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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit one,Grammar and usage,Overview of tenses 1:,1.,simple present,（,一般现在时）,2.,present continuous,（,现在进行时）,3.,present perfect,（,现在完成时）,4.,present perfect continuous,（,现在完成进行时）,Present tenses are used to talk about the present time.These tenses include:,present tenses,现在时态,地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。,太阳东升西落。,The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,I.the simple present tense,一般现在时,1,表示客观事实或普通真理,.(,不受时态限制,),他每天晚饭后散步。,我们总是相互关心相互帮助。,He takes a walk after supper every day.,We always care for each other,and help each other.,2.,表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态,常和,often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,once a week,等表示频率的时间状语连用。,斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。,玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。,Mr.Smith hates fish and never eats any.,Mary speaks both English and French very well.,3.,表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。,4.,表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。,飞机上午,10,点起飞。,明天是星期三。,The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.,Tomorrow is Wednesday.,如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。,除非老板同意，否则我不能走。,We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.,I cant leave unless my boss agrees.,5.,在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,If you,will,accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.,Notes:,if,引导的条件状语从句中可以用,shall,或,will,表示意愿，但不表示时态。,-What are you doing?,-I am writing a letter.,Its raining heavily now,so we,must stay inside.,II.The present continuous tense,现在进行时,1,表示说话时正在进行的动作。,简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。,他正在一边教英语一边学中文。,Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics.,He is teaching English and learning,Chinese.,2.,表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。,I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.,我计划今年去青岛过暑假。,飞机即将飞往伦敦。,我今晚要去见王先生。,I am going to,Qingdao,for the summer holiday this year.,The plane is leaving for London soon.,3.,表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。,The girl is always talking loud in public.,她经常借钱却忘记还。,她不停地抱怨,(complain),自己的命运不好,(fate),。,那个女孩总爱当众大声喧哗。,She is often borrowing money and,forgetting to pay me back.,She is constantly complaining about her fate.,4.,与,always often,等频度副词连用表示经常,反复的行为或某种感情色彩。,A,表示心理状态、情感的动词,like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need,B,表示存在状态的动词,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on,C,表示瞬间动作的动词,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete,D,表示感官的动词,see,hear,notice,smell,sound,taste,look,Notes:,以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。,Simple present,Present continuous,Versus,1.,客观事实,2.,经常发生,3.,时刻表,规定,4.,状语从句中,1.,某一时刻,/,时段,2.,按计划要发生,3.,感情色彩,Read notes 1-2,P:8,Practice:,1.,Ma ling _in Shanghai,but she _in Beijing,at the moment,.(,live,),2.A big building_ in the centre of the city.A girl _at the gate of the store.(,stand,),lives,is living,stands,is standing,Practice:,1.,The plane,_(take)off at 10:00.,2.,I,_(leave)tomorrow.,takes,am leaving,a scheduled future action,a planned,future action,Practice:,I,always,_(,have,)a cup of coffee in the morning,but I_,always,_(,forget,)to wash the cup afterwards.,have,forgetting,am,The bus_(,come,),Here _(,come,)the bus!,The bell_(,ring,),.,There _(,go,)the bell!,comes,goes,Practice:,is coming,is ringing,Inverted sentences,He has hosted the show eight times.,贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电,剧。,我们已去过长城多次。,Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows.,We have been to the Great Wall many times.,他已经连续八次主持表演。,III.The present perfect tense,现在完成时,1,表示反复发生的经历,He has paid his income tax.,医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。,他已经交了个人所得税。,Doctors have found that people,who laugh a lot live longer!,2.,表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。,3.,表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。,My mother has been ill for three days.,我们大部分人已经学了,5,年英语了。,我妈妈已经生病,3,天。,Most of us have studied English for 5 years.,Its/It,has been 3 years since,they got married.,Its,the first time,that I,have been,to the Great Wall.,This is,the most interesting,film that I,have seen,.,4.,下列句型中常用现在完成时。,It is(has been)+,一段时间,since+,从句,This(That/It)is the first(second)time that+,完成时,This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting.+that+,完成时,If you have done the experiment,youll understand the theory better.,Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.,如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。,车停稳之前，别忙着下车。,Notes:,在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。,时间上有差异：,凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成时，如：,ago,last year,just now,the other day,等。,结果上有差异：,现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。,Notes:,注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时,Chinese have been making paper for,more than 2000 years.,中国造纸的历史已有,2000,多年了。,IV.the present perfect continuous tense,现在完成进行时,表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。,The children have been watching TV all morning.,孩子们一上午一直在看电视。,Doctors have been researching that question for many years.,多年来，医生们一直在研究这个问题。,Present perfect continuous,Present perfect,Versus,1.,反复发生,2.,发生在,过去,产生影响,3.,仍然持续,发生在,过去,持续到,现在,。动作可能,刚刚结束,也可能,持续下去,。,发生在,_,的动作,一直持续到,_,对现在产生,_,过去,现在,影响,Notes 3-4,Be careful!,John has been painting the,door.,John has painted the door.,_,时所表示的结果是直接的，而,_,所表示的则是最后的结果。,现在完成进行,现在完成时,They have been widening the road.,They have widened the road.,_,有时有延续性，,_,往往没有延续性,.,现在完成进行时,现在完成时,他们已加宽了马路，已完工。,他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。,continuation,Recently Mary has been doing her work,regularly,Recently Mary has done her work,regularly,现在完成进行时,比较生动,含有明显的感情色彩，而,现在完成时,往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，没有什么感情色彩可言。,Practice:,谁在喝我的酒？,谁喝了我的酒？,Who has been drinking my wine?,Who has drunk my wine?,I _(,认识,)him for many years.,All these years we _(,设法,)to get in touch with you.,They _(,结婚,)for twenty years.,All along we _(,考虑,)coming to see you.,have known,have been married,have been trying,have been considering,Practice:,I_ tired,but happy today.I _ my play since January,and now I _ for actors to perform in it.It _ exciting to think of them saying the words I _ for months.I have already found one enthusiastic actor who _super.,am,have been writing,am looking,is,have been imagining,is,Check the answers(P9 A):,He _ a film right now,but _ to be in a play for many years.,I _several advertisements for my play.We _them next week.Tickets _ on sale next week.Writing _ tough work,but I _ it will all be worthwhile,and I will be famous when the play _.,is making,has been planning,have designed,are printing,are going,is,hope,opens,Answers part A:,1.am 8.has been planning,2.have been writing 9.have designed,3.am looking 10.are printing,4.is 11.are going,5.have been imagining 12.is,6.is 13.hope,7.is making 14.opens,am performing,have been,practising,is coming,am,高考链接,Although he has lived with us for years,he _ us much impression.(2004,上海春）,A.hadnt left B.didnt leave,C.doesnt leave D.hasnt left,In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they _.,（,2001,上海）,A.have survive B.are to survive,C.would survive D.will survive,All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor,her nervousness_.(2003,全国,),A.has grown B.is growing,C.grew D.had grown,_ David and Vicky _ married?,For about three years.(2003,北京,),A How long were;being,B How long have;got,C How long have;been,D How long did;get,John and I _ friends for eight years.We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we _ each other a couple of times before that.,(2002,北京春,),A.had been;have seen,B.have been;have seen,C.had been;had seen,D.have been;had seen,I know a little bit about Italy as my wife and I,there several years ago,(2007,全国,),A,.,are going,B,.,had been,C,.,went D,.,have been,The flowers were so lovely that they _,in no time,(2007,全国,),A,.,sold B,.,had been sold,C,.,were sold D,.,would sell,I got caught in the rain and my suit_.(2007,北京,),A.has ruined B.had ruined,C.has been ruined,D.had been ruined,-How can I apply for an online course?,-Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do for you.(2007,全国,),see B.are seeing,C.have seen D.will see,Translate the following sentences:,火车将在上午,9,：,00,点钟开。,The train starts at nine in the morning.,那个小孩总是爱惹麻烦。,That boy is always making trouble.,我做完家庭作业就去你家。,Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.,你在逛街的时候别忘了交通规则。,When you are going around the street,dont forget the traffic rules.,用所给动词的一般现在时，现在完成时，现在进行时或现在完成进行时的形式填充。,-How long_ David and Vicky,_ _(marry)?,-For about three years.,2.Come and see me whenever it _(be)convenient to you.,3.The water will be further polluted unless some measures _ _(take).,have,been married,is,are taken,6.Because the shop_ _(close)down,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.,7.Every possible means _ _ _(try)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.,8.-Whats that terrible noise?,-The neighbors _ _(prepare)for a party.,9.The Smiths moved to settle in Canada in 2003,so they_ _ _(live)there for 3 years.,is closing,has been tried,are preparing,have been living,10.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ _(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.,11.You _ always _(watch)television.Why not do something more active?,12.The crazy fans _ _ _ (wait)patiently for two hours and they will wait till the movie star arrives.,13.Dont stop your car here.Look at the sign which _(read)“No Parking!”,are persuaded,are,watching,have been waiting,reads,1.-What would you do if it,_ tomorrow?,-We have to carry it on,since we have got everything ready.,rain B.rains,C.will rain D.is raining,2.Listen to the two girls by the window.What language_?,did they speak,were they speaking,are they speaking,have they been speaking,3.Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.,A.arent;are,B.arent;were,C.werent;are,D.werent;were,4.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.,A.workB.working,C.is workingD.are working,5.They have a good knowledge of English but little _ they know about German.,A.haveB.did,C.hadD.do,6.-What are you going to do this afternoon?,-Im going to the cinema with some friends.The film_ quite early,so we_ to the bookstore after that.,A.finished;are going,B.finished;go,C.finishes;are going,D.finishes;go,7.Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.,A.has been caused,B.had been caused,C.will be caused,D.will have been caused,8.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.,A.were deciding,B.have decided,C.decided,D.will decide,9.Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.,A.phone B.will phone,C.were phoning,D.are phoning,10.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,_ in the clothing industry.,A.is workingB.works,C.workD.worked,11.Months ago,we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.,A.was called B.is called,C.had been called,D.has been called,12.With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth _ each year.,A.is washing away,B.is being washed away,C.are washing away,D.are being washed away,13.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.,A.changeB.has changed,C.changingD.have changed,14.-Are you still busy?,-Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.,A.just finish,B.am just finishing,C.have just finished,D.am just going to finish,15.They _on the program for almost one week before I joined them,and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far.,A.had been working;are still working,B.had worked;were still working,C.have been working;have worked,D.have worked;are still working,16.Years ago we didnt know this,but recent science_ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.,A.showed B.has shown,C.will showD.is showing,How many have you got correct?,14-16 A,10-13 B,9-12 C,8-D,1.The house belongs to my aunt but she_ here any more.,A.hasnt lived,B.didnt live,C.hadnt lived,D.doesnt live,2.As you can see,the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days.,A.was keeping B.keep,C.keeps,D.were keeping,3.-_ leave at the end of this month.,-I dont think you should do that until _ another job.,A.Im going to;youd found,B.Im going to;youve found,C.Ill;youll find,D.Ill;youd find,4.-Where did you put the car keys?,-Oh,I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.,remembered;come,remembered;was coming,remember;come,remember;was coming,5.I have to go to work by taxi because my car_ at the garage.,A.will be repaired,B.is repaired,C.is being repaired,D.has been repaired,6.Customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop.,A.will give,B.have been given,C.have given,D.will be given,7.-I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.,-_ good.,A.SoundB.Sounded,C.SoundingD.Sounds,8.I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_ on it for more than an hour.,A.has been working,B.will have worked,C.will have been working,D.had worked,9.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.,A.is goingB.go,C.goesD.are going,10.Ladies and gentlemen,please fasten your seat belts.The plane _.,A.takes off B.is taking off,C.has taken offD.took off,11.Although the causes of cancer_,we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.,A.are being uncovered,B.have been uncovering,C.are uncovering,D.have uncovered,12.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.,A.have been missing,B.have got lost,C.be missing D.get lost,13.This machine_.It hasnt worked for years.,A.didnt work,B.wasnt working,C.doesnt work,D.isnt working,14.My friend,who_ on the International Olympic Committee all his life,is retiring next month.,A.servedB.is serving,C.had servedD.has served,15.Look at the timetable.Hurry up!Flight 4026_ off at 18:20.,A.takesB.took,C.will be taken,D.has taken,16.At the foot of the mountain _.,A.a village lie,B.lies a village,C.does a village,D.lying a village,17.Most of what has been said about the Smiths_ also true of the Johnsons.,A.are B.is,C.being D.to be,18.The construction of the two new railway lines_ by now.,A.has been completed,B.have been completed,C.has completed,D.have completed,19.-I dont suppose the police know who did it.,-Well,surprisingly they do.A man has been arrested and now_.,A.has been questioned,B.is being questioned,C.is questioning,D.has questioned,20.Although medical science _ control over several dangerous disease,what worries us is that some of them are returning.,A.achieved B.has achieved,C.will achieve D.had achieved,21.A poet and artist_ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.,A.is B.are,C.was D.were,22.Send my regards to your lovely wife when you_ home.,A.wrote B.will write,C.have written,D.write,Are you progressing?,20-22 A,17-19 B,14-16 C,13-D,Fill in the blanks:,We have just moved into a new house and I _ hard all morning.I _to get my new room in order.This _ easy because I _ over a thousand books.To make matters worse,the room is rather small,so I _ my books on the floor.,have been working,have been trying,has not been,own,have,temporarily,put,work;try;be;own;put,At the moment,they _every inch of floor space and I actually _ walk on them to get in or out of the room.A short while ago,my sister _me to carry one of my old bookcases up the stairs.She _ into my room and got a big surprise when she saw all those books on the floo
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