四级翻译常用技巧.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,四级翻译常用技巧,Homework,1.East or west,home is the best.,2.The older,the wiser.,3.A bad thing never dies.,4.A clean hand wants no washing.,5.Clothes make the man.,作业要求：写出上述谚语的翻译，并注明翻译属于直译还是意译,。,1.East or west,home is the best.,直译：无论东方西方，家是最好的。,东好西好，不如自己的家好。,意译：金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝。,金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。,走遍大江南北，还是家里最好。,无论你身处何方，家都是你最好的港湾。,2.The older,the wiser.,直译：越老越聪明。,年级越大，越有智慧。,意译：姜是老的辣。,人老成精。,老马识途。,3.A bad thing never dies.,直译：坏事不消逝。,意译：遗臭万年。,祸害遗千年。,坏事传万年。,坏事臭万年。,坏事传千里。,4.A clean hand wants no washing.,直译：干净的手不需要洗。,意译：身正不怕影歪。,身正不怕影子斜。,清者自清。,不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。,做了坏事还想让自己的手干净，那是不可能的。,5.Clothes make the man.,直译：人靠衣装。,意译：人靠衣装，马靠鞍。,人要衣装，佛要金装,。,In-class Practice（意译）,(1)Every dog is a lion at home.,(2)Every mothers child is handsome.,(3)Every Jack has his Jill.,(4)Every day is not Sunday.,(5)Everything has its seed.,1)夜郎自大。,2）王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。/母不嫌子丑。,3）有情人终成眷属。,4）好花不常开，好景不常在。,5）无风不起浪。,三级翻译题型,题型：半句话翻译。,是2013年12月以前的四级题型,半句话翻译常考点：单词短语；句型；固定搭配。,复习建议：找到2013年12月之前的四级真题及模拟题，背诵,重点短语,和,句型,。,复习重点语法。,More Exercise(单词短语),1.Buying clothes _(是件很耗时的工作),because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.,2.When I was very young,I was terrible frightened of school,but I soon _（克服了这种心理）。,3.The sports meeting originally due to be held last Friday _,(最终因天气不好而取消了)。,is often a very time-consuming job,overcame it/got over it,was finally called off/canceled because of the bad weather,4.I _(将在做实验)from three to five this afternoon.,5.If this cant be settled reasonably,it may be necessary to _(诉诸武力)。,6.Mark often _（试图逃脱罚款）whenever he breaks traffic regulations.,will be doing/conducting the experiment,resort to force,attempts to escape being fined,7.Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _,_,_（想找麻烦）,8.Please dont stand in the kitchen,youre _(挡路了).,9.The old man _(谋生)by looking after a parking lot.,10.It may be necessary to stop _(每隔时间)in the,learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.,11.Children are very kind and honest _(天生).,to make trouble,in the way,made his living,at intervals,by nature,More Exercise(语法),1.His salary is _.(是我的两倍),倍数,2.Sound is a tool _(人们通过它互相,交流).,定语从句,3._(样样精通),is to know nothing.,不定式,two times/twice as much as mine,by,/through,which people communicate with each other,To know everything,4.Under no circumstance _,(允许游客在草地上行走).,5._(他们几乎连一片面包也,不浪费)they waste.,6.Four thousand dollars _(她付不起).（,主谓一致）,can visitors be allowed to walk on the grass,Hardly a slice of bread did,is more than she can afford,1.By the time you get to New York,I _(已经动身去)London。,2.If we hadnt made adequate preparations,_,（虚拟语气）,(会议是不会开得这么成功的).,3.,_,_ (正是由于她太没有,经验)that she does not know how to deal with the situation.,(强调句型),4.The room is in a terrible mess;it_(肯定没打扫过)。,(情态动词),shall have left for,the conference wouldnt have been so successful,It is because she is too inexperienced,cant have been cleaned,段落翻译（汉译英）,测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力。,分值比例：15%,考试时间：30分钟。,内容：中国历史、文化、经济、社会发展,长度：140-160个汉字（四级）；,180-200个汉字（六级）,四六级翻译题型,Vocabulary 词汇处理,General Vocabulary一般词汇,中国结(The Chinese Knot)最初是由,手工艺人,发明的，经过数百年不断的,改进,，已经成为一种,优雅多彩,的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于,装饰,的目的。“结”在中文里,意味着,爱情、婚姻和,团聚,。中国结常常作为礼物交换或作为饰品祈求好运和,辟邪,。这种形式的手工艺,代代相传,，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎,。,【2013.12四级真题二】,一般词汇：不少可以一词多译,改进：improvement/perfection,优雅多彩:elegant and colorful,装饰：decoration/embellishment,意味着：symbolize,stand for,represent,团聚：reunion/gathering,Practice,瓷器，和丝绸一样，是,享誉海外,的中国特产。,Chinaware,like silk,is a specialty of China which is,very famous overseas,.,/,enjoys a good/high reputation overseas,.,Specific vocabulary 专门词汇,中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝,感恩节,的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与,唐代,早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在,农历,八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的,文化遗产,，2008年又被定为,公共假日,，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。,专门词汇：较为固定的表达,感恩节：Thanksgiving Day,唐代：the Tang Dynasty,the,Tang Period?the Tang Era?the Tang Times?,农历：the lunar calendar,The Nong Calendar?The Moon Calendar?,文化遗产：cultural heritage,公共假日：public holiday,指南针,(compass),Guide South,N,eedle,South Tool,Ancient GPS,The tool that can tell directions,中国书法,(Chinese calligraphy),Chinese handwriting art,Chinese writing art,“原意损失最小原则”,“辟邪”,sweep away evil spirits,（邪灵）,（直译）,drive away misfortune(意译）,ward off bad luck（意译）,protect people from,对于,文化词（culture-loaded words),：吃透内涵，灵活处理,翻译中的词汇选择,学习,知识,学习,成绩,学习,雷锋,1.注意搭配,学习知识,：,在英语中可以,“,学习,”,的通常是具体的对象，如,learn English,。,而在英语语言国家中，知识是抽象的东西，不能和learn搭配,get/obtain/acquire knowledge,2.注意词性,学习成绩(学业的表现）,academic performance,3.,注意词语内涵,学习雷锋（效仿雷锋这一榜样,）,follow in the footsteps of Lei Feng,follow the example of Lei Feng,Prepare for Cet Translation,词汇句型准备,中国传统文化主题词汇与句型,四大发明：,四大名著：,琴棋书画：,唐诗宋词：,民间传说,国宝,文物,享有美誉,象征意义,丰富多彩,The Four Great Inventions,The Four Masterpieces,g,uqin,game of go,calligraphy and painting,p,oetry of the Tang and Song Dynasties,folk legend,n,ational treasure,c,ultural relics,e,njoy a good/high reputation,s,ymbolic meaning,rich and colorful,汉译英句子处理,汉译英基本技巧,1.增词法,2.减词法,3.词类转换法,4.语态转换法,5.合译法,6.逆向思维法（正说反译法；反说正译法）,7.变序法,Practice,兼职对学生很有用，他们不但能赚到钱，还可以获得职业经验。,Part-time jobs are very useful for students,because,they can not only earn money but also gain career experience.,Practice,1.,无知(ignorance)是恐惧的根源，也是钦佩(admiration)的根源。,I,gnorance is the mother of fear as well as admiration.,2.光阴似箭,岁月如梭,。,Time flies.,3.政府正试图解决失业问题。,The government is trying to reduce unemployment.,Practice,1.他的妹妹舞跳得很好。,2.违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款。,3.环保事业加快发展。,4.我们全体反对他的建议。,5.亚洲依然是世界上最具经济活力的地区。,1.His sister is,a brilliant dancer.舞跳得很好,2.The drivers will be fined by the police if they violate any traffic rules.,Violation of any traffic rules,will be fined by the police.,3.,The development of environmental protection,sped up.,加快发展,4.We,are all against,his suggestion.,反对,5.Economically,Asia is still the most dynamic region in the world.,最具经济活力,Practice,1）,春晚（,the Spring Festival Gala),由中央电视台播出。,The Spring Festival Gala,is broadcast,on CCTV.,2）,面子通常可理解为一个人名誉和声望,（prestige),。,Face,is commonly viewed as,a persons reputation and prestige.,3）,人们用春联,(Spring Festival couplets),来辟邪,。,Spring Festival couplets are used to drive away evil spirits.,汉语原句的主语为泛指的“人们”时，可将此主语省译，将句子改为被动语态。,5.合译,Practice,九寨沟气候宜人，夏季凉爽，冬无寒风。,Jiuzhaigou Valley enjoys a,pleasant,climate,which,is cool in summer,but,free from cold wind in winter.,王维，生于公元692年，卒于公元761年，蒲州人，唐代著名诗人、画家。,Wangwei(692-761)of Puzhou,was a renowned poet and painter of the Tang Dynasty.,皮影戏,（shadow play),是中国的一种民间艺术，拥有悠久的历史。,Shadow play is a form of Chinese folk art,with,a long history.,桂林位于广西东北部，面积有2.78万平方公里，人口500万。,Located in,the northeast of Guangxi,Guilin,covers an area,of 27,800 square kilometres,with a populat,ion of,5 million.,俗话说：“不到长城非好汉，不吃烤鸭真遗憾！”烤鸭是北京的地方风味，已有1600多年的历史。,As a Chinese saying goes,No visit to Beijing is complete if you miss seeing the Great Wall or dining on Beijing Roast Duck.,With a history of,over 1600 years,Roast Duck is the local flavour of Beijing.,6.逆向思维法,当心油漆未干！,As the saying goes,Men only shed tears when deeply hurt.,俗话说：“男儿有泪不轻弹，只因未到伤心处”。,英文习惯定语后置,广州的天气：,the weather in Guangzhou,世界上说得最多的语言,language spoken most frequently in the world,（过去分词短语和介词短语作后置定语）,需要做的工作,task to do（不定式做后置定语）,他曾就读的大学是所名校,The university,in which,he has studied is a famous one.,总结,:,英汉差异,1.,中文多短句，英文多长句。,2.,中文重内在逻辑，英文重形式逻辑。,3.,中文喜重复，英文喜省略。,4.,中文定语多前置，英文定语常后置。,5.,英文中被动语态出现频率比中文中的高。,中国石狮,石狮（stone lion)是中国传统建筑中常见的装饰，于汉朝,传入,中国。在中国文化中，狮子被当成,神兽,。人们喜欢在大门前摆放石狮来驱邪。,The stone lion,which was introduced into China in the Han Dynasty,is a common ornament in Chinese traditional architecture.In Chinese culture,lion is regarded as a holy beast.Therefore,Chinese people like to place stone lions in front of their gates to drive away evil spirits.,1)时态,2）语态,3）从句 A（状语从句）,从句 B（定语从句）,从句 C（名词性从句：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句）,4）特殊句型：倒装句，省略句，强调句,5）非谓语动词(不定式，动名词，分词）,6）虚拟语气,