四级阅读-1.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,四级阅读 1,遇到生词就发蒙，影响情绪,长句结构复杂，不知所云,不知答案在哪里找，只能草草作答,文章读懂了，但是题目却做不对,时间不够，文章来不及读,困惑,得阅读者得天下,根 源,基本功掌握不扎实,1,对四级考试阅读题型的特点不够了解,2,缺乏对答题技巧的掌握,3,高质量的模拟练习还不够,4,5,缺乏坚定的信念和毅力,基本功是解题的根本,词汇量是基础,1.,必须牢牢掌握四级英语考试大纲规定的词汇。,2.,要灵活运用、不应死记硬背。英语中的一词多义现象很普遍，同一单词在不同语境下会有不同的意思，大家可以通过阅读文章，把词汇放在,语境,之中来巩固词汇。,3.,不应忽视掌握英语,短语,。四级英语阅读中会大量出现短语。有些短语的意思和构成该短语的单词的字面意思相去甚远，较难掌握，而这又恰恰是考试的重点，因此，熟练掌握考纲规定的短语也是考生必须具备的能力。,4.,适当扩充,词汇量,。通过课外阅读英文报刊、浏览英文网站，观看英文电影等方式逐步增加词汇储备，经过积累会在阅读时得心应手。,句法是关键,1.,环环相扣型,指一个长句子有诸多定语从句和同位语或状语从句环环相扣而成。,06/2012,CET4,Facebook is a handy site,but Im upset by the idea,that my information is in the hands of people,I dont trust.,主句,同位语从句,定语从句,Facebook,是很方便，但是一想到我的个人信息掌握在我不信任的人手里，我就忐忑不安,。,2.,主谓分离型,主语和谓语动词间经常被插入语分离，其标志是双逗号。,Tony Little,headmaster of Eton,warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.,伊顿公学校长托尼,.,利特乐警告说，英国现有的教育体系正在毁掉男生，因为当前的教育过于关注女生。,06/2012,CET4,Its original business model,which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page,totally failed.,主语,谓语,它最初的商业模式包括出售广告以及将广告置于页边，这已经完全失败了,。,基本原则,先找主,-,谓,-,宾,再找定,-,状,-,补,阅读理解题量分值分布,时间：,40,分钟；分值：,248.5,（,35%,）,快速阅读（,1,篇）,10,题,71,分,15,分钟,篇章词汇（,1,篇）,10,题,71,分,10,分钟,篇章阅读（,2,篇,)10,题,106.5,分,15,分钟,阅读理解选材特点,在体裁方面，主要是以实用性强的议论文、说明文、新闻评述、报刊评论为主，来源是英语国家原版报刊或书籍，绝大多数是,评论性,文章。,在题材方面，篇章阅读选材非常广泛，内容涉及人文社科类和自然科普类，主要突显近几年的社会热点问题，尤其是西方国家如英、美广泛关注的,社会话题和热点问题。,阅读理解五大题源报刊,Newsweek,新闻周刊,The New York Times,纽约时报,New Scientist,新科学家,Time,时代周刊,The Washington Post,华盛顿邮报,篇章阅读解题步骤,第一步：看题干，定位题干关键词；,第二步：读文章，把握文章大意；,第三步：回看题，原文定位答案；,第四步：核选项，保证万无一失。,篇章阅读,5,种常考题型,主旨大意题,事实细节题,推理判断题,词汇语义题,观点态度题,主旨大意题,主旨大意题的目的在于测试考生理解整篇文章或者整个段落的主旨要义，区分,主要信息,和,次要信息,的能力。,根据问题内容的不同，这类问题可分为,主题型,、,标题型,和,目的型。,常见命题方式,提问文章中心思想,The passage is,mainly,about,What is the,main,idea of the passage?,What does the passage,mainly,discuss?,Model Test 1&2,66.The passage is written,mainly,to_,61.What is the passage,mainly,about?,2,.,提问文章的标题,What is the,best title,for the passage?,The passage could be,entitled,Which title,suits this passage best?,3.,提问写作目的,The,purpose,of this passage is,Which of the following is the authors main,purpose,in the passage?,What is the main,purpose,of the passage?,解题技巧,找主旨句,主旨句体现整篇文章的主题思想，反映作者写作意图。,说明性及论述性文章中，主旨句常出现在,首段第一句或者最后一句,；,归纳性以及推理性文章中，主旨句一般出现在,末段,。,2.,总结各段落大意并相加,有的文章没有明确的主旨句，这就需要大家在,理解各段大意,、,分析段落之间逻辑关系,的基础上，,总结,出文章所表达的中心思想。,06/2008,CET4,61,.What is the,message,the author intends to convey?,A)Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.,B)The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology,C)The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.,D)People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming.,(Para.1)Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21,st,century,but regardless of whether it is or isnt we wont do much about it.,(Para.5)The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster,the only solution is new technology.,事实细节题,事实细节题是针对文章中的具体细节或重要信息所涉及的题目。,这类题目一般涉及,when,where,what,who,which,why,和,how,内容的问题。,常见命题方式,The reason foris that,According to the passage,why(when,what,who,how,etc.),The purpose of was,We learn from the beginning of the passage that,Model Test 1,58.What do we know about Africa,Latin America and India?,59.The Text4baby program is aimed at helping pregnancy women_.,60.What is the purpose of the Text4baby program?,61.Compared with the U.S.,most Western European nations_.,62.Project X is intended for helping the young African immigrants to_.,63.How well the members learn in the Project X program is demonstrated by_.,64.What do we know about the Imagination Stage?,65.According to the author,what Franck Ketchouang wrote was_.,06/2012,CET4,58.In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because_.,59.In addition to job losses,what stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce?,12/2011,CET4,What does the author say about vacationing?,66.The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should_.,解题技巧,一般来说此类题的答案均可在文章中找到答案。但是答案的表述常常不是文章中的原话，而是使用同义的词语或句子进行表述即对原句子改写。,因此，在回答此类问题时，应首先仔细,审题画出关键词,，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给的,四个选项画出关键词,，再利用关键词,回文章中定位,，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，分别与四个选项进行一一,对照,，以,确定正确答案,。,掌握命题点,由于这类问题常常涉及时间、地点、人物、数据及重要事实中的具体信息，如对于事件或者现象出现的原因和结果等细节的理解，所以应掌握常见的命题点。,在阅读文章的过程中，对重要细节做出,标记,，可有效提高解题的速度和准确率。,1.,转折,转折是指由,however,nevertheless,but,yet,in fact,等词引导出的句子，其前面的内容往往只是起铺垫作用，,后面才是作者想要表达的关键信息,。,06/2010,CET4,61,.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?,There is still a good chance of their being recovered.,B)There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.,C)They have stopped sending homing signals.,D)They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.,Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447,which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009,are in water nearly that deep,statistics say theyre still likely to turn up.,but,2,.,因果与条件,因果关系与条件关系在联系上下文的逻辑关系中处于重要地位。,表因果关系的词汇及短语,名词：,reason,cause,result,consequence,动词及动词短语：,cause,result in,arise from,attributeto,be responsible for,be due to,连词、介词及副词：,because,since,for,as,therefore,so,thus,why,with,consequently,06/2012 CET4,61,.,What can be inferred from the last paragraph?,A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.,B)Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.,C)Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.,D)A stable family is the best protection against poverty.,Todays economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably ruined.,its only when the economy is healthy again that well begin to see just how many broken families have been created.,So,63,.,What does the author say about most Facebook users?,They care very little about their personal information.,They are reluctant to give up their personal information.,They dont know their personal data enriches Facebook.,They dont identify themselves when using the website.,Most Facebook users dont realize this is happening.Even if they know what the company is up to,they still have no idea what theyre paying for Facebook,people dont really know what their personal data is worth.,because,3.,对比,当文章中涉及两种情况、两个方面或者两种态度时，应特别注意理清其中的对比关系。,常见的结构,：,morethan,in contrast with,notbut,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,compared with,12/2011,CET4,64,.The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession_.,divorce and separation rates increase.,conflicts between couples tend to rise.,it is more expensive for couples to split up.,couples show more concern for each other.,A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22%said they were,arguing more with their partners,because of concerns about money.,06/2012 CET4,58,.,In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because_.,living separately would be too costly,starting a new family would be hard,they wanted to better protect their kids,they expected things would turn better,By 1932,when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed,the divorce rate had declined by around 25%from 1929.this doesnt mean people were sudden happier with their marriages.,with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs,unhappy couples often couldnt afford to divorce.,But,Rather,Model Test 1,61,.,Compared with the U.S.,most Western European nations_.,have higher infant death rates,do better on infant death rates,do more studies on Text4baby,pay less attention toText4baby,Currently the U.S.ranks 30,th,worldwide for infant death rate,according to Meehan,most Western European nations.,behind,推理判断题,推理判断题是对文章的某个句子、段落或整篇文章的,含义,或,言外之意,所设的问题。,这类试题的答案在文章中没有直接的文字表述，难度较大,。,常见命题方式,Which of the following can be,inferred,from the passage?,It can be,inferred,from the passage that,It can be,concluded,from the passage that,The author,suggests,that,What can be,concluded,from the passage?,What would the next paragraph,probably,deal with?,解题技巧,根据选项中的,关键词定位,至相关段落或语句，据其字面意思，进行,分析、推理、归纳文章潜在的含义,，做出正确合理的判断。,碰到考查细节的地方，尤其注意,不要以偏概全,，不要把文章中的细节作为结论，一定要经过慎重整理再确定正确答案。,06/2011 CET4,59,.,What does the Indiana University study show?,Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.,Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.,Roommates of different races just dont get along.,Assigning students lodging randomly is not a good policy.,An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were,three times as likely as,two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.,印第安纳州立大学的研究结果：到学期末时，不同种族的室友不再住宿在一起的几率是同为白人的两位室友的三倍。,06/2010,CET4,66,.What do we learn from the last paragraph?,The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.,B)Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.,C)Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.,D)People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.,The paper provides support for newer forms of,psychotherapy,that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them.In the fighting,we not only often fail but can make things worse.,Meditation,techniques,in contrast,can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger,more realistic perspective.,词汇语义题,词汇语义题不同于一般的词汇测试题，它测试考生是否具备推测某个超纲词或某个短语在特定语境中特定含义的能力。,常见命题方式,According to the author,the word“”means,What is the possible meaning of the word“”in line?,Which is the probable definition of the word“”?,In linethe phrase“”could be replaced by,By“”,the author probably means,Which of the following is closest in meaning to“”?,In linethe word“”refers to,解题技巧,1.,运用,词汇的同义、反义,关系,文中有时出现的,that is to say,in other words,that is,namely,等往往可以提供生词的确切含义。,另外还可以根据一些标点符号，如破折号、冒号和括号所引出的对前文内容的解释，来理解相关词汇或短语的含义,。,有时通过,上下文的转折关系,，如,however,but,whereas,on the other hand,in contrast,rather than,instead,等连词、短语或副词所提供的相反的信息来确定某个生词的含义。,2,.,结合常识，,联系上下文,进行逻辑推理。,Model Test 1,57,.The word“harness”in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by“_”.,take advantage of,be independent of,produce an effect on,expand the range of,利用,独立于,给,带来效果,扩大范围,The so-called text4baby campaign is the first free,health education program in the U.S.to,harness,the reach of mobile phones,according to its sponsors.,06/2011,CET4,58,.What does Sam Boakyes remark mean?,White students tend to look down upon their black peers.,Black students can compete with their white peers academically.,Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.,Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.,In a New York Times article,Sam Boakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that“if youre surrounded by whites,you have something to prove.”,“如果你的周围都是白人学生，那么你需要证明点什么。”,-,言外之意就是，周围的白人会激励黑人学生去努力学习。,12/2011,CET4,63,.What does the author mean by saying“money is known to bring a relationship to its knees”(Line1,Para.2)?,Money is considered to be the root of all evils.,Few people can resist the temptation of money.,Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.,Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.,Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees,we should be grateful.,A recent research show arguments about money were especially damaging to couples.(line5,Para.2),观点态度题,观点态度题考查考生根据文章的内容、写作方法以及遣词造句，就作者对于某个问题的观点、态度或作品的风格做出评价的能力。,命题方式,Which of the following can best describe the authors attitude towards?,Tone of the passage can best be described as,What is the tone of the passage?,What does the author think of?,According to the passage,what is the authors opinion about?,解题技巧,作者的观点态度,词汇的选择在很大程度上奠定了文章的基调，表达出作者的观点态度。因此，在解答此类问题时，必须在掌握文章主旨大意的基础上，认真,分析作者的措辞,，,把握文章的语气,，确定作者的观点态度。,常见的表观点态度的词汇,褒义,：,supportive,positive,approving,favorable,enthusiastic,optimistic,concerned,sympathetic,etc.,贬义,：,negative,critical,ironic,disappointed,depressed,pessimistic,indifferent,etc.,中性,：,subjective,objective,neutral,matter-of-fact,informative,descriptive,etc.,06/2009,CET4,61,.What does the author think of green fashion?,Green products will soon go mainstream.,B)It has a very promising future.,C)Consumers have the final say.,D)It will appeal more to young people,By her own admission,green just isnt yet on her mind.But the combined efforts of designers,retailers and suppliers one day it will be,.,thanks to,文章中所涉及的某个（些）人的观点态度,根据题干中的关键词在原文中找到相应的句子，这类句子中常含有表达观点的词，如：,suggest,believe,claim,state,argue,suppose,think,等。,06/2011 CET4,64,.What does Dr.Pielke say about the Forums report?,Its statistics look embarrassing.,It is invalid in terms of methodology.,It deserves our closest attention.,Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.,Roger Pielke Jr.,said the Forums report,was“a methodological embarrassment,”,because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses,But the report,he said,“will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed.”,12/2011,CET4,65,.What does Kim Stephenson believe?,Money means a great deal to both men and women.,Men and women spend money on different things.,Money is often a symbol of a persons status.,Men and women view money in different ways.,Kim Stephenson,an occupational psychologist,believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes,which may be different things to men and women.,WISH YOU GOOD LUCK!,CET-4,