创新设计高考英语总复习语言基础知识Unit11TheMedia北师大版必修4.doc

【创新设计】高考英语总复习 语言基础知识 Unit11 The Media 北师大版必修4

·必考话题11　人际关系(Ⅰ)
[写 作 必 备]
基础词汇
1．treasure v．爱惜；珍藏
2．partner n. 伙伴
3．memory n. 记忆
4．appreciate v. 感谢；欣赏
5．communicate v. 交际；沟通
6．relative n. 亲属
7．precious adj. 珍贵
8．relationship n. 人际关系
9．fall in love with 相爱；爱上
10．trust each other 互相信任
11．be loyal to 对……忠诚
12．turn to sb for help 向某人求援
13．look down upon 看不起；轻视
14．know sb well 熟知某人
提分句型
1．I'm sorry you are having trouble in making friends.However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. 很抱歉你在交友上遇到麻烦。然而，假如你听从我提议，状况是很容易变化。
2．I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand to solve this problem.
假如你能帮忙处理这个问题，我将不胜感谢。
3．Being polite is the most important step to develop relationship among friends.
礼貌是建立朋友关系当中最重要一步。
4．What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.我想强调是我们中每一种人都应当更多倾听他人。
[美 文 赏 析]
素材示例　(·重庆卷)请结合材料，按规定用英文写作。
A mother said，“My son is always on the phone，sleeping，out with his friends，or in his room.He never has time to talk to me.”
规定：(1)就此材料刊登你见解；(2)紧紧围绕材料，有明确观点；(3)词数不少于60；
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Recently，many teenagers like to spend more time in playing mobile phones，sleeping，hanging out with their friends or staying in their rooms instead of talking to their parents.
Why does it occur？I think it is for lack of① communication.Teenagers seek from their friends, and others in time of difficulties and problems instead of from their parents or families.One of the main factors affecting the communication between parents and children is age difference.
For one thing，② we have this so­called communication gap. Our parents often forget about children's wants and needs before they decide to do something，or buy something.If our parents know these，potential communication problems may be solved.
For another thing，② communication is two­way.Both parents and children should listen to each other and respect each other.

1．lack of 缺乏，常与for连用构成短语，for lack of因缺乏……。
[模拟]　For_lack_of_money，the trip was cancelled.由于缺钱，这次旅行被取消了。
2．for one thing...for another thing...首先……，另首先……，一般用于引出并列两个理由。
[模拟]　I can't buy a car.For_one_thing，I can't drive.For_another_thing,_I don't have enough money.我没能买车，首先是由于我不会开车，另首先是由于我没有足够钱。　　　

Ⅰ.关键单词
1．________(vt.)规定，祈求
2．________(vt.)&(n.)尝试，试图→________(adj.)未遂
3．________(adj.)政治→________(n.)政治
4．________(n.)信奉；信心；信任→________(vt.)相信
5．________(vt.)宣布，宣布→________(n.)公告
6．________(n.)申请(书)；应用→________(n.)申请人→________(vt.)申请
7．________(n.)解释；阐明→________(vt.)解释
8．________(vt.)雇用→________(n.)雇用→________(n.)失业→________(n.)雇主→________(n.)雇员→________(adj.)自已经营
9．________(n.)争论，争执→________(vi.)争执
10．________(vt.)分析→________(n.)分析
11．________(n.)鼓励→________(vt.)鼓励→________(adj.)鼓舞人心→________(adj.)受鼓舞
12．________(vi.)发生，出现
13．________(vt.)责怪，归咎于
14．________(vt.)保卫，防御，辩解→________(n.)保卫；防卫
15．________(vt.)为……做广告，登广告→________(n.)广告→________(n.)广告人
16．________(n.)奉献，捐助→________(vt.)奉献
17．________(adj.)天真无邪，单纯；无罪→________(n.)清白无罪
18．________(vt.)做出结论；结束→________(n.)结论
19．________(vt.)&(vi.)打断某人发言或动作；打扰→________(n.)打断
20．________(adj.)自然环境→________(adv.)环境地→________(n.)环境
21．________(n.)保护，防卫→________(vt.)保护
22．________(n.)措施，方式
23．________(n.)场面，风景→________(n.)风景(总称)
答案　1.demand　2.attempt；attempted　3.political；politics　4.belief；believe　5.announce；announcement　6.application；applicant；apply　7.explanation；explain　8.employ；employment；unemployment；employer；employee；self­employed　9.argument；argue　10.analyse；analysis　11.encouragement；encourage；encouraging；encouraged　12.arise　13.blame　14.defend；defence　15.advertise；advertisement；advertiser　16.contribution；contribute　17.innocent；innocence　18.conclude；conclusion　19.interrupt；interruption　20.environmental；environmentally；environment　21.protection；protect 22．approach　23.scene；scenery
——词不离句，句不离段
There's no evidence before the explosion.Who is to blame？There are different attitudes according to the analysis and her explanation.We have strong belief that she doesn't pretend to be innocent.
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．是……意思；代表；支持　　　　________________
2．详细地 ________________
3．成果是；归结为 ________________
4．展望，期待 ________________
5．支持，赞同 ________________
6．与……竞争 ________________
7．抓住……注意力 ________________
8．由……构成 ________________
9．stand out ________________
10．be linked with/to ________________
11．participate in ________________
12．as long as ________________
13．comment on ________________
14．get stuck in ________________
15．help out ________________
16．go ahead with ________________
答案　1.stand for　2.in detail　e down to　 4．look forward to　5.in favour of　6.in competition with 7．hold the attention of　8.consist of/be made up of 9．突出，显眼　10.与……有关联　11.参与，参与　12．只要　13.刊登意见，提出见解　
14.陷入…… 15．协助克服困难　16.开始做；着手于
——小试身手，聚焦短语
①His parents weren't in_favour_of what he said.
②I think the black lettering will stand_out best on yellow sign.
③The letters “USA” stand_for “the United States of America”．
④I don't mind where we go as_long_as there's sun, sea and beach.
⑤What he wants to say is how great an effort he has made to help her out.

Ⅲ.经典句式
1．AIDS is another problem of great concern so sex education and health care administration are extremely important.艾滋病是另一种深受关注问题，因此性教育和健康护理机构非常重要。
[解读]“of＋抽象名词”相称于其对应形容词
[模拟]It ________________(是非常重要) for our government to prevent the house price going up.
2．However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而并非所有广告都是为了获利而推销商品和进行服务。
[解读]部分否认
[模拟]All birds have wings, but________________(并不是所有鸟都会飞)．
3．According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday, people don't mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天刊登一项研究称，人们不在意电视中不良语言，只要不用在小朋友看节目中。
[解读]as long as引导条件状语从句
[模拟]________________(只要有生命)，there is hope.
4．No matter what the government says, it is clear that the airport will also affect our health.不管政府说什么，很明显这个飞机场也会对我们健康有影响。
[解读]no matter what引导让步状语从句
[模拟]My parents always waited up for me，______________(无论我什么时间放学回家)
答案　1.is of great importance　2.not all birds can fly　3.As long as there is life　4.no matter what time I got home from school
Ⅳ.必背句法——被动语态(Ⅱ)；动名词
用所给动词合适形式填空
1．A talk on how to learn English well ________(give)in the school hall next Monday.
2．When asked by the police，he said that he remembered ________(arrive)at the party，but not ________(leave)．
3．She looks forward every spring to ________(walk)in the flower­lined garden.
4．In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sound at the end of the words________ (drop)．
5．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they________(promise) before leaving their hometowns.
答案　1.will be given　2.arriving；leaving　3.walking　4.is dropped　5.have been promised
——条分缕析，步步为营
①I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention________________when we talked on the phone.
我听说他们已经提拔了汤姆，但我们电话聊天时他没提被提拔这件事。
②It's no use________her because she won't listen.
跟她争论没有用由于她不会听。
③The boy ________________for what he had done.
这个男孩为他所作所为受到责怪。
④The professor, who was the leader of the research group, announced to the public that the experiment ________________the next month.
那个专家是研究组领导，他向大家宣布试验将于下个月完毕。
答案　①having been promoted　②arguing with　③was to blame　④would be finished

[词 汇 精 解]
demand vt.规定，祈求n.规定(事物)；需要
(教材原句)Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world.
世界各地人民都规定改革。
(1)demand to do sth规定做某事
demand sth of/from sb向某人要某物
demand＋that从句[从句用(should＋)动词原形]
(2)meet/satisfy one's demands满足某人需要
in demand有需求
①The workers are demanding better pay of/from the boss.工人们正在规定老板提高工资。
②Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to ________________.(·湖南，Part ⅣSection A)
自从最早文明开始，人类就已经控制河流以满足社会需要。
答案　②meet society's demands
注意 不可说demand sb to do sth“规定某人做某事”。类似动词尚有hope，agree和suggest等。
arise vi.发生，出现；起身，起立
(教材原句)Could you tell us how the problem arose?
你能告诉我们这个问题是怎样产生吗？
arise from/out of...由……引起
when the need/problem arises当需要/问题出现时
①These changes arise from differences in climate and the nature of the country.这些变化是由这个国家气候和自然环境差异引起。
②We can turn to our English teacher for help ____________.假如有问题，我们可以向英语老师求援。
词语辨析　rise, raise, arise
rise
为不及物动词，也可用作名词。意为“(太阳、月亮等)升起，(物价、数量、地位等)增长、上升，(河水等)发源”；也可指人“起床，起立”等；其过去式、过去分词分别为rose和risen
raise
为及物动词，意为“提高(数量、水平等)，提高，筹募，引起，抚养，喂养”；其过去式、过去分词均为raised
arise
为不及物动词，表达“出现，发生，起因于”；过去式和过去分词分别为arose和arisen
巧学助记　

③Although a new economic crisis has ________ and prices are also ________， I want to ________ some money to set up a school.尽管又爆发了一次金融危机，并且物价也在上涨，不过我还是想筹集某些钱来建一所学校。
答案　②when the problem arises　③arisen；rising；raise
blame vt.责怪，归咎于n.过错；责怪
(教材原句)The media is often blamed for encouraging the paparazzi.
由于鼓励了狗仔队行为，媒体常常被谴责。
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth因(做了)某事而责怪某人
blame sth on...把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for...)应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责怪(不定式用积极语态)
(2)take the blame for sth对某事负责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事责任推到某人身上
①There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer.(·陕西卷，D)
假如你(对衣着服饰)选择与你喜欢雇主原则不符，那只能怪你。
②Still others lay the blame on the Americans, complaining that pounds have piled on thanks to eating American­style fast food.(·湖北卷，C)
尚有某些人怪罪于美国人，埋怨由于吃美式快餐体重增长。
③They blamed him for the accident happening the other day.
＝They ________the accident happening the other day________him.
他们把前几天发生事故归咎于他。
答案　③blamed；on
employ vt.雇用；聘任；使忙于；使从事于
[牛津]Can't we employ someone as an assistant to help deal with all this paperwork?
我们不可以雇一位助理来协助处理这些文书工作吗？
(1)employ
(2)employ oneself in (doing) sth
＝be employed in (doing) sth从事于/忙于(做)某事
①For the past ten years I have been employed as an English teacher in this middle school.
十年以来我一直在这所中学受雇当一名英语教师。
②Guo Jingming is employed in writing a new novel.
＝Guo Jingming________________a new novel.
郭敬明忙着写一部新小说。
答案　②employs himself in writing
attempt vt.&n.尝试，试图
(教材原句)But sometimes, the paparazzi go too far in their attempt to get the best photographs.不过有时候，狗仔队为了获得最佳照片要走很远路。
(1)attempt试图做某事
(2)make an attempt to do sth企图做某事
at the first attempt第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj.未遂
① Body language is particularly important when we attempt to communicate across cultures.(·新课标卷，完形填空)
当我们尝试跨文化交流时，肢体语言尤为重要。
②We made an attempt to leave for camping, but were stopped by our teacher.
我们想去野营但被我们老师拦住了。
③She has been charged with the ________ murder of her husband.她被指控意图谋杀丈夫。
答案　③attempted
pretend vt.&vi.伪装，假装，(在游戏中)假扮；伪称，佯称
(教材原句)Pretending to be a repairman to get into the house of a film star and take pictures of her daily life.假扮成修理工进入一种电影明星房间并且拍摄她生活照。
pretend that...假装……
pretend
①Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes.(·广东卷，A)
汤姆喜欢假扮，他尤其喜欢饰演超级英雄。
②He pretended that he was reading an English paper when the teacher came in.
＝He________________an English paper when the teacher came in.
当老师进来时候，他假装在看英语报纸。
答案　②pretended to be reading
approach n．[C]措施，方式；途径；[单数]靠近
vt.&vi.靠近；靠近；接洽；规定；着手处理
(教材原句)For many of today's advertisers, repeating old ideas is not a successfull approach.对当今许多广告人来说，反复旧理念已不是一种成功措施。
(1)the approach
make an approach to sth/sb对……进行探讨；和某人打交道
(2)approach sb
①China and Russia have similar approaches to addressing major international problem.中国和俄罗斯在处理重大国际问题上有着相似立场。
②I'm not very good at making approaches to strangers.我不善于和陌生人打交道。
③She approached the bank for a loan in order to buy a new house.为了买一所新居子她向银行申请贷款。
词语辨析　approach，method, way
approach
处理问题详细措施、环节，与介词to连用
method
指有理论或有系统措施，与介词of连用，构成the method of doing sth, with this method
way
措施通用语，合用范围较广，与介词of连用，构成the way of doing sth/to do sth, in this way
④Some factories take no________to the problem of pollution to make a greater profit, but we are trying to develop new________of pollution control.I think only in this________can we build a harmonious society.
答案　④approach；methods；way
scene n．场面，场景；(戏剧)一场；景色
(高考佳句)We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.(·全国卷Ⅰ)
当员工们在一条弯曲路边缘把树竖起来布置场景时，我们都站在影棚远端。
on the scene在现场；当场；在台上
come on the scene出场；登场
①The police were on the scene soon after the traffic accident happened.
交通事故发生后很快警察就赶到了现场。
词语辨析　scene, scenery, sight, view
scene
可数名词。指详细、局部或一时景色，可以是自然形成，也可是人工导致。还可表达“场面，场景；事发现场和地点；(戏剧)场景”
scenery
总称，指一种国家或某一地区整体自然风景。常作不可数名词
sight
侧重指旅游观光风光，如都市景色或自然风光。也指人造景物或奇特景色。常用复数。还可表达“视觉；视野；见解”
view
多指从远处或高处，即从某一角度所见景色。还可表达“意见；观点”
②The Great Wall, whose________is beautiful, is one of the most breathtaking________in the world, but thirty years ago, beautiful as the________was from the distance, a dirty________appeared in front of us when we arrived there.
答案　②scenery；sights；view；scene
consist of 由……构成，由……构成(＝be made up of/be composed of)
(教材原句)Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are.有些广告中具有某些图片或专家说话，告诉人们该产品怎样好。
(1)consist
(2)consistent adj.一致；相符
be consistent with和……一致；和……相符
①The package________________a long, narrow box carefully wrapped in brown paper.(·浙江卷完形填空)
包裹里有一种用棕色纸仔细包装又长又窄盒子。
②The beauty of the city________________its magnificent buildings.
这座都市美就在于它那些宏伟建筑。
答案　①consisted of　②consists in
注意 consist of与consist in不用进行时态，也不用被动语态。
stand out 突出，显眼
(教材原句)Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combing the highest standards of design with ideas linked to products to make them more attractive.
现代广告必须通过最高水平设计加上更具吸引力产品理念在充斥竞争世界里脱颖而出。
stand for是……意思，代表；支持；象征
stand by sb/sth支持某人；遵守某事
stand up for为……辩护；支持
①We stand for a peaceful settlement of the international dispute.我一贯主张和平处理这一争端。
②She is the sort of person who________________in a crowd.她是那种在人群中很显眼人。
答案　②stands out
[句 式 诠 释]
(教材原句)However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.
然而，并非所有广告都是为了获利而推销商品和进行服务。
not all...为部分否认构造“并非都”、“并非所有”，故本句可替代为：However，all advertising is not about selling products and services for a profit.
(1)英语中不定代词all, both, each, every, everybody, everyone, everything；形容词complete, entire, whole；副词completely, entirely, wholly, altogether等和否认词not连用，构成部分否认，表达“不都，并非都……”意思。
(2)英语中不定代词none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither；副词(词组)no, never, nowhere, no more, no longer等表达否认意义词与肯定式谓语连用，构成所有否认。
①He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable.(·浙江卷，A)
他说或许这再次证明了并非所有新锁都是可靠。
②None of the books are useful to us for the moment.
这些书对我们临时都没用。
[对 点 题 组]
Ⅰ.用所给词合适形式填空
1．After graduation, she found________(employ) with a local finance company.
2．All________(attempt) to control the spread of the disease have failed.
3．Do you remember him________(pretend) to be his father on the phone?
4．A number of high buildings have ________(arise) where there