高考英语二轮 情态动词和虚拟语气2课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,化学,专题一 化学基本概念,专题一 化学基本概念,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,化学,专题一 化学基本概念,专题一 化学基本概念,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第九讲,情态动词和虚拟语气,1,准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。,2,准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用。,3,wish,，,as if/though,，,if only,，,would rather,从句，,It,s time,从句等句型中的虚拟语气。,4,表示,“,坚持、命令、建议、要求,”,的词语后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。,5,虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。,2012,年高考将重点考查情态动词表“推测和可能性、必要性、请求、允许、允诺”，非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。,1,(2011,全国卷,),If,you_smoke,please go outside.,A.can,B.should,C.must D.may,解析,考查情态动词的用法。句意为,“,如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。,”,must(,表示主张,),一定要，坚持要。根据后一句,please go outside,的要求，选,C,。,答案,C,2,(2011,上海,),Some young people these days,just_go,out of their homes to contact the real world.,A.mustn,t B.won,t,C.mightn,t D.shouldn,t,解析,考查情态动词的用法。句意为,“,现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。,”,mustn,t,禁止，不允许；,won,t,不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；,mightn,t,可能不；,shouldn,t,不应该。根据句意选,B,。,答案,B,3,(2011,福建,),Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?,I am afraid you_,，,in case he comes late for the meeting.,A,will B,must,C,may D,can,解析,考查情态动词的用法。句意为,“,需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？,恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。,”,must(,表示必要、命令或强制,),必须，得。根据后半句，选,B,。,答案,B,4,(2011,安徽,),What do you think of store shopping in the future?,Personally,I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.,A.will never replace,B.would never replace,C.will never be replaced,D.would never be replaced,解析,考查情态动词的用法。句意为,“,你对将来的商店购物怎么看？,我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。,”,根据,I think it will exist along with home shopping,，排除虚拟的选项,D,，这是表示将来的时间，考虑到被动语态，选,C,。,答案,C,5,(2011,四川,),The police still haven,t found the lost child,but they,re doing all they _.,A,can B,may,C,must D,should,解析,考查情态动词的用法。句意为,“,警方依然没有找到失踪的孩子，但他们现在正在做他们所能做的一切。,”,can,可以，能够；,may,可能，许可；,must,必须；,should,应该。根据句意，选,A,。,答案,A,1,can,和,could,的用法,(1),表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,How could you do such a silly thing?,你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？,(2)cannot.too/enough,表示,“,无论,也不过分,”,；,“,越,越好,”,。,You can,t be too careful while driving.,开车时越小心越好。,2,may,和,might,的用法,(1)may,和,might,表示,“,许可,”,，,“,可能性,”,，,“,祝愿,”,等意义。,在给予别人许可时，常用,can,，但有时也用,may,。不能用,might,。,May I play basketball this afternoon?,“,今天下午我可以打篮球吗？,”,No,，,you may not.,“,不，不行。”,“,may as well,动词原形,”,意为,“,最好，满可以，倒不如,”,。,You may as well do it at once.,你最好马上就做这件事。,We may as well stay where we are.,我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。,(2)may,作,“,可以,”,讲时，其否定式常用,“,mustn,t,”,表示,“,禁止,”,；,must,作,“,必须,”,讲时，其否定式是,“,needn,t,”,，表示,“,不必,”,。,May I use your car?,No,，,you mustn,t.(,委婉的拒绝可用：,Sorry,，,but I am using it now.,或,You,d better not.,等,),Must I work out the problem tonight?,No,，,you needn,t.,3,must,(1),表示禁止,(,用于否定句,),You must not speak ill of others.,你一定不要说别人的坏话。,Smoking must not be allowed in the office.,严禁在办公室吸烟。,(2),表示,“,偏执,”,，,“,固执,”,Must you make so much noise?,你非得弄出这么大声吗？,If you must smoke,，,please go out.,如果你偏要吸烟，那你就出去吧。,4,shall,的用法,(1),用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。,Shall we begin our class?,我们可以开始上课吗？,Shall the driver wait outside?,司机在外边等着可以吗？,(2),用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。,I promised he shall get a present for his birthday.,我许诺给他一件生日礼物。,You shall not get my support if you do such a thing.,假如你做那种事，我就不支持你。,5,will,和,would,的用法,作情态动词的,will,，,would,与作助动词的,will,，,would,的各种形式相同。,(1),表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。,would,用于过去的情况。,John promised his doctor he would not smoke,，,and he has never smoked ever since.,约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。,I have told him again and again to stop smoking,，,but he will not listen.,我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。,(2)will,可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有,“,总是,”,或,“,总要,”,之意。,Every morning he will have a walk along this river.,每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。,(3)would,可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比,used to,正式，但没有,“,现已无此习惯,”,的含义。,Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.,去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们讲英语故事。,1,(2011,北京,),I don,t really like James.Why did you invite him?,Don,t worry.,He_come,.He said he wasn,t certain what his plans were.,A.must not,B.need not,C.would not D.might not,解析,考查情态动词的用法。句意为,“,我真不喜欢,James,。你为何请了他？,别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。,”,题干中的,he wasn,t certain,说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定,might not,。选,D,。,答案,D,2,(2010,北京,),Good morning.I,ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.,Ah,，,good morning.,You_be,Mrs.Peters.,A,might B,must,C,would D,can,解析,此题考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密斯女士有约定，所以秘书判断一定是,。,must,在此表示推测，意为,“,一定,”,，符合语境。,答案,B,3,(2010,浙江,),“,You_have,a wrong number,，,”,she said,，,“,There,s no one of that name here.,”,A,need B,can,C,must D,would,解析,考查情态动词。从,“,There,s no one of that name here,”,可知,“,你一定弄错号码了,”,。此处表示肯定的推测，故用,must,。,答案,C,4,(2009,辽宁,),The traffic is heavy these,days.I_arrive,a bit late,，,so could you save me a place?,A,can B,must,C,need D,might,解析,can,在肯定句中意为,“,能够，有时会,”,，一般不用来表示推测；,must,意为,“,一定，必定,”,；,need,意为,“,需要,”,；,might,意为,“,可能，或许,”,，表示推测。句意：这些天交通很繁忙，我可能会来晚一点，请你帮我保留个位置好吗？故,答案,选,D,。,答案,D,表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用,“,情态动词动词原形,”,这种结构。,1,can,用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为,“,有时会,”,；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，,can,t,意为,“,不可能,”,，语气很强烈。,Mr.Bush,is on time for,everything.How,can it be that he was late for the meeting?,布什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？,The story can,t be true.,这个故事不可能是真的。,2,may,用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为,“,可能,”,；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，,may not,意为,“,可能不,”,，表示一种不太确定的语气。,may,在疑问句中不能表示推测。,Peter may come with us tonight,，,but he isn,t sure yet.,彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。,3,must,表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为,“,一定，必定,”,，表示十分肯定的语气,(,在疑问句中或否定句中要用,can),。,He must be,ill.He,looks so pale.,他准是病了，他的脸色苍白。,It,s the office,！,So you must know eating is not allowed here.,“,这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。,”,Oh,，,sorry.,“,噢，对不起。,”,4,should,用来表示推测时意为,“,应该,”,，即含有,“,按道理来说应当如此,”,的意思。,There shouldn,t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.,因为你在驾校训练了那么多，通过路考应该没什么困难。,5,表示对现在正在发生的事情进行推测要用,“,情态动词,be,现在分词,”,这种结构。这种结构在高考题中出现的次数不太多，但也提醒考生注意。,My mother must be watering the flowers in the garden now.,现在我母亲一定正在花园里浇花。,The students may be climbing the mountain at the moment.,此刻学生们有可能正在爬山。,1,(2011,全国,),They_have,arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.,A,will,B,can,C,must D,should,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。,”,will have done,将来可以完成；,can have done,可能做过,吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；,must have done,一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；,should have done,本来应该做某事，而实际没做。,but their flight was delayed,这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选,D,。,答案,D,2,(2011,江苏,),I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.,How unbelievable to get it back!I mean,someone_it,.,A.will have stolen B.might have stolen,C.should have stolen D.must have stolen,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。,失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。,”,will have done,将来可以完成，,must have done,一,定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。,should have done,本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。,might have stolen,过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选,B,。,答案,B,3,(2010,山东,),I_have,watched that movie,it,ll give me horrible dreams.,A,shouldn,t B,needn,t,C,couldn,t D,mustn,t,解析,考查情态动词。句意：我本不应该看那部电影,它会令我做噩梦。,shouldn,t have done,sth,.,本不该做某事却做了。,needn,t have done,sth,.,本不需要做某事却做了。,couldn,t have done,sth,.,不可能做过某事。,答案,A,4,(2010,天津,),Mark_have,hurried.After driving at top speed,，,he arrived half an hour early.,A,needn,t B,wouldn,t,C,mustn,t D,couldn,t,解析,本题考查情态动词。从句子语境可知，,Mark,做了本没必要做的事，应用,needn,t have done,，故选,A,项。其他几个选项都不能表达此意。,答案,A,5,(2010,上海,),Sorry,，,Professor,Smith.I,didn,t finish the assignment yesterday.,Oh,，,you_have,done it as yesterday was the deadline.,A,must B,mustn,t,C,should D,shouldn,t,解析,考查情态动词。句意：,“,对不起，史密斯教授，昨天我没有完成作业。,”“,你本应该完成的，因为昨天是最后的期限。,”,四个选项中,B,项不能与,have done,连用，故排除；,must have done,意为,“,肯定做了,”,，表推测，说明说话人对所推测的事情把握较大；,should have done,本应该做,(,实际上没做,),；,shouldn,t have done,本不应该做,(,实际上做了,),。由语境可知,C,项正确。,答案,C,表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测常用,“,情态动词,have,过去分词,”,这种结构。,1,can/could have done,表示,“,本来可以做，而实际上未做,”,或者,“,过去可能,”,，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中,can,t have done,多用于语气强烈的否定，意为,“,不可能做过,”,。,Do you know where David is,？,I couldn,t find him anywhere.,“,你知道大卫在哪里吗？我到处找不到他。,Well.He,can,t have gone far,his coat,s still here.,“,大卫的上衣还在这里，因此他肯定没走远。,”,The accident could have been avoided.,这场事故本来是可以避免的。,2,may/might have done,表示对过去行为的推测，意为,“,可能做过,”,。,might,所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外,might have done,可表示,“,本可能做而实际上未做,”,。,Sorry,，,I,m,late.I,might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.,对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。,3,must have done,表示对过去行为的推测，意为,“,一定，想必,”,，语气十分肯定。,He must have completed his work,；,otherwise,，,he wouldn,t be enjoying himself by the seaside.,他一定是已经完成工作了，否则他不会在海边玩得那么高兴了。,4,ought to/should have done,表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；,shouldn,t have done,表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。,I,m not feeling well in the,stomach.I,shouldn,t have eaten so much fried chicken just now.,我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才真不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。,5,needn,t have done,表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。,Catherine,，,I have cleaned the room for you.,“,Catherine,，我已替你打扫了房间。,”,Thanks.You,needn,t have done,it.I,could manage it myself.,“,谢谢。你本来不必做，我自己可以做的。,”,1,(2011,北京,),Where are the children?The dinner,s going to be completely ruined.,I wish,they_always,late.,A.weren,t,B.hadn,t been,C.wouldn,t be D.wouldn,t have been,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。,我但愿他们不要老是迟到。,”,wish,引出虚拟语气，题干中出现,always,，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选,A,。,答案,A,2,(2011,北京,),Maybe if,I_science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.,A.studied B.would study,C.had studied D.was studying,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。,”,then,表示过去的时间，,if,引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选,C,。,答案,C,3,(2011,天津,),I_sooner,but I didn,t know that they were waiting for me.,A.had come B.was coming,C.would come D.would have come,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。,”,but I didn,t know,表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语,should/would/could/might,have done,表达，故选,D,。,答案,D,4,(2011,福建,),Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.,I_it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.,A,attended B,had attended,C,would attend D,would have attended,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。,我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。,”,对过去的虚拟，用主语,should/would/could/might,have done,表达，故选,D,。,答案,D,5,(2011,陕西,),I_through,that bitter period without your generous help.,A.couldn,t have gone B.didn,t go,C.wouldn,t go D.hadn,t gone,解析,考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为,“,没有你的慷慨帮助，我是不可能度过那段痛苦的时期的。,”,that bitter period,表示过去的时间，对过去的虚拟语气用主语,should/would/could/might,have done,表达，故选,A,。,答案,A,虚拟语气考查的常常是习惯用法、特别的句型以及和情态动词的使用联系起来。有关虚拟语气要注意以下两大方面：,1,在非真实条件句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,非真实条件句有以下三类：,(1),与现在事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：,从句：过去式,主句：,would/should/could/might,动词原形。,(2),与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：,从句：过去完成时,主句：,would/should/could/might have,过去分词。,(3),与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，谓语动词形式如下：,从句：过去式,/should,动词原形,/were to,动词原形。,主句：,would/should/could/might,动词原形。,【专家提醒】,(1),若条件句中有,were,，,had,，,should,，可把,if,省略，而把,were,，,had,，,should,放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。,Had you taken my advice,，,you wouldn,t have failed in the examination.,如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。,(2),有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。,If you had worked hard,，,you would be very tired now.,如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。,(,从句指过去，主句指现在,),(3),有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。,Without electricity(,If there were no electricity),，,life would be quite different today.,如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。,But for your,help(If,it hadn,t been for your help),，,I couldn,t have finished it.,要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。,I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with,them.(If,I hadn,t been busy that day,，,I would have gone there with them.),我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。,2,虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用,(1),用在,suggest,，,order,，,demand,，,ask,，,command,，,propose,，,request,，,insist,等动词后面的宾语从句中。,(2),用在,wish,后面的宾语从句中。,(3),用在以,as if/as though,引起的从句中。,(4),用在以,in order that,，,so that,引起的目的状语从句中。,(5),用在以,it,is(high)time,引起的从句中。,(6),用在混合时间条件句中：主句和从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。如：,If I had learned French,，,I would be able to interpret for our French friends.,如果我以前学过法语，现在我就能给法国朋友当翻译了。,(7)would rather,句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为,“,宁愿，但愿,”,。如：,I,d rather we didn,t go to see a film this evening.,我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。,(8),无主句条件句。如：,If only I had been more careful!,我要是再仔细一点就好了！,1,“,Mike is often absent from class.,”,“,Tell him,he_answer,for it if he goes on behaving like that.,”,A.shall,B.will,C.would D.can,【,易误分析,】,几个干扰项均有可能误选。,【,名师指津,】,最佳,答案,选,A,。,shall,用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：,(1),用于疑问句中征求意见。如：,Shall I help you?,要不要我帮帮你？,Shall I open the window?,要我把窗子打开吗？,(2),用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等,(,可用于各类人称,),。如：,You shall suffer for this.,你会为此事吃苦头的。,(,表威胁,),Each competitor shall wear a number.,每个参赛者要戴一个号码。,(,表规定,),You shall hear everything as soon as you come.,你一来就可听到所有情况了。,(,表允诺,),请做以下试题,(,答案,均选,shall),：,(1),“,I promise that,she_get,a nice present on her birthday.,”,“,Will it be a great surprise to her,？,”,A.should B.must,C.would D.shall,2.,You_pay,too much attention to your reading skill,as it is so important.,A.cannot B.shouldn,t,C.mustn,t D.needn,t,【易误分析】,几个干扰项均有可能误选。,【名师指津】,最佳,答案,选,A,。,cannot.too.,是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为,“,不可能太,，无论怎样,也不算过分，越,越,”,。如：,You can,t be too careful.,你越仔细越好。,You can,t praise the book too much.,这本书值得大加赞扬。,We cannot work too much for the people.,我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。,A woman cannot have too many clothes.,女人买的衣服再多也不算多。,注：,有时也可用,can never,impossible,等与,too,连用来表示类似意思。如：,It is impossible to get there too soon.,去那儿越早越好。,3.,“,Is John coming by train,？,”,“,He should,but,he_not,.He likes driving his car.,”,A.must B.can,C.need D.may,【,易误分析,】,可能误选,B,或,C,。,【名师指津】,最佳,答案,为,D,。,may,表推测，,may not,意为,“,可能不,(,会坐火车来,),”,。句中的,He should,为,He should come by train,之省略，由于其后出现转折连词,but,，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的,He likes driving his car,，便可决定此题选,D,。注意，不能选,B,，因为,can,表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。,4.,“,I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.,”,“,It_ true because there was little snow there.,”,A.may not be B.won,t be,C.couldn,t be D.mustn,t be,【易误分析】,几个干扰项均有可能误选。,【名师指津】,此题最佳,答案,为,C,，主要由下文的,because there was little snow there,这一语境所决定，既然,“,没下什么雪,”,，那么,“,滑雪,”,就应是,“,不可能,”,，所以选,couldn,t be,，即选,C,。,5.,You_be,right,but I don,t think you are.,A.can B.could,C.must D.should,【易误分析】,几个干扰项均有可能误选。,【,名师指津,】,从语境上看，,C,、,D,不宜选，在剩下的,A,和,B,中，许多同学想当然地选了,A,，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选,can,，而不选过去式,could,，但是最佳,答案,却是,B,而不是,A,。按照英语语法，情态动词,can,用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但,could,用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的,could,并不是,can,的过去式，与,can,也没有时间上的差别，只是,could,比,can,语气更委婉，所以,答案,选,B,。,注,：,can,在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：,Anyone can make mistakes.,任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接,“,be(get,seem,become),形容词,”,，表示,“,有时会,”,、,“,时常会,”,等。如：,My father can be very unreasonable.,我父亲有时候很不讲道理。,6.I forget where I read the article,or,I_it,to you now.,A.will show B.would show,C.am going to show D.am showing,【,易误分析,】,几个干扰项均有可能误选。,【,名师指津,】,正确,答案,选,B,。根据上文的语境可知句中的,or,隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即,or,if I didn,t forget where I read the article(,要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话,但事实上忘了,),。,7.,“,It looks as if he were drunk.,”,“,So it does._.,”,A.He,d better give up drinking,B.He shouldn,t have drunk so much,C.Health is more important than drink,D.I wonder why he is always doing so,【,易误分析,】,几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中,drunk,一词的影响。,【,名师指津,】,最佳,答案,为,D,。关键信息是,It looks as if he were drunk,中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，,“,他喝醉了,”,不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳,答案,是,D,。,8.,“,Mary looks hot and dry,”,“,So _you if you had so high a fever.,”,A.do B.are,C.will D.would,【,易误分析,】,容易误选,A,或,C,。选,A,者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选,C,者，认为其后带有,if,条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。,【,名师指津,】,此题最佳,答案,为,D,。分析如下：,(1),“,so,助动词主语,”,是一个很有用的结构，它表示,“,也一样,”,时。如：,He likes to watch TV,and so do I.,他喜欢看电视，我也一样。,When animals and plants disappear,so will man.,当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。,(2),由于空格后的,if,条件状语从句