高考英语一轮复习 语法专项(十一)定语从句课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,(,十一,),定语从句,一、关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词,who,，,whom,，,whose,，,which,，,that,引导定语从句,时，可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。,who,代指,人，作主语或宾语；,whom,代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾,语；,whose,代指人,(,of whom),或物,(,of which),，作定语；,which,代指物，作主语或宾语；,that,代指人或物，作主语、宾,语或表语。,This is the detective who came from London.,The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas,Hardy.,The desk whose leg is broken is very old.,He is no longer the boy that he used to be two years,ago.,使用关系代词时应注意以下几点：,(1)“,介词关系代词”可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用,whom,或,which,，不可用,who,或,that,。,The room,in which,there is a machine is a workshop.,In the dark street,，,there wasnt a single person,to,_,whom,she could,turn for help.,(2)“whose,n,.”,引导定语从句时，可换成“,the,n,.,of,whom/which”,或“,of which,the,n,.”,。,He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.,He lives in a big house the window of which faces the sea.,He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea.,(3)which,引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时,which,相当于,and this,。,He succeeded in the competition,，,which made his parents very,happy.,The weather turned out to be very good,，,which was more than,we could expect.,【,注,】,判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中,作什么成分。,Ill never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the,farm.(,先行词,the day,作,spent,的宾语：,I spent the day with you on,the farm.),Ill never forget the day when I worked together with you on the,farm.(,先行词,the day,在从句中作状语：,I worked together with,you on the farm on that day.),He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.(,先行词,the,factory,在从句中作主语：,The factory makes color TV sets.),He works in the factory where color TV sets are made.(,先行词,the,factory,在从句中作状语：,Color TV sets are made in the factory.),二、关系副词引导的定语从句,1.,关系副词,when,，,where,，,why,在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点,或原因。关系副词,when,在从句中充当时间状语，,where,充当地点,状语，,why,充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引,导词要用关系副词。,I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Lin.,This is the place where we lived for 5 years.,I know the reason why he came late.,2.,关系副词常可换成“介词关系代词”。,when,可换成,on/in/by,which,等，,where,可换成,at/in/from which,等，,why,换成,for which,。,This is the factory,where I paid a visit,the other day.,This is the factory,to,_,which,_,I,_,paid,_,a,_,visit,the other day.,This is the factory,that/,which,_,I,_,visited,the other day.,3.that,有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句，此时,that,可以省去，,不过这是一种非正式用法。,It happened on the day(that/when)I was born.,4.way,后面的定语从句不能用,how,引导。如,way,在从句中作状语，,应用,in which,或,that,引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾,语应用,that,或,which,引导。,I dont like the way(in which/that)he talks.,The way that/which he thought of to solve the problem might be,helpful.,5.from where,为“介词关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。,Tom hid himself behind the door,，,from where he could hear the,steps of his mother clearly.,6.as,引导的定语从句,as,有“正如，就像”之意，可引导非限制性定语从句，从句可位于,主句的前面、中间或后面；但,which,引导的非限制性定语从句一,般只能放在主句之后。,As had been expected,，,the England team won the football match.,The result of the experiment was very good,，,which we hadnt,expected.,7.,非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别,非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入,and,，,but,，,so,等连接词。并列句一般由,and,，,but,，,so,等词连接，,或中间用“分号”隔开。,He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows,，,most of which,hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows,，,and,most of them,hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,He paid the boy 10 for washing the windows,；,most of them,hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,8.,定语从句与同位语从句的区别,同位语从句是位于名词,answer,，,belief,，,doubt,，,decision,，,explanation,，,fact,，,hope,，,idea,，,information,，,news,，,order,，,problem,，,promise,，,truth,等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充,说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词,that,只起引导,作用，不作句子成分，且,that,不可省略；同位语从句不可用,which,引导。而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或,宾语等。,The fact that she hasnt known the result of the examination is,clear.,The fact(that/which)she told me yesterday is very important.,过关落实,1.Some preschool children go to a day care center,，,_ they,learn simple games and songs.,A.then,B.there,C.while,D.where,解析：,where,引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。,答案：,D,2.He was educated at the local high school,，,_ he went on,to Beijing University.,A.after,which,B.after,that,C.in,which,D.in,that,解析,：,after which,引导定语从句，,which,指上面的句子,He was,educated at the local high school,，表示,“,在当地高中受教,育后上了北京大学,”,。,答案：,A,3.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity,_ sight matters more than hearing.,A.when,B.whose,C.which,D.where,解析：,先行词是,activity,，关系词在从句中作地点状语，表示,“,在这种活动中,”,，故选,where,。,答案：,D,4.Where did you get to know her?,It was on the farm _ we worked.,A.that,B.there,C.which,D.where,解析：,where,引导定语从句修饰,the farm,，在从句中作地点状语。,答案：,D,5.The book was written in 1946,，,_ the education system,has witnessed great changes.,A.when,B.during,which,C.since,then,D.since,when,解析：,1946,是先行词，,when,引导定语从句，由句意可知，关系,词前应加,since,，译为,“,自从那时,”,。,答案：,D,6.By serving others,，,a person focuses on someone other than,himself or herself,，,_ can be very,eyeopening,and,rewarding.,A.who,B.which,C.what,D.that,解析：,which,引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。,答案：,B,7.I was given three books on cooking,，,the first _ I really,enjoyed.,A.of,that,B.of,which,C.that,D.which,解析：,of which,指,of the three books on cooking,；,of,结构提,前，指物时关系代词用,which,。,答案：,B,8.The Beatles,，,_ many of you are old enough to,remember,，,came from Liverpool.,A.what,B.that,C.how,D.as,解析：,as,引导非限制性定语从句。,答案：,D,9.We saw several natives advancing towards our party,，,and one of,them came up to us,，,_ we gave some bells and glasses.,A.to,which,B.to,whom,C.with,whom,D.with,which,解析：,当介词结构,(to),提前，指人时，关系代词用,whom,。,答案：,B,10.I saw a woman running toward me in the,dark.Before,I could,recognize who she was,，,she had run back in the direction,_ she had come.,A.of,which,B.by,which,C.in,which,D.from,which,解析：,“,从哪个方向来,”,为,come from the direction,，变为定语,从句时,from,提前，用,which,引导定语从句。,答案：,D,11.It is far better for one to drink milk,，,_ one gets healthful,nutrients,，,than to drink coffee,，,_ contains no,nutrients at all.,A.what,；,what,B.where,；,as,C.from,which,；,which,D.in,which,；,what,解析：,根据句意,“,人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分,”,可,知，第一个空应填,from which,；两个从句都是非限制性定语从,句，指物时，关系代词用,which,，故选,C,项。,答案：,C,12.Last October China launched its second manned spaceship,Shenzhou,，,_ two Chinese astronauts traveled in,space for five days.,A.in,which,B.at,which,C.by,which,D.from,which,解析：,先行词为,Shenzhou,，定语从句表示,“,两名宇航员来此,飞船,”,，故用,in which,。,答案：,A,13.The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.,I,agree.They,can apply their wisdom to other net technology,_ human beings can benefit.,A.in,which,B.through,which,C.on,which,D.from,which,解析：,benefit from,，从,中获益，获得好处；,from,提前且,定语从句先行词为物时，用,which,。,答案：,D,14.Todays Sichuan has become a representative of the west,development,，,a place _ hopes and opportunities have,replaced poverty and backwardness.,A.which,B.that,C.where,D.there,解析：,where,引导定语从句，且在句中作地点状语。,答案：,C,15.Their goods are exchanged for such machinery and equipment,_ we need to buy abroad.,A.that,B.what,C.as,D.which,解析：,such.as.,意思是,“,像,这样的,”,，,as,作关系代词，,引导定语从句，,as,在定语从句中作,need,的宾语；而,such.that.,中的,that,引导结果状语从句只起引导作用，不,在句子中作成分。,答案：,C,