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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,普通高中课程标准实验教科书,(,选修,),English Grammar and Rhetoric,初级英语语法与修辞,-,ed,Participles,nit 7,Lead-in,Homework,Looking Ahead,Approaching the Topic,Discovering Grammar,Applying Grammar,Further Development,Antithesis,Self-assessment,Lead-in,Ronaldo,why dont we form our own football team?,United,we shall stand;,separated,we shall fall.,-,ed,participles can be used as adverbial/attributive/object complement/predicative of a sentence,Born and brought up in the countryside,he was interested in biology.,We found all the rivers seriously polluted.,The books,written by Lu,Xun,are popular with many Chinese people.,The students are fully prepared.,Guessing Work,Which part of the following sentences contains the use of,ed,participle.,-,ed,functions as,adverbial,-,ed,functions as,object complement,-,ed,functions as,attributive,-,ed,functions as,predicative,written,prepared,polluted,Born and brought up,Looking Ahead,Learn the formation of,ed,participles of verbs.,Practice making sentences with,ed,participles performing different functions.,Learn to use contrasting words or ideas in a balanced structure to achieve force and emphasis.,What are we going to do in this unit?,Approaching the Topic,Observe the pictures below and complete the sentences below.Use the correct forms of the verbs given in the circle.,excite draw,break follow,He was _ at being admitted to Beijing University.,This is the picture _by my younger sister.,I had my leg _ while playing football yesterday.,The professor came in,_ by several students.,excited,drawn,broken,followed,What do the,ed,participles you chose just now function as?,He was,excited,at being admitted to Beijing University.,This is the picture,drawn,by my younger sister.,I had my leg,broken,while playing football yesterday.,The professor came in,followed,by several students.,(,作表语,),(,作定语,),(,做宾补,),(,作状语,),“,V-,ed,”,结构叫做,ed,participle,Read the passage on page 68 and underline all the,ed,participles.,Answers,an organized trip printed question paper unknown plant,well-known discovered plant well-kept,fallen tree polluted lost,not polluted when asked informed,Discovering Grammar,Find sentences or phrases from the passage above to exemplify the different functions of,ed,participles,and then change them into corresponding clauses if possible.,Functions,Predicative,Object complement,Attributive,Adverbial,if it was,polluted,.,She must be,lost.,the water not,polluted,at all.,better,informed,about wildlife.,an,organized,trip,printed,question papers,an,unknown,plant,a,well-known,film director,a,recently discovered,plant,a,well kept,secret,a,fallen,tree,When asked,what was,Change the following phrases which contain,ed,participles into corresponding clauses.,an,organized,trip to a forest,=a trip,which was organized,to a forest,printed,question papers,=question papers,which were printed,an,unknown,plant,=a plant,which was unknown,a,well-known,film director,=a film director,who was well-known,a,recently discovered,plant,=a plant,which had been discovered recently,a,well-kept,secret,=a secret,which was kept well,a,fallen,tree,=a tree,which had fallen(down),When asked,what was the type of the plant,she said,=,When she was asked,what was the type of the plant,she said,ed,participle used as attributives and,predicatives,What can,ing,participles be used as,What,can,ed,participles,be,used as,-,ing,participles,-ed,participles,Subject,Object,Predicative,Object complement,Attributive,Adverbial,Predicative,Attributive,Object complement,Adverbial,-ed,participles cannot be used as subject or object of a sentence,Both the,ed,participle and the,ing,participle can be used as attributive and predicative.,Tips,Try to understand the following phases,boiling water(The water is boiling),boiled water(The water is boiled),3)The story is exciting.(The story excites the boy.),4)The boy is excited.(The boy is excited by the story.),distinction between-ing participles and-ed participles,1),ing,participle expresses,an active,meaning;,-,ed,participle expresses,a passive,meaning.,2),ing,participle has a sense of,incompletion,;,-,ed,participle has a sense of,completion,.,Challenge yourself,Choose the most appropriate adjective form the box to describe each of the pictures below.,puzzled puzzling surprised surprising excited exciting bored boring,excited,exciting,puzzled puzzling surprised surprising excited exciting bored boring,bored,boring,surprised,surprising,puzzling,puzzled,Tips,-,ed,participles can be used as attributives and are interchangeable with corresponding adjective clauses.,The book,that was bought yesterday,cost me ten,yuan,.,The book,bought yesterday,cost me ten,yuan,.,Tips,If the adjective clause contains a form of the verb,be,delete the relative pronoun and the form of,be,when changing the adjective clause into participle phrases.,The boy who was called Superman is my,deskmate,.,The boy called Superman is my,deskmate,.,Tips,If the adjective clause does not contain a form of,be,delete the relative pronoun and change the predicate verb into an,ed,participle when changing the adjective clause into participle phrase.,Face Off,which was starred by Nicholas Cage,is very popular.,Face Off,starred by Nicholas Cage,is very popular.,-,ed,participles used as adverbials,-,ed,participles can also be used as adverbial,and are interchangeable with corresponding adverb clauses.,If poor people are,given no job opportunities,they cannot get rid of poverty.,Given no job opportunities,poor people cannot get rid of poverty.,Tips,A.,如果状语从句内含有,be,动词，在把状语从句变为,-,ed,分词及其短语作状语时，要去掉状语从句的连接词、主语和,be,动词；如果状语从句内不含有,be,动词，则只去掉连接词和主语，再把从句的谓语动词变成,-,ed,分词。,Because he was encouraged by his success,he made further efforts,.,=,Encouraged by his success,he made further efforts.,Tips,B.,把状语从句变成,-,ed,分词短语作状语时，可保留连接词,if,unless,though,while,when,after,before,once,until,等。,The children were noisy,until they were told to be quiet,.,The children were noisy,until told to be quiet,.,excercise,Change the,ed,participles below into adverb clauses following the example above.,1)Heated,the iron expands.,If it is heated,the iron expands.,2)Inspired by the words of the teacher,Bob worked even harder.,Because/After he was inspired by the words of the teacher,Bob worked even harder.,The,ing,participle used as attributive,单个的,-,ing,分词作定语放在名词之前,a reading lamp=a lamp that is used for reading(-,ing,表用途,),a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping(-,ing,表正在进行的动作,),-,ing,分词短语作定语放在名词的后面，可相当于或换成定语从句,There is someone knocking at the door.=There is someone who is knocking at the door.,The boy sitting under the tree is Tom.=The boy who is sitting under the tree is Tom.,补充材料一,-,ed,分词与,-,ing,分词作状语的区别,-,ing,分词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓或主动关系；,-,ed,分词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾或被动关系。,Seeing,from the hill,we,noticed a small house a mile away.,Seen,from the hill,the house,a mile away looks smaller.,we,能发出“看”这一动作，而,the house,不能，它只能被看。,补充材料二,-,ed,分词和,-,ing,分词都可以用于独立主格结构中。,1),独立主格结构在句中作状语，用逗号把它与句子的其余部分隔开。,2),如果句子的主语与分词的逻辑主语不同，则分词需保留其逻辑主语，从而形成独立主格结构。,His novel once published,he will never worry about money again.,The weather being fine,we went out for a picnic.,It being Sunday,the store were not open.,补充材料二,3),同样的句意可以用不用的结构表达。,Mother permits,and then I can go out to play.(,并列句,),Permitted by mother,I can go out to play.(-,ed,分词作状语,),If permitted by mother,I can go out to play.(-,ed,分词作状语，保留连接词,if),If mother permits,I can go out to play.(,条件状语从句,),Mother permitting,I can go out to play.(,独立主格结构,),补充材料二,-,ing,分词与,-,ed,分词都可用于,with+n.+-,ing/ed,结构中，做状语修饰整个句子，若名词后面的动词与名词之间的关系是主动关系，则动词用,-,ing,形式；若名词后面的动词与名词之间是被动关系，则动词用,-,ed,形式。,The teacher came in,with her right hand carrying a recorder,.,John lied on the grass,with a book covering the face,.,Uncle Wang left his office hurriedly,with his car keys left on the desk.,-,ed,participles used as object complement,A.,主要是使役动词和感官性动词如,see,hear,feel,find,make,get,have,等词后可以接,-,ed,分词及其短语做宾补。,We found the house deserted.,宾语,宾补,Yesterday I had my wallet stolen in the street.,宾语,宾补,B.,过去分词作补语，体现宾语与过去分词之间的被动关系。,The logical subject of,ed,participles,-,ing,分词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓或主动关系；,-,ed,分词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾或被动关系。,John came into the classroom,following the teacher.,(John followed the teacher.),John came into the classroom,followed by the teacher.,(The teacher followed John.),Applying Grammar,Exercise 1,read,read,sit sat fix fixed,enjoy enjoyed study studied run,run,stand stood die died leave left,prefer preferred teach taught admit admitted,Exercise 2,1)Most of the people who were invited to the party did not come.,2)When he was asked whether he would join us in the game,Bob didnt give us a clear answer.,3)Once it is taken,the drug has a deadly effect.,4)If I am given more time,I will learn English much better.,5)I found an old pot which was buried in the sand.,Exercise 3,1)Shocked at the waste of the money,I decided to leave the company.,2)The precious necklace stolen by the thief was never found.,3)Yesterday,the president went to visit the retired workers.,4)Separated at birth,the twins do not know each other.,5)The city defended by an army of 10,000 men was difficult to seize.,Exercise 4,1)B 2)B 3)D 4)C 5)D 6)B 7)C,Exercise 5,1)to construct to be constructed,2)point pointing,3)face facing 4)writing written,5)closing closed,Further development,Tell the difference between,being built,to be built,and,built,when they are used as attributives.,The house being built is our library.,The house to be built is our library.,The house built is our library.,即是理解,done,being done,to be done,三种形式作定语的含义区别,being built,表示“正在被修建的”,指,build,这一动作正在进行，动作未完成；,to be built,表示“将要被修建”，指,build,这一动作还未开始，体现一种将来的被动动作；,built,表示“已经修建好了”，指,build,这一被动动作已经完成。,高考链接,高考链接,1.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.(2002,北京春,),A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying,2.As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.(NMET 2001),A.separated B.spared C.lost D.missed,3.The repairs cost a lot,，,but its money well_.,（,2005,湖北）,A.to spend B.spent C.being spent D.spending 4.The disc,，,digitally _ in the studio,，,sounded fantastic at the party that night.,（,2004,上海）,A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded 5.Mr.Smith,，,_of the _ speech,，,started to read a novel.,（,2003,北京春）,A.tired,；,boring B.tiring,；,bored,C.tired,；,bored D.tiring,；,boring,6.The prize of the game show is$30,，,000 and all expenses _ vacation to China.,（,2005,北京卷）,A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid,7.Sarah,，,hurry up.Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.,（,2004,全国,）,A.get changed B.get change,C.get changing D.get to change 8.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.,（,2004,上海春）,A.seat B.seating C.seated D.to be seating,9.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.,（,2004,重庆）,A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry,10.You should understand the traffic rule by now.Youve had it _often enough.,（,2005,天津）,A.explaining B.to explain C.explain D.explained,11.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.,（,2000,全国）,A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 12.Sugar,when _ with water,dissolves quickly.(2005,上海春,),A.mixed B.mixing C.mix D.is mixed,13._with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.,（,2004,湖北）,A.Compare B.When comparing,C.Comparing D.When compared,14.When first _ to the market these products enjoyed great success.(2004,全国,),A.introducing B.introduced,C.introduce D.being introduced,Antithesis,United,we shall stand;separated,we shall fall.,What,Rnoaldo,says contains two,ed,participles used as adverbials,which form a case of antithesis,Antithesis,antithesis(,对照或对比,),是一种将结构相同或基本相同、意义完全相反的语句排列在一起，以达到加强语气效果的修辞手法。从形式上看，该修辞结构比较整齐匀称，音乐节律感较强；从内容上看，它凝练集中，概括性强。尤其在表达幽默、夸张、讽刺、嘲弄、或揭示哲理，论述思想方面，具有鲜明的特点和突出的表现力，便于记诵。因此，在名言、格言、谚语中运用广泛。,业精于勤，荒于嬉。,团结则存，分裂则亡,Study it,Crafty,men,contemn,studies,有一技之长之人鄙视学问,Simple,men,admire,them,头脑简单之人赞叹学问,And,wise,men,use,them,聪明者善于运用学问,example,上面几句是从英语作家及哲学家弗兰西斯,培根,(Francis Bacon),所著,Of Studies,中摘录下来的话，通过例子可以看出，对照是把意义想法的词、短语、句子放在对称的位置上，以突出两个事物的鲜明对比。由于其结构整齐匀称，前后两层相反的意思引人注目地互相衬托，显得更加突出。,Practice it,Exercise 1,Read following aphorisms and discuss how they works.,1)Be slow to promise and quick to perform.,允诺宜缓，履行宜速。,2)Pride hurts,modesty benefits.,满招损，谦受益。,3)To know oneself is wisdom,to forget oneself is folly.,自知之明是智慧；忘乎所以是愚蠢。,三句从快与慢、满与谦、智慧与愚蠢的矛盾对立方面来说，意思相反相成、对立统一，揭示了深刻的人生哲理。同时,4),句,promise,和,perform,运用了头韵修辞法，使该句富有节律，朗朗上口。,Self-assessment,Homework,1.Review the grammar introduced in this unit.,2.Find more cases of antithesis.,3.Preview the new terms to be used in Unit 9.,Thank You for Your Attention,
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