-高考英语阅读理解技巧细节事实题二.ppt

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,细节理解题的解题步骤和方法,一、细节理解题的分类,（,1,）集中型：,（,2,）分散型：,Which of the following is not true?,We can learn/infer from the passage that,Which of the following is NOT mentioned about?,【10,上海,】70.As is mentioned in the card,the,limitation,of the research paper mainly lies in that,三大法宝：顺序原则,二、细节理解解题方法,定位词,排除法,(一)、把握解题的顺序原则,Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.,Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly,The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.,Certain microorganisms(,微生物,)cause most types of food poisoning.,Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs,meat,vegetables,and many other foods.After entering the body,these tiny living things release(,释放,)poisons that make people sick.,Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.,They are often added to food while it is being grown,processed,or prepaid.For example,many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.,Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.,These include,51,题答案,52 53题答案,53题答案,53题答案,certain kinds of seafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,and mushrooms.,When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing.Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.,Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water.If people eat natural poisons,they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.,(一)、把握解题的顺序原则,54题答案,二、通过定位词寻找出题点,定位词和主题句,是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。,1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词,2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词,3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等,【2010辽宁】64.According to,California,study,the low-scoring group might_.,【2010全国卷II】51.Why are some,Chinese,likely to go skiing in the,Europe?,【2010,广东,】48.When your,colleague,brings about a problem,you should .,【2010,江苏,】56.Which of the following do the,surnames,in the passage NOT cover?,67.Indian elephants are getting increasingly,angry,and they,revenge,because_,在原文中我们可以找到对应的句子：,Increasingly,the Indian elephant is,angry,:for many years,illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land.It is now fighting back.,定位词的转换形式：,a.,同义改写,When I was six,Dad brought home a dog one day,who was called“Brownie”,My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her.One of us would walk her,another would feed her,then there were baths,playing catch and many other games.Brownie,in return,loved each and every one of us.One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.We always felt better when she was around.,41.What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?,A.Look at them sadly.B.Keep them company.,C.Play games with them.D.Touch them gently.,sick,When I was growing up in America,I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her English,she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores,at banks,and at restaurants did not take her seriously,did not give her good service,pretended not to understand her,or even acted as if they did not hear her.,41.Why was the authors mother poorly served?,A.She was unable to speak good English.,B.She was often misunderstood.,C.She was not clearly heard.,D.She was not very polite.,But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion,68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _,Atechnical issues,Bsafety of the system,Cfinancial problems,Dmaintenance of railway tracks,Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Saturday.,51.What did Duret do shortly after the ambulance came?,A.He was interviewed by a newspaper,B.He asked his girlfriend for his dry clothes,C.He went to the hospital in the ambulance,D.He disappeared from the spot quickly,b.,转变词性与结构,:,Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some potential than others,are that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius,he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.,66.What made some people,different,from others according to,Confucius,?,A.FamilyB.Potential C.Knowledge D.Community,It11 be a win-win project.For other countries,，,the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business,，,tourism and so on,，,not to mention the better communication among those countries.,For China,，,such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources,，,but would also help develop Chinas far west,We foresee that in the coming decades,，,millions of people will migrate to the western regions,，,where the land is empty and resources unused,With high-speed trains,，,people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for a11,And they11 trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries,67,Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because,A,China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions,B,China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways,C,China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries,D,the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation,，,business and tourism,HOW TO TAKE LIPITOR DO：,Take Lipitor as prescribed by your doctor,Try to eat heart-healthy foods while you take Lipitor,Take Lipitor at any time of day,with or without food,If you miss a dose(一剂)，take it as soon as you rememberBut if it has been more than 12 hours since your missed dose，waitTake the next dose at your regular time,Dont：,Do not change or stop your dose before talking to your doctor,Do not start new medicines before talking to your doctor,58.If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose,you should _.,A.change the amount of your next dose,B,eat more when taking your next dose,C.have a dose as soon as you remember,D.take the next dose at your regular time,Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet,she went everywhere with us.People would stop and ask if they could pet her.Of course shed let anyone pet her.She was just the most lovable dog.There were many times when wed be out walking and a small child would come over and pull pm her hair.she never barked(吠)or tried to get away.Funny thing is she would smile.This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth.Far from the truth,she lovely everyone.,44.Some people got frightened by Brownie,when she_.,A.smiled B.barked,C.rushed to them D.tried to be funny,离散型细节理解:在选项中找到定位词,66.According to Rae Armantrout,_.,A.her,10th,book is much better,B.her winning the,Pulitzer,is unexpected,C.the media is,surprised,at her works,D.she likes being,recognized,by her readers,Rae Armantrout,who has been a poetry professor at the University of California San Diego(UCSD)for two decades,has won the 2010,Pulitzer,Prize in the poetry category for her most recent book,“Versed”.,“Im delighted and amazed at how much media,recognition,that the Pulitzer brings,as compared to even the National Book Critics Award,which I was also,surprised,and delighted to win,”said Armantrout.,“For a long time,my writing has been just below the media radar,and to have this kind of attention,suddenly,with my,10th,book,is really surprising.”,A,过度推测,D过度推测,C,项断章取义,(三)、排除法,（1）正确选项的特征,正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。,【2010江苏】68.According to the passage,the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .,A.technical issues,B.safety of the system,C.financial problems D.maintenance of railway tracks,a,张冠李戴：把,A,事物的特点说成是,B,事物的，企图混淆视听。,（,2,）错误选项的特征,Other early surnames came from peoples occupations.The most common occupational name is Smith,which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals.In the past,smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some other occupational names are:Carter a person who owned or drove a cart;Potter a person who made pots and pans.,57.According to the passage,the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _.,A.owned or drove a cart,B.made things with metals,C.made kitchen tools or contains,D.built houses and furniture,48.What do we know about Jarolim from the text?,AShe is successful in her job,BShe finds her life full of stresses,CShe spends half of her time traveling,DShe is especially interested in museums,b.,断章取义：,抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。,c.,过度猜测：,文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。,When youre lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera,the,stresses(,压力,),of the world seem a million miles away.Hey,stop!This is no vacation-you have to finish something!,Sure,its great to write about a tourist attraction,but youd better get the local(,当地的,),museum,hours correct or you could really ruin someones vacation.,c.,把已然说成未然（或把未然说成已然）：,本来文中还没有发生的事在选项中变成了已经发生的事，或者反之。,d.,选项与原文事实相反：,选项所叙述的内容与原文所提到的完全相反,His new idea is not only in the batterys size,but also in its semiconductor(,半导体,).Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.,“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy,part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(,晶格结构,)of the solid semiconductor,”Kwon said.“By using a liquid semiconductor,we believe we can minimize that problem.”,Together with J.David Robertson,chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor,Kwon is working to build and test the battery.In the future,they hope to increase the batterys power,shrink its size and try with various other materials.Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.,74.According to Jae Kwon,his nuclear battery .,A.uses a solid semiconductor,B.will soon replace the present ones,C.could be extremely thin,D.has passed the final test,B 过度推测,D,未然变为已然,A,项与其相反,