ClinicalPharmacy(临床药学英文版)PPT.ppt

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,ClinicalPharmacy(临床药学英文版),Clinical Pharmacy,Clinical pharmacy is defined as that area of pharmacy concerned with the science,and practice of rational medication use.,Clinical Pharmacy,Clinical Pharmacy includes all the services performed by pharmacists practising in hospitals,community pharmacies,nursing homes,home-based care services,clinics and any other setting where medicines are prescribed and used.,How does clinical pharmacy differ from pharmacy?,The discipline of pharmacy embraces the knowledge on synthesis,chemistry and preparation of drugs,Clinical pharmacy is more oriented to the analysis of population needs with regards to medicines,ways of administration,patterns of use and drugs effects on the patients.,The focus of attention moves from the drug to the single patient or population receiving drugs.,Goal,to promote the correct and appropriate use of medicinal products and devices.,These activities aim at:,maximising the clinical effect of medicines,minimising the risk of treatment-induced adverse events,minimising the expenditures for pharmacological treatments.,Action of Clinical Pharmacist,Clinical pharmacy activities may influence the correct use of medicines at three different levels:before,during and after the treatment.,Medical Team,Activities of Clinical Pharmacists,Consulting,Analysing therapies,advising health care practitioners on the correctness of drug therapy and providing pharmaceutical care to patients both at hospital and at community level.,Selection of drugs,Defining drug formularies or limited lists of drugs in collaboration with hospital doctors,general practitioners and decision makers.,Drug information,Seeking information and critically evaluating scientific literature;organising information services for both doctors and the patients.,Activities of Clinical Pharmacists,Drug use studies and research,Drug use studies/pharmacoepidemiology/outcome research/pharmacovigilance and vigilance in medicinal devices:collecting data on drug therapies,their costs and patient outcome through structured and scientific methods.,Pharmacokinetics/therapeutic drug monitoring,Studying the kinetics of drugs and optimising the dosage.,The clinical pharmacist monitors,detects and prevents,Medication related problems,.,Medication-related Problems,Untreated indications.,Improper drug selection.,Subtherapeutic dosage.,Medication Failure to receive,Medication Overdosage.,Adverse drug reactions.,Drug interactions.,Medication use without indication.,Activities of Clinical Pharmacists,Clinical Trials,Planning,evaluating and participating in clinical trials,Pharmacoeconomy,Using the results of clinical trials and outcome studies to determine cost-effectiveness evaluations.,Teaching&Training,Pre-and post-graduate teaching and activities to provide training and education programmes for pharmacists and other health care practitioners,Clinical Pharmacy Requirements,Knowledge of,nondrug therapy,Therapeutic,planning,skills,Drug Information,Skills,Physical,assessment,skills,Patient,monitoring,skills,Communication,skills,Knowledge of,laboratory,and diagnostic skills,Knowledge of,the disease,Knowledge of,drug therapy,Patient care,Education,Requires about 8 years of schooling,Massachusetts College of Pharmacy&Health Science,Salary,Average:$130,000/year,Outlook,25%,Increase expected between 2008 and 2018,SOURCE:U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,Employment Projections program,Thank you for your attention,！,