高考英语阅读基础训练 猜测词义课件 新课标 人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,阅读基础训练,猜 测 词 义 练 习,NMET阅读理解,猜测词义,词义猜测题常用提问方式有,：,The word“”refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _.,The word“”is most likely to mean _.,What do you think the expression“”stands for?,The underlined word“”means _.,一、,Definition,定义法,三、,Similarity,相似法,二、,Contrast,对比法,四、,Cause and effect,因果法,猜测词义,五、,Example,例举法,七、,Context,上下文,六、,Word Formation,构词法,It will be very hard but very,brittle,that is,it will break easily.,一、,Definition,定义法：一般通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组来确定词义,Check the answers,从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到,brittle,是“易碎的，脆的”的意思,The,herdsman,who,looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.,定语从句中,looks after sheep,就表明了,herdsman,的词义为“牧羊人”,。,二、,Contrast,对比法：,利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。,表示对比的词有,but、while、however、otherwise,等。,Most of us agreed,however,Bill,dissented.,从表示转折的词,however,可推断出,dissented,就是,disagreed,She is usually,prompt,for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A on time B late C slowly D quickly,A,根据句意及,but,可推知,后半句的意思是他今天在“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出他平时一向“准时”的结论。,三、,Similarity,相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义,Cleaning up waterways is an,enormous,task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,四、,Cause Effect,因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因,One who is,destitute,has a great need for food and clothing.,从后面“急需食物和衣服”中可以看出,destitute,是“穷困的”意思。,That museum is so,immense,that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了。,五、,Example,例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有,for instance,for example,such as,等。,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on,appliances,for instance,washing-machine,refrigerators and color televisions.,六、,Word Formation,构词法,：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）、词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头、词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测所构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有,super-(,超,)mini-,（极小的，微小的）,micro-,（极微小的）,re-,（再，反复）,mis,-,（误，恶）,im,-,（不）,un-,（不，非）,in-,（不，非）,non-,（不，非）,-able,（能,的）,-less,（不，无）,-wards(,向,),Can you guess the meanings of the following words?,superman,nonnatural,homeless rebuild microwave mispronounce nonsmoker eastwards,superman,(,超人),nonnatural,(,非自然的),homeless,(,无家可归的),rebuild,(,重建,),microwave,(,微波),informal,(,非正式的),mispronounce,(,发错音),nonsmoker,(,非烟民),eastwards,(,向东),Have you got the right answers?,Im going to buy a,microbus,.,micro+bus,微型公共汽车,1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything.Even then all I could,make out,was that someone called,Milly,had had a very bad accident.,A see clearly B understand C expect,B,从上句“他显得非常紧张，讲了一会我才懂得他讲的内容”中判断,make out,意为,understand，,故选,B。,七、,Context,上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义,Tom saw,an owl,in a tree last night,Aa bird Ban animal C.a star,2）,Tom saw,an owl,last night,Aa bird Ban animal C.a star,Tom saw,an owl,last night but it flew away when he got near,Aa bird Ban animal C.a star,A,A,B,C,A,B,3,）,The children are looking at an,ape,.,Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree,Ca kind of bird,The children are looking at an,ape,at the zoo,Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree,Ca kind of bird,The children are looking at a large,hairy(,毛的),ape,at the zoo,Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree,Ca kind of bird,A,A,B,C,A,C,Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?,-,1.There are some,glaciers,moving down the mountain valleys.A,glacier,is a river of ice.,A,雪山,B,树枝,C,冰河,D,冰,2.He is a,resolute,man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.,A weak B firm C kind D clever,3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to,rent,a room near the office where he works.,A,租用,B,借出,C,购买,D,参观,C,B,A,4.The official asked the man what his,occupation,was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.,A work B study C name D interest,5.The old woman has a,strange,habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an,eccentric,lady.,A,爱猫的,B,古怪的,C,闲不住,D,动物保护主义者,6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from,penury,to great wealth.,A,便士,B,温饱,C,非常贫困,D,虚弱,A,B,C,7.Mrs.Smith is,loquacious,while her husband is the silent type.,A,活泼的,B,好动的,C,多嘴多舌的,D,可爱的,8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the,suburbs,which was so different from that inside the city.,A town B capital C countryside D house,9.This boy is not stupid,on the contrary,no one could be more,intelligent,.,A,勤奋的,B,愚蠢的,C,聪明的,D,情报,C,C,C,Passage 1,Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to,obtain,food for their chicks,born during the November-December breeding season.,What does the underlined word“obtain”probably mean?,A eat B get C sell D buy,B,Lets do some exercises,Passage 2,A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are,disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage,and his tribe.,The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.,A honor B endanger C proud D shame,D,Passage 3,The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was,banished,.A few members of the Senate opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler,should leave the country for ever,.,The underlined word“banished”mean_.,A killed by stoning B sent away,C imprisoned D punished by whipping,B,同学们在解这类题时一定要注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然选错答案。,一、,Definition,定义法,三、,Similarity,相似法,二、,Contrast,对比法,四、,Cause and Effect,因果法,猜测词义,五、,Example,例举法,七、,Context,上下文,六、,Word Formation,构词法,Summary:,思考的人是最美丽的。,One,who thinks,is the most beautiful.,