名词从句(最完整,精简版!).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Related Conception(,相关概念,),1.,名词,:,表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词。,2.,名词在句子当中一般可以作什么成分,?,名词在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。,The boy is,li,Ming.,主语,表语,Mr.Liang,a 24-year-old boy,teaches us English.,主语,同位语,宾语,名词性从句,Noun Clauses,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句,(,Noun Clauses）。,名词从句的功能相当于,名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、,表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在,句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为,主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句,Noun Clauses,Subject(,主语,),Predicative(,表语,),Object(,宾语,),Appositive(,同位语,),Clause,1.,You know,that I am a teacher of English.,2.That I am a teacher of English is known to you all.,3.It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English.,4.The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to,you all.,5.I am worried about whether you can do well in the exam.,6.What I am worried about is whether you can do well in,the exam.,that I am a teacher of English,That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in,the exam.,Object Clause,Subject Clause,Subject Clause,Predicative Clause,Appositive Clause,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,Object Clause,Find the clauses and tell the function of them:,Subject Clause,What I am worried about,一、主语从句,主语从句通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语,it,代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1.it,作形式主语的四个主要句型,1)It+be+,名词词组,(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that,从句,Its a pity that,we cant go.,Its no surprise that,our team should have won the game.,2)It+be+,形容词,(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that,从句,It is certain that,she will do well in her exam.,It is probable that,he told her everything.,3)It+be+,过去分词,(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that,从句,It is said that,Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.,It is reported that,China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.,4)It+,不及物动词,(seem,happen,等,)+that,从句,It seemed that,Alice is not coming to the party at all.,It happened that,I was out that day.,2.,主语从句的主谓一致,主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数,.what,引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数,.,When and where well go,isnt,decided.,What we need,are,books/,is,water.,3.What,与,that,的用法区别,what,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,而,that,则不作句子成分,.,What you,said yesterday,is right.,That she is still alive,is good news.,4.Whether,和,if,的用法区别,通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用,whether,不用,if,It,doesnt matter,whether she will come or not,.The problem is,whether she will have enough time.,经典试题,1.After Yang,Liwei,succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 2.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _ Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key university.A.What;because B.What;that C.That;what D.That.;because,B,B,B,4.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.how D.what 5._ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,that D.That,what 6.-What do you think of China?-_ different life is today from_ it used to be.,A.,How,what,B.What,what,C.How,that,D.What,that 7._ you dont like him is none of my business.A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 8._ I was free that evening.A.It happened to B.It happened that C.That happened D.It was happened that,D,A,A,C,B,9.It was true _ Alice did surprise her mother.A.that B.what C.that,what D.what,that 10.Its not yet clear _ of those will be chosen to do the job.A.that,B.whom,C.which,D.whose,11._ in the newspaper that the Japanese minister will arrive next Monday.,A.It,says,B.It,is said,C.It,has said,D.He,is said 12._ we have seen is quite different from _ we have heard.,A.That,that,B.What,that,C.That,what,D.What,what 13._ I have will be yours sooner or later.,A.No,matter what,B.No,matter whatever,C.WhateverD.That,14._ was a well-known fact.A.That their team was weak B.That their team being weak.C.Their team was weak D.If their team was weak,C,C,B,D,C,A,二、表语从句,表语从句放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语,+,连系动词,+,表语从句”,1,、由,that,引导，,that,不作成分，只起连接作用。,The fact is,that we have lost the game,.The trouble is,that I have lost his address.,2,、由,whether,引导表示不确定，由,because,引导表示原因,。,The point is,whether we should lend him the money.,It is,because I have ever heard of the story,.,3.what,which,who,whom,whose,等连接代词及,when,where,how,why,等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分,.,The problem is,who we can get to replace her,.The question is,how he did it.,That was,what she did this morning on reaching the attic.,4.as if,常与,look,seem,sound,等连系动词连用,.,She looks,as if she would cry,.,5.,在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。,My,suggestion,is,that we,（,should,）,start early tomorrow,.,经典试题,1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of insects,birds,and animals are dying out.A.that B.as C.why D.when 2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.where 3.Parents are taught to,understand_important,education is to their childrens future.A.that B.how C.such D.so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is _ I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how,C,A,B,B,5.I think Father would like to know_ Ive been up to so far,so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 6.The road is covered with snow.I cant understand_ they insist on going by motorbike.,A.why,B.whether,C.when,D.how,7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has said;they are waiting to see_ he will do.A.how B.that C.when D.what,C,A,A,D,9.-I think its going to be a big problem.-Yes,it could be.-I wonder _ we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why 11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken.A.where it was that B.it was that C.where it was D.it was why,C,A,A,12.Never take _for granted that I will help you.Better depend on yourself.A.that B.it C.which D.this 13.It looks _he is unhappy today.A.that B.if C.as if D.whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I would do_ I can to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter.A.whom B.which C.that D.what,B,C,A,D,三、宾语从句,1.,作动词的宾语,1),引导词,that,可省略,I hear(that)he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,2),由疑问词,whether(if),引导,I want to know what he has told you.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.,3),动词,+,间接宾语,+,宾语从句,She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2.,作介词的宾语,Our success depends,upon how,well we can cooperate with one another.,3.It,作为形式宾语,He has made,it,clear,that,he will not give in.See to,it that,children dont catch cold.,4.,否定的转移,主句的谓语动词为,think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine,等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定词,not,一般要把否定词,not,转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定,.,I,dont,think this dress fits you well.,5.that,不能省略的情况,1)and,连接两个宾语从句,that,宾语从句放在,and,后,Everybody could see what happened,and that,Tom was frightened.,2)that,引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,I know nothing about him,except that,he is from the south.,3)that,从句位于句首时,That,he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.,4),主句谓语动词与,that,从句之间有插入语时,We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that,we would admit him for a probationary,.,6.,宾语从句的时态,1),主句用过去时,从句用相应的过去时,(,如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时,),Did,you see that the boys,were playing,football on the playground at that time?Yesterday Tom,said,that the earth,goes,round the sun.,2),主句为现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态,I,think,that the Greens,have left,for Hawaii.I,want,to know if/whether he,will go,surfing this afternoon.,3),动词,suggest(,建议,),insist(,坚持,主张,),prefer(,宁愿,),request(,要求,),require(,要求,命令,),demand(,要求,),order(,命令,),command(,命令,),advise(,建议,),等词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其构成是“,should+,动词原形”，其中,should,可省略,It was,suggested,that more teachers,should be,sent there to help them.Tom,insisted,that his leadership,be,recognized by all the boys.,7.,宾语从句的引导词,1),连词,:that,if,whether,2),连接代词,:who,whose,what,which,3),连接副词,:when,where,how,why,作业,:,用,whose,whom,what,how,that,填空,.,1.I think _ he will be all right in a few days.,2.Do you know _ they are waiting for?,3.He asked _ dictionary it was.,4.Please pay attention to _ the teacher said.,5.Can you tell me _ I can get to the railway station?,四、同位语从句,同位语从句一般用,whether,，,that,等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。,1.,同位语从句的先行词多为,fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,等,关联词多用从属连词,that.,Where did you get the,idea,that,I could not come?,They were all very much worried over the,fact,that,you were sick.,2.,同位语从句意义完整,应用,that;,意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用,whether,；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用,when,，,where,，,how,等词。,I have no,idea,whether,hell come or not.,The,question,who,should do the work,requires consideration.,3.,表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（,should+,动词原形，,should,可省略）,This is our only,request,that,this(should)be settled as soon as possible.,The general gave the,order,that,the soldiers should cross the river at once.,试区分以下句子,Do you know the fact that he stole the car?,Do you know the fact that they were talking about?,注意：,1.,如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的,that,只起连接作用。,2.,定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。,(,同从,),(,定从,),一、同位语从句与定语 从句的相似之处,1,、两种从句都可以译成定语,e.g.,The news,that our team has won the final match,is encouraging.,（同位语从句）,我们队取得决赛胜利的,消息令人鼓舞。,The news,that you told us,is really,encouraging.,（,定语从句）,你告诉我们的,消息真的令人鼓舞。,2,、两种从句都可以用,that,引导,e.g.,The suggestion,that students should learn something practical,is worth considering,.,（,同位语从句）,学生应该学些实用的东西的,建议值得考虑。,The suggestion,that is worth considering,is that the students should learn something practical.,（,定语从句）,值得考虑的,建议是学生应该学些实用,的东西。,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,1,、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步,说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、,限定前面的名词。,e.g.The news,that our team has won the final match,is encouraging.,（从句说明“消息”的内容：,我们队取得了决赛胜利。,）,The news,that you told us,is really,encouraging.,（,从句对“消息”加以限定：是,你告诉我们的,，,而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,二、同位语从句与定语 从句的不同之处,2,、引导从句的关联词,that,的功能不同：,that,引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的,that,是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1)Dad made a promise,that,he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.,（,that,不充当任何成分）,2)Dad made a,promise,that,excited,all his children,.,（,that,指代,promise,，,又在从句中充当主语。）,Tell the difference,1.The news,that the plane would take off on time,made everybody happy.,2.The news,that is spreading around the airport is,that a heavy storm is coming.,3.The suggestion,that students should learn something practical,is worth considering.,4.The suggestion,that they are,AC,considering,is,that students should learn something practical,.,Appositive,AC,Appositive,Predicative,Predicative,I.,Tell the function of the clauses in the following sentences,说出下列从句的功能：,A:Appositive,（,同位语）,;B:Attributive,（,定语）,His proposal,that we go there on foot,is acceptable.,Many teachers hold the view,that teenagers should not spend too much time online,.,3.The first request,that he made,was to ask for freedom.,4.Do you have any idea,where we will be sent,?,5.Is this the company,where your father works,?,6.This is the reason,that he gave for his absence,.,7.He made an excuse,that his car broke down on,the way,.,B,B,B,4.that,引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别,句法功能上,意义上,that,引导的同位语从句,that,引导的定语从句,只起连接从句的作用,无意义,在从句中,不充当句子成分,不可省略,替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用,还,充当句子成分,.,若在从句中作宾语可省略,.,从句是名词的内容,从句起限定作用,是定语,经典试题,1.A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when B.where C.what D.that 2.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether 3.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road condition need_.A.that,to be improved B.which,to be improved C.where,improving D.when,improving,D,B,A,4.Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO isnot ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.what 5.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination he would buy me a new dictionary.A.that B.if C.whether D.that if 6.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.,A.while,B.that,C.when,D.as,7._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There,that B.It,that C.,There,whether,D.It,whether,A,D,B,A,8.His suggestion _ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A.that we go B.which we should go C.that we would go D.when we should go 9.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when 10.After months of research there was little hope _ the lost car might be found.A.that B.which C.when D.how 11.The possibility _ the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.A.which B.if C.that D.what,A,A,A,C,12.What are you anxious about?-_.,A.How can we succeed.B.Whether we can succeed.C.When can we succeed.,D.That,we can succeed,13.The suggestion,students should learn some practical knowledge is worth considering A.if B.which C./D.that 14.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease.A.that B.as C.of which D.which 15.It is said that more middle school gradates will be admitted into universities,this is the information,has been put forward.A.what B.which C.when D.as,B,D,A,B,作业,:,填上适当的连接词,1.I have no,idea,_ he will be back.,2.We heard,the news,_ our team had won.,3.There arose,the question,_ we could get the loan 4.,The suggestion,_ the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.5.Have you heard,the news,_ Mary will be back soon?,when,that,where,that,that,他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。,How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.(),你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？,Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?(),F,T,T,F,名词性从句考点归纳,一、名词性从句的语序,陈述语序,连接词,宾语从句中可省略,句子中不作成分,宾语从句中有时通用，其他从句只能用,whether,连接代词,连接副词,根据从句所缺成分判别,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,that,whether,if,when,where,how,why,（状语）,(主语、宾语）,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,二、名词性从句连接词的选用,1.that,和,what,的选用,that,和,what,都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，,what,除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而,that,在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,什么时候,that,可省？什么时候不能省？,that/what,1._,he wants is a book.,2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,9._ has made China_ it is now.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,what,what,whether,与,if,均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，,whether,不能被,if,所取代：,1.whether,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,不用,if,，,如：,Whether it is true remains a problem.,The question is whether you should accept it.,The question whether hell attend the meeting is important.,2.whether,可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而,if,则不能，如：,Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.,3.whether,可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而,if,则不能，,I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry.,4.,whether or not,连在一起引导宾语从句时不用,if,2.whether,与,if,的辨用,Practice time,if/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.W