银行不良资产处置法律问题比较研究——以金融资产管理公司为中心.pdf

摘要摘要城市是社会发展、人类活动的中心，是人口和各种社会经济活动高度集中的地方，伴随着区域经济发展和城市化水平的提高，城市已经成为现代区域经济要素集聚和扩散 的核心载体。近百年来随着经济发展水平和发展环境的变化，城市经济活动也发生了重 要转变。本研究结合当前社会经济发展的时代特征，对郑州市经济转型问题展开研究，分析郑州市经济职能定位、产业结构、经济空间布局演变的规律和发展模式，具有重要 的现实意义和理论意义。通过相关研究，不仅可以为郑州市的城市建设、产业结构升级、经济空间布局优化、经济职能提升制定合理的发展规划，还可以弥补现有城市经济转型 理论研究的不足，丰富内陆中心城市经济转型的研究内容。本文以郑州市为研究对象，在经济学、地理学、社会学等相关理论的指导下，采川 宏观一中观一微观研究尺度相结合、定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法，归纳和总结郑 州市经济职能定位、产业结构升级、经济空间结构重组的规律，对当前经济发展背景下 郑州市经济转型的动力因素及作川机制展开深入的分析，进而预测郑州市经济转型的模 式及发展趋势。论文主要分为九个部分：第一章，引言。主要论述了论文的选题背景和意义，指出郑州市经济转型研究的重 要性，在此基础上，提出论文研究的思路和方法。城市经济的发展需要有与之相适应的 经济职能定位、产业结构类型和经济空间结构模式。受到国际、国内经济发展背景变化 的影响，郑州市目前正遭遇城市竞争力下降、传统产业衰退、产业结构不合理等多方面 的发展危机，同时，不断变化的区域经济发展规划也推动着郑州市的经济转型。研究郑 州市这个具有典型时代背景和区位特征的中国内陆中心城市的经济转型问题，对于丰富 城市经济转型理论和指导内陆中心城市经济转型具有十分重要的意义，由此提出了论文 研究的主题。第二章，文献回顾与经验借鉴。通过对国内外城市经济转型研究的综述和回顾，发 现国内研究存在以下几点问题：第一，大部分研究的焦点都是上海、广州、北京等经济 发达的国际化大都市，对于内陆中心城市的研究相对缺乏；第二，对于城市经济转型动 力机制的总结不够全面，应该更加全面地考虑城市经济转型的动力因素，综合分析各种 动力因素的合力；第三，国内的研究多集中在对于现状的描述，城市经济转型的研究应 该多聚焦于对未来发展趋向的预测。通过对国内外成功转型的案例研究总结了其经济转 河南大学博士学位论文郑州市经济转型研究型的经验，作为郑州市经济转型的借鉴。第三章，城市经济转型理论框架的构建。基于现阶段城市经济转型影响因素的系统 性特点，从理论上构建了各种影响城市经济转型因素的作用机制。综合分析认为，经济 全球化、区域整合、信息化、交通通达性、技术创新、低碳经济需求等因素是现阶段影 响城市经济转型的主要动力。经济全球化通过外商投资和对外贸易推动城市经济职能、产业结构和经济空间布局发展的演变。区域整合使生产要素可以在一定区域范围内自由 流动，进而加剧了城市之间的竞争与合作，促进了城市经济职能的变化。信息化使信息 技术得以广泛的应用，通过信息产业化和产业信息化推动产业结构升级；信息技术的发 明和使用改变了城市经济地理法则，促进了城市经济空间布局重构。技术创新使落后产 业逐渐被淘汰，传统产业不断得到改善，同时还产生了新的产业模式。低碳经济的建设 需求也促进了城市产业结构升级，在低碳经济发展需求下，城市必须转变粗放式的经济 发展模式，实现产业结构升级。第四章，郑州市经济发展及空间布局的演化历程。本章从城市经济职能定位、产业 结构、经济空间布局等方面探讨了郑州市经济发展演化的历程。通过分析认为，郑州市 的经济发展演化特征如下：第一，政府在郑州市经济发展过程中起主导作川。建国初期,郑州市的经济发展受政府的强制性作川比较明显，带有浓郁的中央集权色彩，后来随着 全国经济形势的好转，以资源合理配置为发展目标的引导性政策开始产生作用。目前，政府在经济职能定位中的作用正在减弱，市场的调节作川增加。第二，产业结构从单一 化走向多元化，三次产业结构不断优化。建国初期郑州市以农业为主，1953年，工业才 开始发展，并且工业结构比较单一，主要以轻纺工业为主，改革开放以后第三产业和高 技术产业快速发展，逐渐成为国民经济的重要组成部分，经过半个多世纪的发展，郑州 市的工业结构逐渐多元化。第三，经济空间结构复杂化，工业的郊区化趋势已经显现，服务业的空间集中度增加。从全市范围来看，制造业在各县、市、区的分布正逐步均衡 化，明显从中心城市向卫星城市扩散；服务业和制造业的空间演化趋势出现分异；在中 心城区，制造业从核心区向边缘区转移，服务业中原区、二七区逐步向金水区转移；总 体上看，郑州市的经济空间存在整体分散和局部集中并存的现象。第五章，郑州市经济职能提升动力及作用机制。经济全球化和区域整合是决定城市 经济职能定位的主要因素。对郑州市外商依存度和对外贸易依存度的分析发现，郑州市 对外开放较晚，参与经济全球化的程度不高，是典型的内向型经济发展模式，在国际劳 摘要动分工中以水平分工为主，垂直分工较少，在全球城市体系中处于承担生产和装配职能 的节点位置。外商投资并不是推动郑州市经济增长的原因，但是较好的经济基础却能吸 引更多的外资，并在滞后2年的时间内推动经济增长。因此，政府总是为了能吸引外资，而实施优惠政策。总体上看，全球化对郑州市经济发展和转型的影响需要通过政策措施 来实现，其影响模式为：经济全球化政策调整经济转型进一步参与经济全 球化经济转型，只有在参与经济全球化的程度深化以后，该因素对郑州市经济转型 的影响才会比较显著。为了在经济全球化过程中获得更多的发展空间，郑州市和周边的 区域建立了经济联盟，积极推进区域整合，目前的主要形式有：中部六省、河南省、郑 汴一体化、大郑州都市区建设等整合项目。通过层次分析法分析了郑州市在中部六省核 心城市中的竞争力，发现，郑州市具有明显的竞争优势，是中部六省在长江以北区域的 中心城市，是该地区的先进制造业基地和生产性服务业增长极。在河南省，郑州市在先 进制造业和生产性服务业方面优势更加突出，管理和服务职能明显。利川1987-2007年 河南省投入产出数据和河南省各地市工业增加值数据，分析了河南省主导产业的演化轨 迹和郑州市的优势产业组成，以及在河南省的地位，认为郑州市在河南省不仅要作为优 势产业集中地，还要承担对周边地区的服务和辐射职能，是河南省的核心增长极和中心 城市，主要发展非金属制品、有色金属制品、机械制造、化学工业、食品制造和电子通 讯设备制造业以及金融保险、商务服务业、房地产等生产性服务业。郑汴一体化和大郑 州都市区的建设进一步巩固了郑州市的区域中心城市地位，为未来建设“国家中心城市”的构想提供了契机。在经济全球化和区域整合等一系列经济发展背景的影响下，郑州市 正在巩固以在国际上承担生产和装备职能，在区域范围内作为优势产业集中地，并承担 管理和服务职能为主的区域中心城市定位，预计未来在国际上会成为地区性的金融、管 理和服务中心，以及我国的国家中心城市。第六章，郑州市产业结构转型动力及作川机制。经济全球化、信息化、技术创新和 低碳排放需求是影响郑州市产业结构转型的主要因素。通过分析外资在各产业中的分 布，以及出口产品的结构类型发现，经济全球化对郑州市产业结构转型的影响通过两种 渠道实现，一种是利川外商投资改变固定资产投资结构，促进传统优势产业、高技术产 业和生产性服务业在产业结构中的比重增加；另一种是利用对外贸易改变产品结构，进 而延伸传统优势产业的产业链，并提高高技术产业在产业结构中的比重。信息化和信息 技术的产生及发展使郑州市的信息产业在国民经济中的比重增加，以信息产业为主导的 ill河南大学博士学位论文 郑州市经济转型研究新经济增长点形成，信息技术的广泛应用还加剧了农业、工业、服务业的升级转化。技 术创新是产业结构升级的主要动力，通过对技术创新能力的分析发现，郑州市的技术创 新能力较低，内生性的技术创新活动对产业结构升级的影响并不是很大，但是受到外部 创新活动的影响，郑州市的传统产业有升级趋势，高技术产业也有快速发展的势态。降 低碳排放也是城市产业结构调整的方向，本文从工业结构和能源结构的视角出发，分析 了郑州市碳排放现状，研究发现现有的工业结构和能源结构具有较高的碳排放总量和排 放强度。要降低郑州市的碳排放量，必须大力发展生产性服务业、高技术产业和清洁能 源产业，高能耗产业部门要向中心城市外围转移。结合各种动力因素的作用和郑州市的资源条件及实际状况，目前郑州市的产业定位 应该是大力发展创新型产业，例如：新能源产业、新材料产业、生物医药产业、软件产 业、生产性服务业和物联网产业等；还应该适当发展纺织业、煤炭产业、食品加工业、化学工业等产业部门；着力建设机械制造业、设备制造业和汽车制造业也是郑州市产业 转型的一大趋势。第七章，郑州市经济空间结构重组模式及动力。利川2004年郑州市经济普查的工 业企业数据库和2009年工商局数据库中的服务业企业名录，采川空间分析方法和泊松 回归分析法，对郑州市的制造业、服务业空间分布特征及演变趋势展开了定量分析。结 果表明，郑州市的制造业空间具有明显的聚集特征，铁路沿线和经济开发区是制造业企 业分布密度较高的区域，高技术制造业企业和污染型制造业企业有着相同的空间分布特 征，政策因素对制造业的空间布局影响较大；服务业存在明显的距离衰减特征，郊区化 趋势并不明显，社会服务业、分配服务业、生产性服务业和个人服务业之间的空间聚集 特征存在一定的差异性。利川泊松回归分析企业的空间分布数据与区位因子之间的相关 关系，结果发现，交通便利程度、创新环境、创新条件、市场接近度是影响郑州市经济 空间布局的主要因子，通过对这些因子的概括总结得出影响其经济空间布局的动力主要 有交通通达性、信息化、经济全球化。在这些动力的影响下郑州市经济空间重构趋势为：（1）制造业逐渐从城市核心区向郊区转移。（2）服务业在中心城市集中，郊区化趋势 并不明显。（3）制造业空间和服务业空间分离，制造业向中心城市的南郊、西郊、东南 郊、郊县和卫星城区转移的趋势比较明显；服务业企业向中心城市东部、北部和东郊转 移的趋势比较明显。第八章，结论与讨论。总结了郑州市经济转型的主要特征，依据郑州市的现实情况,IV摘要认为在各种动力因素的共同作用下，郑州市将由承担生产和装备职能的区域性中心城市 向承担金融、管理和服务职能的国家中心城市或国际化大都市迈进。通过对发展现状和 演变趋势的分析认为，郑州市的产业结构升级转型模式为：（1）传统优势产业的深度开 发；（2）高新技术产业探索发展；（3）机械设备制造业支撑发展；（4）生产服务业协调 发展。经济空间布局变化趋势为：（1）经济空间分散化与集中化并存；（2）经济核心区 边缘化；（3）城市郊区经济职能分化；（4）中心城区清洁化。与以往主要以国际化大都 市、特殊功能体系城市为研究对象不同，本文将研究的焦点锁定在我国的内陆中心城市,丰富了中心城市经济转型的研究内容；本文更加全面地考虑了促进城市经济转型的动力 因素，构建了综合性城市经济转型的理论框架，并且还尝试川定量研究方法，结合企业 的空间分布数据对郑州市经济空间结构的特征及演变模式展开了较为深入的研究。文章 最后还论述了下一步需要研究的问题。关键词：经济转型、经济职能定位、产业结构升级、经济空间重组、郑州市vABSTRACTABSTRACTThe city is the region with high concentration of population and socio-economic activities,so it is considered the key of social development and human activities.The city has become the core carrier of production factors which constantly gater and spread with the rapid development of urbanization.In the past century,the economic activities of city have dramatic transformation along with the economic development and environmental changes.It is very meaningful to study the problems of economic transformation of Zhengzhou with the current situation of social and economic development.This research can provide reference fbr the policy instruction of urban construction,economic functions promotion,urban planning,industrial upgrading and economic space reconstruction in Zhengzhou,and it can also enrich research content of urban economy transformation.The purpose of this thesis is to summe the law of the economic function orientation,the upgrading of the industrial structure,the economic space restructuring in Zhengzhou,which makes use of qualitative analysis and macro and micro methods under guidance of theories such as geography,econimics,sociology,and further analysing on the dynamic factors and mechanism of economic transformation.The paper includes 9parts.The first part is introduction which discusses the background and the subject of the thesis,and point out the research ideas,framework and methods.Economic function orientation,industrial structure types and economic space layout mode are the keies to the development of urban economy.At present Zhengzhou is suffering the crisis of weaker urban competitiveness,recessionary traditional industry,unreasonable industrial structure,and so on.The factors have forced Zhengzhou to begin economic restructuring.This research of the economic transformation of the inland centre city with the typical era background and regional characteristics can contribute to guide the economic development mode of inland centre city to transform.The second part reviews previous researches.Through the review of the related literature,the domestic reaearch about city economy transformation has following defects:(1)The research object focuses on the economy developed international metropolis such as shanghai,Guangzhou,beijing ect,but the study about VII河南大学博士学位论文 郑州市经济转型研究inland centre city economic transformation problem is relatively lack.(2)The research about evolution mechanism of city economic transformation is still not in-depth.The research should fbcus on mechanism of interaction of various factors.(3)The research on industry and space fbr carrier is very rich,but the urban economy transformation need more research about transformation rule.(4)The research of economic evolution trend is relatively rare.The third part is the theoretical analysis about the city economic transformation.This chapter summarized the characteristics of the city economic transformation theory on the stage,summed up the factors of the city economic transformation and the mechanism.The results show that economic globalization and regional integration,infbrmationization,transportation accessibility technology innovation,low carbon economy needs are the main powers of the city economic transformation.The economic globalization promotes urban economy function,industrial structure and industrial spatial layout evolution by the foreign direct investment and the foreign trade.The regional integration promotes the urban economy function change through the free transfer of production elements with the regional competition and cooperation among the cities.The information not only can promote to the upgrade of industrial structure,and can promote to restructure economic space.The technology innovation makes backward industry eliminated,the traditional industry improved,and create new industry pattern.The low carbon economy is the main power to the city industrial structure adjustment,which requires urban change the mode of economic development.The fourth part researches the evolutionary process of economy development and spatial distribution in Zhengzhou.This chapter has explored the economy development evolution process in Zhengzhou since 1949.Main researches show some following characteristics.(1)The government is a very important role of city economic development process in Zhengzhou.But the policy is still mandatory in the process of economic development in the initial period of china.With improvement of economic situation,the development goals have given priority to rational resource allocation.At present,the role of government is weakened,but the role of the market is increasing.(2)The industrial structure becomes increasingly complex,and the three-industry structure becomes increasingly rational.The third industry and high technology industry gradually become the subject of national economy.(3)Economic space structure becomes more complicated,and manufacturing enterprises are transferred to the suburbs,and serviceVIIIABSTRACT enterprises gathered at the city centres.Viewing from the city-wide,the manufacturing industry spatial structure tends to balance,and it spread from the central city to satellite cities.Services space differs from manufacturing space,focusing to urban centers.In the city center area,manufacturing enterprises are transferred toward the suburban area from zhongyuan and erqi to jinshui.The fifth part researches the evolution and enhance of economic function of Zhengzhou.Economic function of the city determines the main factors of economic globalization and regional economic cooperation.Zhengzhou is taken part in economic globalization relatively late because it is in the inland areas of china,so Zhengzhou has typical home-oriented economy development model and mainly involved in level international divide the work,and assume the functions of production and assembly in the global production network.Against the backdrop of new economy and globalization,Zhengzhou is wanted to improve the economic functions,which not only needs to consolidate the functions of production and equipment,but also needs to improve the functions of management and service,transition from a regional center city for the country.In order to obtain more space,Zhengzhou and the surrounding area build up an economic union fbr development in the the backdrop of new economy and globalization.There are the six provinces of mid-china,Henan province,integration of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng,large metropolitan area in Zhengzhou such as the integration project.Zhengzhou is regional central cities with clear competitive advantage,also is growth pole with the manufacturing and services production base in areas north of the Changjiang River in the six provinces of mid-china.in Henan province,Zhengzhou takes on the functions of management and service.The status of the regional central city of Zhengzhou is promoted after that integration of Zhengzhou and Kaifeng and large metropolitan area in Zhengzhou are presented,and wanted to turn into the national center city.In a word,the economic function of three nodes in the global urban system and the central city location are established,and development goal of Zhengzhou will is regional finance,management and service center,and national center city with economic globalization and regional integration.The sixth part researches the power and mechanism of the industrial structure adjustment in Zhengzhou.There are many reasons influencing the industrial structure adjustment of city.At present,the main factors include economic globalization,information technology,technological innovation and low-carbon economy.Foreign direct investment and foreign trade promote the upgrading of traditionalIX河南大学博士学位论文 郑州市经济转型研究industries,and extend the industrial chain of traditional industries,on the one hand,and promote high-tech industries especially electronic access equipment manufacturing,machinery manufacturing,automobile manufacturing and other industrial sectors in the process of economic globalization on the other.The emergence and development of information technology have increased the proportion of gross domestic product in Zhengzhou,therefore,the information industry has become a new economic growth point,and information technology has also accelerated the agriculture and industry,service upgrades transformation.By the technological innovation,the proportion of high-tech industry in the industrial structure have promoted year by year,the technological innovation has greatly upgraded the technological level of traditional industries and eliminated the backward industries.Affected by the needs of low-carbon economy,producer services have become the focus of the economic development of Zhengzhou,high energy consumption and high pollution industry are transferred.The seventh part researches mode and power of Zhegnzhous economy structure recombinant.In this chapter,we use micro-scale spatial distribution of enterprise data,using spatial analysis methods,quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of manufacturing and service industries in Zhengzhou.The results show that,manufacturing space has obvious aggregation features,and the locations along the railway and the economic development zone have intensive manufacturing enterprises,and the policies on the spatial distribution of the manufacturing sector has a great influence.The various types of services have differences characteristics of spatial aggregation,and suburbanization trend is not obvious.The results show that the transportation understanding,technological innovation environments,technological innovation condition,market proximity are main factor in Zhengzhou economic space layout.After all,the urban economy spatial layout is the main driver of transport accessibility,information technology,and economic globalization.Main researches show the following characteristics.(1)Manufacturing industry gradually from the core area of the city has transferred to the suburbs.(2)Services suburbanization trend is not obvious.(3)Manufacturing space separats with services space.The eighth part generalizes the thesiss main conclusions.Through the above analyses,this dissertation is of the opinion that Zhengzhous future will is