六级阅读课件仔细阅读题2018.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,六级阅读理解,仔细阅读题,六级考试题型及分值比例,考题原则,1.,顺序原则,问题顺序与原文顺序一致，这就要求考生应该按照题目的顺序依次做题。,2.,替换原则,选项中的词与原文中的词替换，选项进行同义改写，没有大量照抄原文或者选项进行了同义词替换。,3.,选小不选大,问题的范围必须小于原文范围，反之则不选，一切以立足原文为基准,解题步骤,第一步：看题干，划出定位词,第二步：看选项,划出选项中不同之处，大概了解文章内容,第三步：解答试题,根据试题中的定位词，找到试题在文章中对应的句子，并对其进行仔细阅读，然后对比四个选项，选出正确答案。,解题步骤,定位词的选择：,1.人名、地名和专有名词,；,2.一些拼写较长的词,；,比如：internship，competitiveness，globalization，integration，sustainability，innovative，immigration等。,3,.数字，包括年代、百分比、特殊事件等。,如：mid-1970s,3.9 percent，20 percent，September 11等。,解题步骤,定位词的选择：,4,.以连字符连接的特殊词汇。,如：university-based，one-child,，,hard-to-grasp。这些词也属于低频词，一般不会大篇幅出现。,5,.研究、报告、书籍型词汇,。,如：report，study，books等。一般来说研究、报告等内容都是易考点，这些信息经常出现在特定的段落里，所以根据这些词汇作为关键词也很容易定位。,解题步骤,定位词的选择：,6,.最高级，如best，worst，most等。,7.,具有特殊意义的指示性词汇。,这些词通常包括三类：,1,）,指示开头段的词汇（如overview、introduction、initiation、main idea、definition等）,2,）,指示结尾段的词汇（如overview、future、solution、conclusion、suggestion、summary等）,解题步骤,定位词的选择：,3,）,帮助回原文定位的特殊词汇（如rate、ratio、proportion、percentage等词往往对应含“%”的段落；number、figure、statistical、demographics等词往往对应数字集中的段落；financial、income、revenue、salary等词往往对应含诸如“￥”“$”等货币符号的段落）。,解题步骤,定位词的选择,1.,What information could be found from the black box on,the Yemeni airliner?,2,.Why was the black box redesigned,in,1965,?,3,.What do we know about the black boxes from,Air France Flight 447,?,4,.Why does,Michelle Obama,hold a strong,fascination,for the author?,5,.What does,Senator Charles Schumer,advocate?,解题步骤,同义改写,1.,The study,published in the,journal Nature,indicates that _.,A)the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results,B)lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase,C)lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected,D)the,US,is the,major source,of,lead pollution,in,arctic snow,A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the,United States,were the,leading contributor to,the,high concentration of lead,in the,snow in Greenland,.,解题步骤,21.What does,President Bush,think of,tapping oil in ANWR,?,A)It will exhaust the nations oil reserves.,B)It will help secure the future of ANWR.,C),It will help reduce the nations oil imports.,D)It will increase Americas energy consumption.,Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(保护区)(ANWR)to help secure Americas energy future?,President Bush,certainly thinks so.He has argued that,tapping ANWRs oil,would help ease Californias electricity crisis and provide a major,boost,to the countrys,energy independence,.,解题步骤,注意逻辑关系的运用（显性信息）,1.,表示,因果关系,的词或词组：,because；being that；another important factorreason of.；since；as；for；in that.；owing to；due to；for the reason that.；in view of；for this reason;therefore；consequently；as a result；hence；as a consequence；accordingly,等,2.,表示,目的关系,的词或词组：,for this purpose;in order that;in this way,so that;on that account;with a view to;for the samereason,等,解题步骤,3.,表示,转折关系,的词或词组：,but；even so；however；though；even though；despite that；in spite of.；regardless of;yet.；and yet,等,4.,表示,对比关系,的词或词组：,similarly;in comparison with；comparedwith；like.；likewise；similarlyimportant；.rather than,，,in the same way,等,解题步骤,5.,表示递进关系的词或词组：,furthermore；moreover；further；notonly.but also.；not.but.；in addition(to)；additionally,more specifically,besides；as far as.is concerned;moreover；in other words；on the onehand.，on the other hand.；even,等,题型分类及解题技巧,1.,细节题,2.,推理题,3.,主旨题,4.,观点态度题,题型分类及解题技巧,1.,细节题,所占比重最大，比较简单，易得分，考查具体事实及信息。这类问题不掺杂主观内容而是针对文章的某个具体细节的提问。,提问方式一般为：,When(Where,Who,Why,What,How)?,All of the following are mentioned in the passage except_.,According to the passage,the best answer to“”is_.,The author says“”because_.,题型分类及解题技巧,【解题技巧】,1.,根据题干关键词在原文中定位。,2.,只读题目出处内容。,3.,注意题目与原文的转换。,4.,识别细微之处的干扰。,5.,过于绝对的选项为答案的可能性较小。,题型分类及解题技巧,2.,推理题,与细节性问题相似，推理题也是对文章具体内容的判断。推理题是从已知的正确信息中去推理，而不是从未提及或曲解的信息中去推理。,这类题常见的提问方式有：,By saying,the author suggests that_.,It can be inferred from the passage that_.,It is implied but not directly stated that_.,From the passage we may conclude that_.,From the passage we have learned that_.,题型分类及解题技巧,【解题技巧】,1.,根据题干的关键词在原文中定位。,2.,不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案。,3.,注意原文中事实细节的干扰。,4.,理清上下文的逻辑关系。,5.,不要只在只言片语中寻找答案。,题型分类及解题技巧,3.,主旨题,对文章的主题或中心思想的提问，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。,提问方式：,Whats the main idea(subject,topic)of this passage?,What dose this passage mainly concerned?,The main theme(point)of this passage is _.,题型分类及解题技巧,Which of the following is the best title for the passage?,Whats the purpose of the writer in writing this passage?,Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole?,题型分类及解题技巧,【解题技巧】,1.,优先考虑概括性较强的选项。,2.,切忌选择内容片面的选项。,3.,重点阅读首尾段和各段的首尾句。,题型分类及解题技巧,4.,寻找文章或段落的主题句。,一般而言，主题句在句法结构上有以下特点：所表达的意思具有概括性；句子结构简单明了；文章或段落中的其他句子都是对该句的进一步解释、说明、论证或扩展。全文的主题句一般在第一段或第二段开头，段落的主题句一般在段落的开头。如果全文没有主题句，文章的主旨也往往可以根据各段的主题句归纳概括出来。,5.,注意出现频率较高的词语。,注意：如果文章主旨题出现在第一题，先不要做这道题，把后面的题做完后再回头做第一题，这样可以节省很多时间。,题型分类及解题技巧,4.,观点态度题,态度题要求我们对某人做某事的目的，观点和态度作出判断（赞同，反对，同情，表扬，失望，批判）。题干中经常出现,attitude、believe、consider,等词汇,这类问题的提问方式有：,1.Whats the tone of the passage?,2.The authors view(attitude)is_.,3.Whats the writers attitude to?,4.How dose the author feel about?,5.The author seems to agree with_,6.What is the authors opinion in this passage?,题型分类及解题技巧,【解题技巧】,态度题中常用的选项有：,positive(,积极的,),、,negative(,消极的,),、,neutral(,中立的,),、,approval(,赞成的,),、,disapproval(,不赞成的,),、,indifferent(,漠不关心的,),、,sarcastic(,讽刺的,),、,critical(,批评的,),、,optimistic(,乐观的,),、,pessimistic(,悲观的,),等。,1.,利用人名或组织机构进行定位。,2.,结合所举例子进行判断。,3.,熟悉具有感情色彩的词语。,题型分类及解题技巧,选项的陷阱：,无中生有；,断章取义；,偷换概念；,逻辑颠倒。,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,Section C,Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C.and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,Passage One,46.What do many researchers generally accept?,A)It is imperative to protect scientists patents.,B)Repositories are essential to scientific research.,C)Open data sharing is most important to medical science.,D)Open data sharing is conducive to scientific advancement.,Open data sharers are still in the minority in many fields.Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would accelerate science,most are reluctant to post the results of their own labors online.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,47.What is the attitude of most researchers towards making their own data public?,A)Opposed.B)Ambiguous.C)Liberal.D)Neutral.,Some communities have agreed to share onlinegeneticists,for example,post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository(,库,),，,and astronomers are accustomed to accessing images of galaxies and stars from,say,the Sloan Digital Sky Survey,a telescope that has observed some 500 million objectsbut these remain the exception,not the rule.Historically,scientists have objected to sharing for many reasons:it is a lot of work;until recently,good databases did not exist;grant funders were not pushing for sharing;it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data;and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,48.According to the passage what might hinder open data sharing?,A)The fear of massive copying.,B)The lack of a research culture.,C)The belief that research data is private intellectual property.,D)The concern that certain agencies may make a profit out of it.,But the barriers are disappearing,in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public.Last year,the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to“shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”.Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before.To match the growing demand,services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,49.What helps lift some of the barriers to open data sharing?,A)The ever-growing demand for big data.,B)The advancement of digital technology.,C)The changing attitude of journals and funders.,D)The trend of social and economic development.,But the barriers are disappearing,in part because journals and funding agencies worldwide are encouraging scientists to make their data public.Last year,the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to“shift away from a research culture where data is viewed as a private preserve”.Funding agencies note that data paid for with public money should be public information and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared digitally in ways that were not possible before.To match the growing demand,services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products online and enable other researchers to discover and cite them.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,50.Dryad serves as an example to show how open data sharing_.,A)is becoming increasingly popular,B)benefits sharers and users alike,C)makes researchers successful,D)saves both money and labor,Although calls to share data often concentrate on the moral advantages of sharing,the practice is not purely altruistic(,利他的,).Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits,including more connections with colleagues,improved visibility and increased citations.The most successful sharers those whose data are downloaded and cited the most oftenget noticed,and their work gets used.For example,one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world;it has been downloaded 5,700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass,to foresters looking for information on different grades of timber.“I,d much prefer to have my data used by the maximum number of people to ask their own questions,”she says.“It,s important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results.Publishing data and code allows your science to be reproducible.”,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,Passage Two,Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.,51.What does the author say about the shrinking spending of international tourists in the U.S.?,A)It is attributable to the rising value of the U.S.dollar.,B)It is a direct result of the global economic recession.,C)It reflects a shift of their interest in consumer goods.,D)It poses a potential threat to the retail business in the U.S.,Macys reported its sales plunged 5.2%in November and December at stores open more than a year,a disappointing holiday season performance that capped a difficult year for a department store chain facing wind-ranging challenges.Its flagship stores in major U.S.cities depend heavily on international tourist spending,which shrank at many retailers due to a strong dollar.Meanwhile,Macys has simply struggled to lure consumers who are more interested in spending on travel or dining out than on new clothes or accessories.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,52.What does Macys believe about its problems?,A)They can be solved with better management.,B)They cannot be attributed to weather only.,C)They are not as serious in its online stores.,D)They call for increased investments.,The company blamed much of the poor performance in November and December on unseasonably warm weather.“About 80%of our companys year-over-year declines in comparable sales can be attributed to,shortfalls,(,短缺,)in cold-weather goods,”said chief executive Terry Lundgren in a press release.This prompted the company to cut its forecasts for the full fourth quarter.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,53.In order to cut costs,Macys decided to _.,A)cut the salary of senior executives,B)relocate some of its chain stores,C)adjust its promotion strategies,D)reduce the size of its staff,However,its clear that Macys believes its troubles run deeper than a temporary,aberration,(,偏离,)off the thermometer.The retail giant said the poor financial performance this year has pushed it to begin implementing$400 million in cost-cutting measures.The company pledged to cut 600 back-office positions,though some 150 workers in those roles would be reassigned to other jobs.It also plans to offer“voluntary separation”packages to 165 senior executives.It will slash staffing at its fleet of 770 stores,a move affecting some 3,000 employees.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,54.Why does Macys plan to expand Bluemercury in 2016?,A)To experiment on its new business concept.,B)To focus more on beauty products than clothing.,C)To promote sales of its products by lowering prices.,D)To be more competitive in sales of beauty products.,Macys has been moving aggressively to try to remake itself for a new era of shopping.It has plans to open more locations of Macys Backstage,a newly-developed off-price concept which might help it better compete with ambitious T.J.Maxx.Its also pushing ahead in 2016 with an expansion of Bluemercury,the beauty chain it bought last year.At a time when young beauty shoppers are often turning to Sephora or Ulta instead of department store beauty counters,Macys hopes Bluemercury will help strengthen its position in the category.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,1,套）,55.What can we learn about Macys during the holiday season?,A)Sales dropped sharply its physical stores.,B)Its retail sales exceeded those of T.J.Maxx.,C)It helped Bluemercury establish its position worldwide.,D)It filled its stores with abundant supply of merchandise.,One relative bright spot for Macys during the holiday season was the online channel,where it rang up“double-digit”increases in sales and a 25%increase in the number of orders it filled.That relative strength would be consistent with what was seen in the wider retail industry during the early part of the holiday season.While Thanksgiving,Black Friday and Cyber Monday all saw record spending online,in-store sales plunged over the holiday weekend.,2017,年,6,月大学英语六级深度阅读真题（第,2,套）,Passage One,46.What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?,A)They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.,B)They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.,C)They came up with a brandnew set of design procedures.,D)They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.,We live today indebted to McCardell,Cashin,Hawes,Wilkins,and Maxwell,and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design.Independence came in tying,wrapping,storing,harmonizing,and rationalizing that wardrobe.These designers established the modern dress code,letting playsuits and other activewear outfits suffice for casual clothing,allowing pants to enter the wardrobe,and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress,in contradiction to dressing for an occasion