四六级考试应试技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四六级考试应试技巧,翻译篇,翻译题简介,在四级新题型考试中，翻译题所占分值为,10%,。由,5,个句子组成，要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。它考查的内容主要包括两部分，一是意群的表达，二是句法。,解题技巧,1,）首先，确定关键词（一般由两个词或词组组成），寻找可能的英文相应表达；,2,）然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式（,connectives,）将两个英文词或词组连接起来；,3,）最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,翻译题型三大考点,1.,固定搭配,2.,核心语法,3.,核心动词以及动词短语的考查,1.,固定搭配考点,这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起考生的高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这次都可能成为考试的命题重点。,1)Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _ _(,适应不同文化中的生活,).(CET-4,2006.12.),解题步骤,由,it is not easy to,可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。“适应不同文化的生活”，其核心谓语动词是“适应”，即,adapt,，由此联想到其常用搭配,adapt to,adapt oneself to,；“生活”，,life,；“不同文化”，,different cultures,。,重新整合,adapt oneself to life in different cultures,正确答案,adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures,考查知识点,固定搭配,adapt oneself to,sth,/doing,sth,“,使,适应,”,。,2)Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble _(,找到去历史博物馆的路,).,（,CET-4,2006.6.,）,解题步骤,通过,he had no trouble,可以借固定搭配推出划线处应该填写,in doing,sth,；“找到去历史博物馆的路”，核心谓语动词是“找到”，即,find,；“路”，,road/way,；“历史博物馆”，,the History Museum,。,重新整合,in finding the road/way to the History Museum,正确答案,in finding the/his way to the History Museum,考查知识点,固定搭配,have(no)trouble in doing,sth,“,做某事有,(,无,),困难”。,3)The more you explain,_(,我愈糊涂,).,CET-4,2006.6.,）,解题步骤,由,The more you explain,可以推出划线处应该填写固定结构,the more.,the more.,。核心词汇：“糊涂”，,be confused(,注意比较级,),。,重新整合,the more confused I am,正确答案,the more confused I am,考查知识点,固定搭配,the+,比较级,the+,比较级，“越,越,”,。,2.,核心语法考点,这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。,例,1,：,The professor required that _(,我们交研究报告,)by Wednesday.,【,考点剖析,】,本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。,Require,后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为,require that+,sb+should,+,动词原形。,例,2,：,Not only _(,他向我收费过高,),but he didnt do a good repair job either(,大纲样题,),【,考点剖析,】,本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的,Not only,决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在,he,之前加,did,。所以答案应该为,did he overcharge me,。,核心动词以及动词短语的考查,例,1,：,Though a skilled worker,_(,他被公司解雇了,)last week because of the economic crisis.,考点剖析,】,本题的重要考点就是考生对“解雇”这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有,dismiss,discharge,fire,等。,五条冲刺备考建议,1.,在进行翻译练习时，尽量力求翻译答案多样化，以便扩展思维，开阔思路，掌握重点核心表达。,例：,(,为了挣钱供我上学,)_,mother often takes on more work than is good for her,【,考点剖析,】,对于“为了挣钱供我上学“的表达，我们可以说,To earn money for my education;To earn money for my schooling;In order to make money to finance my education;In order to make money to fund my education;In order to earn money to afford my education,等。表达多样化，发散性思维，对地道英文表达的积累很有帮助，直接与四级考试中翻译与写作题型相关。,2.,绝对不能忽视以前词汇语法的单项选择题，尽量在以前的词汇题中挖掘新四级翻译考点,例：,The author was required to submit an abstract of about 200 words together with his research paper.,上面这道题是,2004,年,1,月份四级考试的一道词汇单选题，同学们不难发现，句中的,submit(,提交,),这个考点词在,2006,年,6,月的新四级的翻译题中再次出现，这足以说明以前的词汇语法题目的考点与新题型中的翻译题考点具有延续性与继承性。这种考点延续的例子很多，由于篇幅所限，就不一一列举，以下举几个典型例子，以前词汇题考点，在未来的翻译中很可能考到的，抛砖引玉，希望引起考生重视。,例,1,：,He gave a pledge to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.,【,考点探究,】,本题为,2003,年,6,月四级考试的词汇单选题，,handle the affairs in a friendly manner(,以友好的方式处理事务,),是一个核心表达，很有可能在翻译中考查。因为在这句话中，出现了考点叠加的现象：第一，,give a pledge to do,sth,(,承诺做某事,),；第二，,handle(,处理,),这个核心动词的用法；第三，,in manner(,以,方式,),这个重要短语；考生一定要清楚，在复习词汇单选题的时候，出现考点叠加的地方一定要高度重视，容易命题。,例,2,：,You will not be particular about your food in time of great hunger,【,考点探究,】be particular about your food(,对食物挑剔,),这个核心短语很可能成为翻译考点。除了这个表达外，还可以用,be selective about your food,进行替换，这就反映了表达的多样性。,3.,多背搭配，同时利用经典搭配多造句子，完善语法结构。同时可以提高自己的写作水平，一举两得。,4.,强化重点语法知识。如倒装结构、虚拟语气、比较结构、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等。,5.,深度分析已考翻译试题，全面掌握挖掘潜在考点，学会举一反三。,解题方法,第一步,：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态,所谓形式包括：,1,词组固定搭配（不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等）,2.,虚拟,3.,被动,所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。,第二步,：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。,第三步,：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。,真题详解：,2006.12,1.Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to _(,适应不同文化中的生活,).06.12,解题步骤,:,第一步：由,it is not easy to,可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形。,第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”,核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语。,第三步：,1.,切块对应翻译：“适应”,=adapt;adapt to;adapt oneself to,；“生活”,=life,；“不同文化的”,=different cultures,2.,重新组合：,adapt oneself to the life in different cultures,正确答案,：,adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures,翻 译,：跨文化研究专家说，适应不同文化的生活不是一件容易的事情。,考察知识点,：,词组固定搭配,adapt oneself to,sth,/doing,sth,“,适应,-,2.Since my childhood I have found that_(,没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力,).,解题步骤,:,第一步：由,Since my childhood I have found that,可以推出，划线处应该填写一个句子，时态需要根据后面的汉语意思作进一步的确定。,第二步：划分成分“没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力”,核心谓语动词是“比,-,更有吸引力”，“没有什么”作主语，“读书”作宾语，“对我”作状语。,第三步：,1.,切块对应翻译：“比,-,更有吸引力”,=be more attractive to,sb,，“没有什么”,=nothing,，“读书”,=reading,，“对我”,=for/to me,。,2.,重新组合：,nothing is more attractive to me than reading,正确答案,：,nothing is more attractive to me than reading,翻 译,：从儿时起我就发现，没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力。,考察知识点,：,比较级,nothing+,比较级,=,最高级；时态：因为从句叙述的是现在的事情，所以用一般现在是即可。,3.The victim _(,本来会有机会活下来,)if he had been taken to hospital in time.,解题步骤,:,第一步：由,The victim_ if he had been taken to hospital in time.,可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的,if he had been taken to hospital in time,确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟。,第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”核心谓语动词是“本来有机会,-”,，“活下来”作宾语。,第三步：,1.,切块对应翻译：“本来有机会,-”=would have a chance to do,sth,，“活下来”,=survive,2.,重新组合：,would have a chance to survive.,正确答案,：,would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival,翻 译,：如果遇难者被及时送往医院的话，他本来会有机会活下来的。,考察知识点,：,虚拟语气,与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句用,had done,，主句用,would have done,有机会做某事：,have/stand a chance to do,sth,/of,sth,-,考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：,第一种：由“,if”,引导的虚拟句子,1.,与现在的事实相反：,If-+were/did-,-+would do-,If I were you,I would marry him.,如果我是你,就会嫁给他。,2.,与过去的事实相反：,If-+had done-,-+would have done-,If you had worked hard,you would have passed the exam.,如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。,3.,与将来的事实可能相反：,If-+should do-,-+would do-,If it should rain tomorrow,what would you do?,如果明天下雨,你怎么办,?,第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中,从句谓语形式为：“,-(should)+do,sth,”(,在美语中,should,常省去,),。,类似用法的动词有：,insist(,坚持,),suggest(,建议,),order(,命令,),propose(,建议,),demand(,要求,),command(,命令,),advise(,建议,),desire(,要求、请求,),request(,请求,),require(,需要、要求,),ask(,要求,),prefer(,宁愿,),recommend(,推荐,),arrange(,安排,),advocate(,拥护、提倡,),maintain(,坚决主张,),等后面的宾语从句中。,第三种：用在“,It+be+important(,necessary,natural,essential,strange,absurd,amazing,annoying,desirable,surprising,vital,advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,imperative,eager,fitting,possible,impossible,improper,obligatory,probable,preferable,strange,urgent,等,以及,insisted,suggested,ordered,requested,arranged,recommended,等,)+that-”,结构中的,that,引导的主语从句中,第四种：用在,It is time that-,结构中,表示“该干某事了”,含建议的意思,用动词过去式。,It is time(that)we went to bed.,咱们该睡觉了。,注意,:time,前可加,about(,表示“大约”,),或,high(,表示“强调”,),等。,从句谓语动词要用过去式或用,should,加动词原形，但,should,不可省略。,It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children should go to bed.,4.Some psychologists claim that people _(,出门在外时可能会感到孤独,).,解题步骤,:,第一步：由,Some psychologists claim that people_.,可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句时态用一般现在时。,第二步：划分成分“出门在外时可能会感到孤独”,核心谓语动词是“可能会感到”，“孤独”作宾语，“出门在外时”作状语。,第三步：,1.,切块对应翻译：“可能会感到”,=may feel,，“孤独”,=lonely,，“出门在外时”,be away from home.,2.,重新组合：,may feel lonely when they are away from home.,正确答案,：,may feel lonely when they are away from home.,翻 译,：一些心理学家认为人们出门在外时可能会感到孤独。,考察知识点,：,词性辨析,lonely.adj.,孤独的、寂寞的；,alone.adj.,独自的,难 点,：“出门在外”的翻译。,When they are not in their hometown,5.The nations population continues to rise_(,以每年,1200,万人的速度,).,解题步骤,:,第一步：由,The nations population continues to rise _.,可以推出，划线处应该填写状语或补语。,第二步：划分成分“以每年,1200,万人的速度”,词组固定搭配“以,-,的速度”，“每年”作状语，“,1200,万人”作定语。,第三步：,1.,切块对应翻译：“以,-,的速度”,=at a speed of-,，“每年”,=per year,，“,1200,万人”,12 million.,2.,重新组合：,at a speed of 12 million per year.,正确答案,：,at a speed of 12 million per year,翻 译,：这个国家的人口继续以每年,1200,万人的速度增长,考察知识点,：,词组固定搭配,at a speed of.“,以,的速度”；注意：,million,不加,s,下面，我们以四级新题型样题中的翻译题为例，说明翻译题型的解题步骤与方法,。,87.The substance does not dissolve in water _(,不管是否加热,).,关键词,加热,heat,；不管是否,(no matter)whether or not,连 接,heat,与其逻辑主语,substance,之间需采用被动连接，即,heat,加,ed,。,优 化,whether(it is)heated or not.,注意，,it is,可省略。,点 评,如果,heated or not,放在句首，,whether,也可以省略。,88.Not only _(,他向我收费过高,),but he didnt do a good repair job either.,关键词,收费过高,overcharge,charge too much/high,连 接,句首的,Not only,决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在,he,之前加,did,。,优 化,(Not only)did he charge me too much/high,/did he overcharge me,。,点 评,如果未能想出用,overcharge/charge too much,表示“收费过高”，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用,ask for too much,来表达，答案可以是,did he ask me for too much,。,89.Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(,与我的相比,).,关键词,相比,compare(with),in comparison with,；我的,mine,my losses,连 接,compare,与其逻辑主语,Your losses,之间需采用被动连接。,优 化,in comparison with mine,或,compared with mine,。,点 评,此处最好用介词词组，如果用,compared with mine,，则放在句首更合适。,90.On average,it is said,visitors spend only _(,一半的钱,)in a day in Leeds as in London.,关键词,一半,half,；钱,money,连 接,注意后文的,as,，此处需用一比较连接词,as,，并在,as,后需增添一形容词或副词。,优 化,half as much money,。,点 评,这里因为前文有,spend,，这里可以省略,money,；此处如果先把“一半”的意思撇开，更易“化解”原文，即先译出“一天里在利兹和在伦敦花同样多的钱”，,spend as much(money)in a day in Leeds as in London,，然后将“,(,只有,),一半”加进去，这样来看,(only)half,只能放在,as much,前。,91.By contrast,American mothers were more likely _(,把孩子的成功归因于,)natural talent.,关键词,孩子的成功,childrens success/success of the children,；把,归因于,attribute to/owe to,连 接,上文的,were more likely,后需接,to,。,优 化,to attribute their childrens success/success of their children to,。,点 评,“,把,归因于”也可以化解为“相信,的原因是,”,，即,believe that their childrens success is due to/the main factor for their childrens success is,。,10,年,6,月真题,1._(,他们的独生儿子从未想过）,to leave them and strike out on his own though he is late twenties.,Their only son has never thought,2.Before you take nay action,please remember to_(,权衡你的决定会产生的后果）,.,weigh your decision against its possible,consequences,.,3.He assured his friend that under no circumstances_(,他会违背还钱的诺言）,would he break his promise,to pay back the money,never,little,seldom,not,not until,in no way,in no time,by no means,under no circumstance,等放在句首时，句子要部分倒装。,4.Most educators advise that kids_(,不要沉溺于电脑游戏）,.,should not be addicted to computer games,5.Business major as he is,he has _(,从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）,never considered working as a salesman,CET-6 Translation(2008,年,6,月,),1.We can say a lot of things about those_ _(,毕生致力于诗歌的人,):they are passionate,impulsive,and unique.,devoted/dedicated their lives/themselves to poetry,Writing and Translation,who have,2.Mary couldnt have received my letter_ _,(,否则她上周就该回信了,).,3.Nancy is supposed to_ _(,做完化学实验,)at least two weeks ago.,she should/would have written back last week.,experiment(s,),Writing and Translation,have finished the chemical,or/otherwise,4.Never once _,_(,老两口互相争吵,)since they were married 40 years ago.,5._,_(,一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于,)the quality of education of its people.,have the old couple quarreled with each other,The future prosperity of a nation depends/rests,largely/mainly on/upon,Writing and Translation,4.Never once _,_(,老两口互相争吵,)since they were married 40 years ago.,5._,_(,一个国家未来的繁荣在很大程度上有赖于,)the quality of education of its people.,have the old couple quarreled with each other,The future prosperity of a nation depends/rests,largely/mainly on/upon,Writing and Translation,