高中英语语法-直接引语和间接引语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,直接引语与间接引语,（,Direct Speech and Indirect Speech,）,Grammar,直接引语,(,direct speech),：,直接引述别人的原话,把它放在引号内,间接引语,(in,direct speech),：,用自己的话转述别人的话,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句,4,类别：,类别,1:,直接引语为祈使句,类别,2:,直接引语为陈述句,类别,3:,直接引语为特殊疑问句,类别,4:,直接引语为一般疑问句,类别,1:,直接引语为祈使句,当祈使句是,肯定句,时，,使用,.,当祈使句是,否定句,时，,使用,.,ask/tell sb.,to do,sth,ask/tell sb.,not to do,sth,eg,.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,He said to me,“open the window,please.”,He asked me to open the window.,The teacher said to the students,”Stop talking!“,The teacher told the students to stop talking.,注意：,一般情况下，,1,、通常直接引语里含有,please,表示,请求,：,使用,ask,sb,(not)to do,sth,2,、直接引语里,不含,please,表示,命令，建议等,语气,：使用,tell/order/advise,sb,(not)to do,sth,1.Mother said to him,dont cry!,Mother,him,cry.,2.I said to him yesterday,please come early.,Yesterday I _ him,early.,Now,lets check:,told,not to,asked,to come,类别,2:,直接引语为陈述句,1.,用连词,来引导间接引语,2.,从句中的,人称、时态,、指示代词、时,间状语、地点状语,等要做相应的变化,that,类别,2:,直接引语为陈述句,一、人称的变化规律,eg1.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,She said,“I like tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis.,结论,1,：当直接引语的主语为,第一人称,时，,变间,接,引,语,后,与主句主语的人称保持一致,。,巧记为：,一随主,He said to Lily,“you must get up early.”,He told Lily that she must get up early.,eg2.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论,2,：当直接引语的主语为,第二人称,时，,变间,接,引,语,后,与主句宾语的人称 保持一致,。,巧记为：,二随宾,She said to me,“They want to help him.”,She told me that they wanted to help him.,eg3.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,结论,3,：当直接引语的主语为,第三人称,时，,变间,接,引,语,后,人称不变,。,巧记为：,三不变,类别,2:,直接引语为陈述句,二、时态的变化规律,结论,1,：,如果主句的谓语动词是,现在时,，,直接引语变成间接引语时，,从句的时态,无需变化,。,He says,I will do it tomorrow.”,eg1.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,He says that he will do it tomorrow.,eg2.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,He said,“I am a teacher.”,He said he was a teacher.,结论,2,：,如果主句的谓语动词是,一般过去,时,，直接引语变成间接引语时，,从句要,用与过去相关的时态,。,直接引语,direct speech,间接引语,indirect speech,一般,现在,时,一般,过去,时,现在,进行时,过去,进行时,现在,完成时,过去,完成时,一般,过去,时,过去完成,时,一般,将来时,过去,将来时,过去完成时,不变（过去完成时）,主句的谓语动词是,一般过去时,时态的变化,直接引语,间接引语,He said,，“,Im,afraid I cant finish the work.”,He said,，“,Im using,the knife.”,She said,，“,Ive not,heard from him since May.”,He said,，“,I came,to help you.”,She said,，,“,Ill do,it after class.”,He said,，“,I had,finished my homework before supper.”,He said that,he had,finished the homework before supper.,He said that,he was,afraid,he couldnt finish the work.,He said that,he was,using the,knife.,She said that,she had,not,heard from him since May.,He said that,he had come,to help,me.,She said that,she would do,it after class.,eg3.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,The teacher said,The earth goes round the sun.,The teacher said,（,that,）,the earth goes round,the sun.,结论,3,：,直接引语若表示的是,客观事实或真理,时,变间接引语时,时态不变,。,Attention:,When direct speech is about:,a)a truth,真理,b)a timetable,时间表,c)a saying/proverb/quotation,格言,/,引用语,d)An adverbial indicating the past,过去的时间状语,There are some cases in which we,dont need to change the tense in,indirect speech.,He said,“the earth is round.”,2.He said,“The train leaves at 7:30p.m.”,3.He said,“Rome isnt built in a day.”,4.Tom said,“I was born in July,1978.”,Change direct speech into indirect speech:,He said that the earth,is,round.,He said that the train,leaves,at 7:30p.m.,He said that Rome,isnt,built in a day.,Tom said he,was,born in July,1978.,由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化。,直接引语,间接引语,this,these,now,ago,today/tonight,tomorrow,that,those,then,before/earlier,that day/that night,the next/following day,直接引语,间接引语,the day after tomorrow,yesterday,last night,the day before yesterday,come,bring,here,in two days time,the day before,the night before,two days before,go,take,there,类别,3:,直接引语为特殊疑问句,1,、引导词为,.,2,、疑问语序要改成,.,（疑问词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他成分）,3,、,人称,的改变,(,一随主、二随宾、三不变,),4,、,时态,的变化,(,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用,任何时态,。,主句用过去时，从句用,与过去相关的时态,。,),疑问词,陈述句语序,1.When does the train arrive?Please tell me.,Please tell me,the train,.,2.,What time did he get up today,?I dont know.,I dont know,what time,up today.,Now,lets check:,when,arrives,he got,3.He asked,“Whats the matter?”,He asked _.,what was the matter,“Whats the matter?”,“Whats wrong?”,“Whats the trouble?”,变间接引语语序不变。,类别,4:,直接引语为一般疑问句,1,、用连词,引导,2,、语序要改成,.,3,、,人称,的改变,(,一随主、二随宾、三不变,),4,、,时态,的变化,(,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用,任何时态,。,主句用过去时，从句用,与过去相关的时态,。,),if/whether,陈述句语序,“,Do you like English?,”,Jim asked Tom.,eg,.,把下列直接引语改为间接引语,Jim asked Tom if/whether he liked English.,Jim asked Tom,whether,he liked English,or not,.,结论：,当句中用了,whether or not,或,whetheror,时,不能,用,if,来替换,whether,。,“,Do you like English or Chinese?,”,Jim asked Tom.,Jim asked Tom,whether,he liked English,or,Chinese.,1.“Is your mother a,doctor?”Lucy,asked me.,Lucy asked me,a doctor,.,2.,He,said,.,”Did,you see the girl?”,He asked,_,the girl or not.,Now,lets check,:,if,my mother,was,whether I,had seen,Key to P.5 Ex.2,Anne,said,that she,didnt,know,the address,of,her,new home.,2.Anne,told,her,father that she,had,got,tired,of looking at nature through dirty curtains,and dusty windows.,3.The girl,said,that,she,needed,to pack up,her,things in the suitcase very quickly.,4.Her father asked her why,she,had,chosen,her,diary and old letters.,5.“,Are,you,very hot with so many clothes on?”,Mother asked/said to her.,6.“What else,have,you,hidden,under,your,overcoat?”Margot asked her.,7.“When,shall,we,go back home?”Anne,asked her father.,8.“Why,did,you,talk so much to,that,boy?”,Father asked Anne.,Thank you for listening!,Bye-bye!,