第二节工程技术2.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第二节,职业卫生工程技术,Engineering technology for occupational health,1,zhiping wang,Dep.of occupational health and occupational medicion,劳动卫生与职业病学系 王志萍,Engineering technology for occupational health 职业卫生工程技术,一,、industrial ventilation,工业通风,2,二,、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,三、control for industrial noise and,vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,一,、Industrial Ventilation,工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,3,（二）,classification,分类,ventilation of industrial workplaces,工业工作场所通风,4,contents 通风,包括,ventilation,通风,dedusting,除尘,elimination of toxicant,排毒,heatstroke prevention,and cooling,防暑降温,ventilation of industrial workplaces,工业工作场所通风,5,purpose 通风目的,to prevent the air contamination 防止空气被污染,in workshorp 室内,out workshorp 室外,dust 粉尘,hazards 有毒有害物质,ventilation of industrial workplaces,工业工作场所通风,6,mannner 通风手段,to caputure 捕获和收集（防止扩散）,to prevent contaminat 净化（防止污染）,dust 粉尘,hazards 有毒有害物质,一,、,工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,7,（二）,classfication,分类,by,working dynamic,按照工作动力,by aeratiom principle 按照换气原则,1.calassfication by working dynamic：,按工作动力分类,8,natural ventilation,自然通风,mechanical ventilation 机械通风,natural ventilation,自然通风,mechanism 原理,9,a kind of manner for ventilation by,air flow,使,空气流动,所形成的一种通风方式,wind pressure,from out workshorp,风压,室外风力,hot pressure,from air temperature between indoor and out door 热压,室内外空气的温差,natural ventilation,自然通风,condition,应用场景,14,lower concentration for dusts or toxicants 粉尘毒物低浓度,higher temperature or humidity 气温、湿度较高,economy 经济,valid 有效,natural ventilation,自然通风,field,应用领域,15,smelting 冶炼,rolling 轧钢,casting 铸造,forging and stamping 锻压,machinery 机械制造,heat treatment 热处理,natural ventilation,自然通风,disable,不适用的场景,16,air filtration or handling by technology 工艺要求空气过滤,fog from blast 进风引起雾,natural ventilation,自然通风,limitation,缺陷,17,wentilation,effectiveness,disabled due to changed,wind pressure,由于自然界风压变化通风效果难以保证,1.calassfication by working dynamic：,按工作动力分类,18,natural ventilation,自然通风,mechanical ventilation 机械通风,mechanical,ventilation,机械,通风,mechanism 原理,19,wind pressure,come from machine 压力来源于通风机,mechanical ventilation,机械,通风,condition,应用场景,20,higher concentration for dusts or toxicants 粉尘毒物高浓度,collection 收集,decontamination 净化,special requirement by technology 生产工艺特殊要求,一,、,工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,21,（二）,classfication,分类,by,working dynamic,按照工作动力,by aeratiom principle 按照换气原则,2.calassfication by,aeratiom principle,：,按换气原则分类,22,general ventilation,全面通风,local ventilation 局部通风,mixed ventilation,混合通风,general ventilation,全面,通风,definition,含义,23,genaral ventilation for wolhe workplace工作场所全面通风换气,fresh air replace of sordid air 新鲜空气代替污浊空气,air is to fit hygienic guideline 空气质量符合卫生国内标准,全面通风是指在一个工作场所内全面地进行通风换气，用新鲜空气稀释或全部替换工作场所内污浊空气，以使整个工作场所内的空气环境符合卫生标准。,general ventilation,全面,通风,condition,适用于,24,for the dusts or toxicants 有害物质,dispersion distribution 分布分散无法控制,instable 产生有害物质位置不固定,local ventilation,局部,通风,definition,含义,26,for satisfactory ventilation in local workplace 为建立良好局部空气环境,for collecting dusts or toxicants before diffusion 有害物质产生后在扩散前被收集,局部通风是指在作业环境某些局部地区建立良好空气环境或在有害因素扩散前将其从发生源排出以防其沿整个工作场所扩散的通风系统。,是一种经典的控制方法。,local ventilation,局部,通风,condition,适用于,27,for higher concentration of dusts or toxicants 有害物质,sepecial requirment in technology 特殊工艺要求,（1）局部送风（local dilution ventilation）,（2）局部排风（local exhaust ventilation）,（3）局部排风净化系统,a 排气罩,b 通风管道,c 净化设备,d 通风机,e 烟囱,2.calassfication by,aeratiom principle,：,按换气原则分类,31,general ventilation,全面通风,local ventilation 局部通风,mixed ventilation,混合通风,mixed ventilation,混合,通风,32,local ventilation+genaral ventilation,局部通风+全面通风,局部通风和全面通风同时使用是成为混合通风,一,、,工业通风,（一）,overview,概述,33,（二）,classfication,分类,by,working dynamic,按照工作动力,by aeratiom principle 按照换气原则,ventilation classfication,通风分类,34,natural wentilation,自然通风,mechanical ventilation,机械通风,general wentilation,全面通风,local ventilation,局部通风,engineering technology for occupatial health 职业卫生工程技术,一,、industrial ventilation,工业通风,36,二,、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,三、control for industrial noise and,vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,二、industrial dedusting,工业,除尘,（一）,overview,概述,37,（二）,classification for dedusting,technology,除尘技术,分类,dedusting 除尘,definition of dedusting“,除尘,”的含义,38,to,introduc,e the,dust gas,into,dust remover,using,one or several force,and,to,make particles,to,produce certain displacement,relative to its carrying airflow,in order to,separate,them,from the air,and,to,collect,them at the,trap,surface,in,fin,e,.,是将含尘气体引入具有一种或几种力作用的除尘器，使颗粒相对予其运载气流产生一定的位移，并从气流中分离出来，最终沉积到捕集体表面。,dedusting 除尘,the purpose for dedusting,除尘,目的,e,nvironmental protection,prevent and control pollution outside the,work,shop environment,环境保护,，防治污染车间外环境,39,dedusting 除尘,the fields for dedusting 除尘适用于作业,the capture and remove for the particles,颗粒物捕集与去除,40,smoke,in c,oal-fired boiler 燃煤锅炉烟气,tail ga,s in c,ement kiln,水泥窑炉尾气,smoke,in i,ron and steel smelting 钢铁冶炼烟尘,Loading and unloading and grinding process装卸与粉碎工艺,classification of dedusting technology,除尘技术,分类,classification of dedusting technology,除尘技术,分类,41,classification by,dust remover,根据除尘器,分类,classification for dedusting technology,除尘技术,分类,calassification for dust,remover,除尘器分类,42,1.,t,he gravity dust,remover 重力除尘器,2.,t,he inertia dust,remover 惯性除尘器,3.,t,he centrifugal force dust removal,离心力除尘器,4.,t,he wet dust remov,er 湿式除尘器,5.,e,lectrostatic dust remov,er 静电除尘器,6.,f,ilter dust removal,过滤,除尘器,1.,t,he gravity dust,remover 重力除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by gravity,43,gravity,settling chamber,重力沉降室,diameter 50,m,直径50,m,1.,t,he gravity dust,remover 重力除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by gravity,44,gravity,settling chamber,重力沉降室,diameter 50,m,直径50,m,2.,t,he inertia dust,remover 惯性除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by inertia,45,inertia,settling chamber,惯性沉降室,diameter 20,m,直径20,m,它是在气流中设置各种形式的挡板，利用尘粒的惯性作用使其和挡板发生碰撞而被分离。惯性除尘器主要用于净化密度和粒径较大的金属或矿物性粉尘，具有较高除尘率，一般用于多级除尘中的第一级除尘,3.,t,he centrifugal force dust removal,离心力除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by,centrifugal force,46,cyclone dust collector,旋风除尘器,diameter between 10-20,m,直径10-20,m,4.,t,he wet dust remov,er 湿式除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by,water,48,spray tower,喷淋塔,cyclonic water film deduster,旋风水膜除尘器,hazard,for,explosion,爆炸危险性粉尘,5.,e,lectrostatic dust remov,er 静电除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by,static electricity,49,electrostatic precipitators,电除尘器,6.,f,ilter dust removal,过滤除尘器,to,separate particles,from air,by,filter material,50,sack-duster,袋式除尘器,fine particle,细颗粒,higher efficient 高效,dust at,1m，,99,classification for dedusting technology,合理选用除尘器,53,t,he gravity dust,remover 重力除尘器,t,he inertia dust,remover 惯性除尘器,t,he centrifugal force dust removal,离心力除尘器,t,he wet dust remov,er 湿式除尘器,pretreatment,预处理,e,lectrostatic dust remov,er 静电除尘器,f,ilter dust removal,过滤,除尘器,special,特殊烟气,widely used,主流除尘器,Engineering technology for occupatial health 职业卫生工程技术,一,、industrial ventilation,工业通风,60,二,、industrial dedusting 工业除尘,三、control for industrial noise and,vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,三、control for industrial noise and vibration 工业噪声与振动控制,（,一）,n,oise control,噪声控制,（二）,v,ibration control,振动控制,61,n,oise control,噪声控制,Noise source,噪声源,Route of transmission,传播途径,The receiver,接收者,62,Source control,声源控制,Route of transmission,传播途径,控制,receiver,protect,tion,保护接收者,n,oise control,噪声控制,Source control,声源控制,63,1.,Reduce the radiation sound power of the sound source,降低声源的辐射声功率,i,mprove the equipment structure,改进设备结构,improve the quality of machining and assembly提高加工和装配质量,n,oise control,噪声控制,Source control,声源控制,64,1.,Reduce the radiation sound power of the sound source,降低声源的辐射声功率,2.Control the sound source of the sound radiation,控制声源的声辐射,sound absorption,吸声,sound insulation,隔声,vibration reduction,减振,n,oise control,噪声控制,Route of transmission,传播途径,控制,65,1.,Sound insulation,隔声,2.Sound absorption 吸声,Increase in the propagation of sound attenuation,reduce transport energy,增加声在传播过程中的衰减，减少传输能量,n,oise control,噪声控制,receiver,protect,tion,保护接收者,66,1.,Wear ear protectors,佩带护耳器（如耳罩或耳塞）,2.operate in isolation booth,隔声间操作,sound absorption,吸声,sound insulation,隔声,vibration reduction,减振,67,选择护听器,/,护耳器 标称,SNR:,单值降噪值,29dB,38dB,35dB,29dB,33dB,32dB,28dB,31dB,34dB,27dB,27dB,68,泡棉耳塞佩戴方法,69,1,2,3,泡棉耳塞佩戴方法,70,佩戴时间的重要性,佩戴时间,保护效果,dB(A),50,3,60,4,70,5,80,7,90,10,95,13,99,20,99.9,30,dB,有效防护,12,3,30,小时,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8,佩戴时间,戴一会儿总比不戴强是错误的,