以表示,“,后者,”,；,lately,为,ad,v,.,。,答案：,C,4,leave,v,.,思维拓展,leave,sth,.for,sb,.,把某物暂时托付给某人,leave,sth,.to,sb,.,把某物留给某人,leave,sb,.,sth,.(,接双宾语,),leave.open,让,开着,leave alone,不理会，不管,leave.as it is/as they are,任其自然,leave,sb./sth,.doing,让,不停地做某事,We have done things we ought not to have done and _ undone things we ought to have done.,A.left B.leave,C.will leave D.leaving,解析：,此处所选动词是与前面,we have done,并列的谓语，即,leave.undone,的现在完成时形式。,答案：,A,5,chance,n.,机会，可能性,v,i.,碰巧,思维拓展,by chance,偶然地,get a chance,得到一个机会,take a chance,冒险、趁机,a chance,chance to do,sth,.,碰巧做某事,指点迷津,chance,与,opportunity,chance,侧重于偶然或侥幸得到的机会。,opportunity,尤其指符合人们意愿的机缘。如：,Have you got a spare stamp by any chance?,你碰巧有多余的邮票吗？,It,s a good opportunity for me to practice speaking English with them.,对于我来讲，这是一个和他们练习英语会话的好机会。,Unluckily,I never had the _ to hear him play the violin.,A.opportunity B.occasion,C.possibility D.chances,解析：,opportunity,指,“,合乎人愿的机会,”,；,occasion,指,“,适宜的时机,”,；,possibility,指,“,可能性,”,；,chance,指,“,偶然的机会,”,。,答案：,A,6,greedy,adj.,贪心的，贪婪的；渴望的，一心想要,的,思维拓展,with greedy eyes,以贪婪的目光,be greedy of gain,贪财,be greedy of,honour,贪慕名誉,be greedy for power/fame,渴望权力,/,名声,be greedy to do,sth,.,急于干某事,be greedy for/after/of,渴望干,be eager to do,sth,.,热心干,，急切干,be eager for/after/about,渴望；渴求,Don,t be so greedyleave some of the food for the rest of us.,The hungry boy looked at the cakes with greedy eyes.,They were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and,neighbours,might be.,.,短语突破,1,avoid doing,思维拓展,avoid,sth,.,避免某事,avoid doing,sth,.,避免做某事,n,.avoidance,指点迷津,英语中，非谓语动词作宾语时，通常用动名词作宾语的词,(,组,),有：,avoid,admit,delay,practise,risk,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,mind,stand,miss,imagine,suggest,devote.to,give up,insist on,look forward to,get down to,put off,stick to,be used to,be worth,feel like,等。,用动名词作宾语，和用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：,allow,advise,forbid,permit,consider,suppose,等。,To avoid the city centre,turn right here.,Nuclear is to be avoided at all costs.,He tried to avoid answering my questions.,I don,t mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.,A.you to delay making,B.your delaying making,C.your delaying to make,D.you delay to make,解析：,mind,与,delay,后均不能跟不定式作宾语，故可排除,A,、,C,、,D,。,答案：,B,2,tear.into pieces,思维拓展,tear.into pieces,把,撕成碎片,tear oneself away,依依不舍地离开,tear down,推倒,(,尤指建筑物,),；拆毁,tear up,撕毁，撕碎,tear off,扯掉,She tore his letter into little pieces.,Several trees were torn up in last night,s storm.,Our roof was torn off by the hurricane.,He had to tear himself away from the party to prepare for the coming party.,The magician _ a,5 note and then made it whole again.,A.tore down B.tore off,C.tore into D.tore up,解析：,本句含义为,“,魔术师把一张五英镑钞票撕碎，然后又使钞票恢复原样。,”,A,为,“,推倒，拆毁,”,；,B,为,“,扯掉,”,；,C,为,“,痛打,”,；,D,为,“,撕碎，撕毁,”,。,答案：,D,3,attend the sick,照料病人,思维拓展,attend the meeting,参加会议,attend the class,上课，听课,attend on/upon,照料，看护,attend to,注意，专心,指点迷津,attend,join,join in,与,take part in,attend,指参加会议、上课、上学、听报告等；,join,指加入某组织、团体，成为其中的一员；,join in,指参加某种活动；表示与某人一起做某事则用,join,sb,.in,；,take part in,指参加群众性活动、会议，往往指参加并持积极态度，起一定作用。,Please let us know if you are unable to attend the conference.,The queen had a good doctor attending on her.,Excuse me,but I have an urgent matter to attend to.,Would you like to _ us in celebrating John,s return from Africa tonight?,I,d like to,but I have to _ a meeting.,A.join;attend,B.attend;join,C.take part in;attend,D.join;join in,解析：,join us in celebrating John,s return,“,和我们一起庆贺约翰的归来,”,；,attend a meeting,“,参加会议,”,。,答案：,A,4,put out,使熄灭；发行，出版；使恼怒，使心烦意乱,思维拓展,put on,穿上，戴上；演出；增加，提高,put one,s mind to,把心思用在,上,put aside,储存；备用；把,撇开不理,put away,把,收起来,put back,拖延，延误；把,(,钟表,),拨慢,put down,镇压，控制；写下，记下；使,着陆,put forward,提出，建议,put off,推迟，使延期,put up,盖起，搭起；张贴；增加,The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ completely.,A.put away B.put out,C.turned down D.turned over,解析：,A,“,收拾，整理,”,；,B,“,扑灭,”,；,C,“,拒绝，关小,”,；,D,“,翻转,”,。野营的火只能用扑灭。,答案：,B,5,shoot.to death,击毙某人,思维拓展,beat,sb,.to death,打死某人,sentence,sb,.to death,判处某人死刑,put,sb,.to death,处死某人,shoot,sb,.to death,击毙某人,frighten,sb,.to death,吓死某人,work to death,累死,starve to death,饿死,fight to death,战斗到底,be burned to death,烧死,be frozen to death,冻死,be tired to death,极度疲劳,be sick to death,病危,Hundreds of animals were burned _ in the forest fire,only a few escaping death.,A.at death B.in death,C.by death D.to death,解析：,由题干中,only a few escaping death,可知,“,许多动物在森林大火中被烧死,”,。此处应为,burn,sb./sth,.to death,。,答案：,D,6,in,honour,of,为纪念,；出于对,的敬意,思维拓展,in,honour,of,sb./sth,.,in,sb.,s/sth.,s,honour,出于对某人,/,物的尊敬,with,honour,for,为,争光,show,honour,to,sb,.,向某人表示敬意,have,honour,很荣幸地做某事,on one,s,honour,用名誉担保,pay/give,honour,to,向,致敬,honour,sb./sth,.with,向某人,/,物致敬；给某人荣誉,指点迷津,honour,除了作为抽象名词使用，表示,“,荣誉，敬意，崇敬，气节，名誉,”,等外，还可以用作单数，此时可以与不定冠词连用。如：,He,s an,honour,to the school.,他是学校的光荣。,On their arrival,they found the people suffering the quake were _ food and water supplies.,A.in praise of B.in,honour,of,C.in face of D.in want of,解析：,考查介词短语。题意为：受地震灾害的人们缺乏食品和饮水供应。,in want of,“,缺乏,”,；,in praise of,“,表扬,”,；,in,honour,of,“,纪念,”,；,in face of,“,面临,”,。,答案：,D,.,句型归纳,1,While early settlers had killed bison for food,now the killing became more widespread.,尽管早期的移民杀北美野牛是为了获取食物，而现在宰杀变得更为广泛了。,while,在该句中作连词使用，表示,“,尽管,”,。又如：,While I understand what you say,I can,t agree with you.,尽管我明白你所说的，但我不同意你。,while,作连词，还可以表示,“,当,时候，和,同时,”,；以及,“,但是，却,”,之意。如：,They arrived while we were having dinner.,我们正吃饭时，他们来了。,Their country has plenty of oil,while ours has none.,他们国家有很多石油，而我们国家则没有。,_ I accept that he is not perfect.I do actually like the person.,A.While B.Since,C.Before D.Unless,解析：,本题题意为,“,尽管我承认他并不完美，但我真的喜欢他。,”,四个选项中只有,while,可以表示,“,尽管,”,。,答案：,A,2,The food doesn,t taste good.,食物尝起来不怎么样。,上句中的,taste,为连系动词，其后用形容词或过去分词作表语。英语中另外还有,keep,stand,smell,sound,stay,feel,look,等词作连系动词使用。,思维拓展,表感觉的系动词：,feel,sound,smell,look,表状态的系动词：,be,seem,appear,表变化的系动词：,get,grow,turn,become,go,come,fall,表保持状态的系动词：,keep,stay,remain,prove,注,(1),系动词无被动语态,(2),系动词不能用于进行时态,This kind of apple must sell _,，,for it tastes _ and smells _.,A.good;good;good,B.well;nice;well,C.well;good;nice,D.nice;well;good,解析：,sell well,为固定短语，意为,“,畅销,”,，,taste,、,smell,此处都是系动词，其后面只能用形容词作表语。,good,和,nice,都是形容词。,well,既是副词又是形容词，但作副词是,“,好,”,的意思，作形容词用时，则是,“,健康,”,的意思。,答案：,C,请同学们认真完成课后强化作业,
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