高考英语语法专题复习代词.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语,语法,专题复习系列课件,1/94,代 词,2/94,1,、人称代词替换和转换,;,2,、物主代词性；,3,、,else,使用方法；,4,、不定代词使用方法比较,;,5,、,it,使用方法；,高考考点分析,3/94,人称代词和物主代词,4/94,人称代词指代问题,问题,1,：,It was _ who did it,but it was _ that we are talking about.,A.he she B.him her C.him she D.he her,解析：,人称代词主格在句子中,作主语或表语,，比如：,John waited a while but eventually,he,went home.,约翰等了一会儿，最终他回家了。人称代词宾格在句子中作,宾语或介词宾语,，但在口语中也能作,表语,，第一人称在省略句中，还能够作,主语,，比如：,I saw,her,with,them,at least,I thought it was,her,.,问题中前后两个分句都是强调句，前面代词作,did it,主语，而后面代词作,talking about,宾语。,D,5/94,2,）在使用人称代词时，要注意其人称、数和格一致。如：,Jim and,I,saw the man passing by.,Between you and,me,he stole a lot of money from somewhere.,(,私下跟你说吧，不知他从哪里偷了一大笔钱呢。,),He asked three of us,John,Joan and me,to have dinner with,him.,Meat and fish are more expensive than,they,used to be.,不定代词,anybody,，,everybody,，,nobody,，,anyone,，,someone,，,everyone,，,no one,，及,whoever,和,person,在正,式场所使用时，可用,he,his,him,代替。,Nobody,came,did,he,?,谁也没来，是吗,?,6/94,2.,人称代词之主、宾格替换,问题,2,：,Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.,Why,?John is sitting there doing nothing.,（,03,全国卷）,A,himB,heC,I D,me,解析：,在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在,not,后，,多用宾格。,-I like English.,-,我喜欢英语。,-,Me,too.,-,我也喜欢。,-Have more wine?,-,再来点酒喝吗,?,-Not,me,.,-,我可不要了。,D,7/94,解析：,口语中，单独说,“,我,”,时，普通用,me,。这也是一道经典情景类题目。解答这个问题凭借不是语法知识或者语法能力，而是实际使用语言能力。当前中学生极少有机会在真实交际中使用英语，所以，刻意地去注意、去了解以英语为母语人在交际中一些习惯表示方式就显得尤其必要和主要。,答案：,D,8/94,问题,3,：,-May I speak to John?-This is _ speaking.,A.heB.hisC.himD.himself,解析：,a.,在介词,but,，,except,后，有时可用主格代替宾格。,All but _ to the concert tomorrow.,A.he and I am going B.he and I are going,C.he and me are goingD.his and me am going,b.,在电话用语中惯用主格。,-I wish to speak to Mary.-,我想和玛丽通话。,-This is she.,-,我就是玛丽。,A,B,9/94,人称代词使用方法,1,人称代词作主语时用主格形式，作宾语时用宾格形式。,10/94,这么考过,(,湖南,),Our neighbors gave _ a baby bird yesterday that hurt _ when it fell from its nest.,A,us;it B,us;itself,C,ourselves;itself D,ourselves;it,解析：,句意：我们邻居昨天送给我们一只幼鸟，那只幼鸟从鸟巢摔了下来，受伤了。依据句意，第一个空应填,us,作宾语。从句中句子主语是,bird,，所以用反身代词,itself,作,hurt,宾语。,答案：,B,11/94,2,并列主语或宾语次序是：,you,，,he,/she and I,；,we,，,you and they,。但表示认可错误或负担责任时要说,I,，,you and he/,she,。,12/94,这么考过,(,广州,),Do you really believe that Mr White has blamed us for the accident,，,especially_,？,A,me and you B,I and you,C,you and I D,you and we,解析：,作,blame,宾语，所以都应该用宾格形式。,答案：,A,13/94,3,注意约定俗成使用方法或习惯使用方法：人称代词在对话中单独使用时，普通不用主格，用宾格。,Who is it,？是谁呀？,Its me.,是我。,14/94,3.,物主代词性,问题,4,：,-Is this camera like Bills and Anns?,-No,but its almost the same as _.(1994)A.her B.yours C.them D.their,B,解析：,形容词性物主代词修饰名词，不能独用,;,名词性物主代词在使用方法上相当于省略了中心名词,-s,全部格结构，比如：,That is my book.That book is mine.,Theirs is a very large university.,另外，在动名词前常加上形容词性物主代词组成动名词复合结构。如：,Would you mind,my opening,the window?,15/94,(,湖南长郡中学,),I shall leave everything to him during my absence.After all,，,he is _.,A,one my friend B,a friend of me,C,mine friend D,a friend of mine,答案：,D,16/94,4.,反身代词,通常作宾语、表语和同位语。,a.,作宾语：有些动词需有反身代词,enjoy,help,amuse,娱乐,blame,dry,cut,hurt,introduce,behave,dress,keep,We enjoyed,ourselves,very much last night.,Please help,yourself,to some fish.,b.,作表语；,be oneself:,I am not myself today.,我今天不舒适。,c.,作同位语,The thing itself is not important.,事情本身并不主要。,17/94,反身代词使用方法,1,置于句中名词或代词后面，表示“自己，本人，亲自”，以加强语气。也能够放在句尾。,18/94,这么考过,(,江西,),Isnt it amazing how the human body heals_ after an injury?,A,himself B,him,C,itself D,it,解析：,句意：人身体在受伤之后会自动痊愈，这不令人惊奇吗？,the human body,反身代词显然是,itself,。,答案：,C,19/94,2,反身代词还能够与一些动词或介词搭配，组成习惯用语。,by oneself,亲自，独自地；,for oneself,为自己；,of oneself,自动地；,to oneself,暗自；,enjoy oneself,玩得高兴；,dress oneself,自己穿上衣服；,help yourself to,自取，随便吃一点,；,talk to oneself,自言自语；,make oneself understood,使自己让他人了解；,teach oneself,自学。,20/94,(,湖南,),Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems _ themselves and solve their problems _ themselves.,A,to;by B,by;to,C,for;to D,in;on,解析：,句意：大部分美国人愿意有问题自己担着而且靠自己来处理。,have/keep.to oneselfnot shared with anyone else,独享，,by,后接反身代词则表示,“,由自己来做,”,。,答案：,A,21/94,不定代词的用法,22/94,A,、,some/any,问题,1,Theres_ cooking oil left in the house.Would you go to the corner store and get_?,（,04,北京）,A.little;someB.little;any,C.a little;someD.a little;any,问题,2,I asked him for some oil,but he hadnt _.(1986)A.any B.some C.no D.anything,A,A,23/94,说明：,some “,一些”，普通用于必定句中。,1),可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。,2),当做“,某一,”解时，也可与,单数名词,连用。,(=a certain),You will be sorry for this some day.,A certain(some)person has seen you break the rule.,注意,：,some,用于其它句式中,:,a.,必定疑问句中：说话人认为对方答案会是必定，,或期望得到必定回答时。,Would you like,句式中，表委婉请求或提议，如：,Would you like some coffee?,b.,在条件状语从句中表示确定意义时，如：,If you need some help,，,let me know.,24/94,c.some,位于主语部分,Some students havent been there before.,d.,当否定是整体中部分时，,some,可用于否定句。如：,I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.,这些年我没有收到一些老朋友信,any,“,一些”，多用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。当表示“任何一个”意思时，,any,可用于必定句。,Here are three novels.You may read any.,这有三本小说，你可任读一本。,25/94,这么考过,(,陕西,),Jane was asked a lot of questions,，,but she didnt answer _ of them.,A,other B,any,C,none D,some,解析：,句意：,Jane,被问了很多问题，但她一个都没回答出来。首先排除,A,项，因为没有,“,other of.,”,形式；设空处前有否定词,not,，依据句意，排除,C,项；,some of.,中一些，不合句意，故被排除；,any,与,not,连用表全部否定；符合句意。,答案：,B,26/94,问题,3,：,We havent enough books for,;some of you will have to share.,（,05,全国卷,1,）,A,somebody B,anybody C,everybody D,nobody,C,注意,：,some,any,every,所组成合成不定代词不能与,of,连用，只有分开才可接,of,短语。如：,some one of us;every one of them,但要注意：,none of them(no one,后不接,of,短语,),27/94,一、不定代词使用方法,1,one,使用方法,(1)one,泛指“人们”，“一个人”，“任何人”。,(2),泛指同类事物中一个，用于代替句中或上文已出现过可数名词单数，以防止重复。其复数形式为,ones,。,the one,相当于,that,；,the ones,相当于,those,。,28/94,B,、,one,，,that,和,it,问题,1,：,Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_ I will always treasure.,（,02N,）,that,one,it,what,问题,2,：,The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.(N),A.theyB.itC.oneD.which,问题,3,：,I prefer a flat in Inverness to _in Perth,because I want to live near my Moms.,（,05,天津卷）,A.one B.that C.it D.this,问题,4,：,Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do.(05,江西卷,),A,oneB,onesC,itD,those,B,B,A,B,29/94,说明：,one,表示泛指，,that,和,it,表示特指。,that,与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而,it,与所指名词为同一个。,I cant find my hat.I think I must buy,one,.,(,不定,),我找不到我帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。,The hat you bought is bigger than,that,I bought.,(,同类但不一样个,),你买那顶帽子比我买大。,I cant find my hat.I don t know where I put,it,.,(,同一物,),我找不到我帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了,30/94,这么考过,(,全国,),The CDs are on sale,！,Buy one and you get _ completely free.,A,other,B,others,C,one D,ones,解析：,句意：,CD,减价销售了！买一赠一。此处,one,用来替换,a CD,。,答案：,C,31/94,2,both,，,either,，,neither,使用方法,词汇,both,either,neither,词义,二者都,二者中任何一个,二者中都不,作主语时谓语动词形式,复数,单数,单数,作定语时所修饰名词形式,复数,单数,单数,惯用搭配,both,and,(,谓语动词用复数,),either.or,neither.nor,谓语动词采取就近一致标准,32/94,这么考过,(,上饶模拟,),Peter didnt choose _ of the ties and went away without looking at a third one.,A,every,B,any,C,all D,either,解析：,考查不定代词。据句意,.a third one,，可知所给范围是两个。选,D,，,not either,neither,。,A,“,每个,”,，形容词；,B,指三个或三个以上；,C,项,not all,为部分否定。,答案：,D,33/94,(,北京,),It was hard for him to learn English in a family,，,in which _ of the parents spoke the language.,A,none B,neither,C,both D,each,34/94,解析：,句意：他在这么一个家庭里学习英语极难，因为在这个家庭里父母双方都不说英语。依据题干中,the parents,，可排除,A,项,(,三者或三者以上都不,),；,C,项指“二者都,”,，,D,项指,“,二者或二者以上每个人,/,物,”,，因为,C,、,D,两项都表必定意思，也被排除。,neither,指,“,两个都不,”,。,答案：,B,35/94,3,all,，,none,，,no one,使用方法,注意：,短语,none other than,意指,“,不是他人，正是,”,词汇,all,none,no one,词义,(三者或三者以上)“全部”,(,三者或三者以上,),都不,没有些人,作主语时,谓语动词形式,指代可数名词时，用复数；,指代不可数名词时，用单数。,指代可数名词时，单复数皆可；,指代不可数名词时，用单数。,单数,作定语修饰名词,能够,不能够,不能够,与,of,连用,能够,能够,不能够,36/94,(,上海,),Wow,！,Youve got so many clothes.,But _ of them are in fashion now.,A,all B,both,C,neither D,none,解析：,句意：,哇！你衣服真多啊。,不过没一件是跟得上时尚。依据句意，,but,引导转折句，空格处应用否定词,none,。,答案：,D,37/94,(,全国,),Charles was alone at home,，,with _ looking after him.,A,someone B,anyone,C,not one D,no one,解析：,句意：查尔斯独自一人在家，没有些人照料他。,no one,nobody,没有些人。,答案：,D,38/94,4.other,，,the other,，,another,，,others,，,the others,使用方法,注意：,“,any other,名词单数”表示“,(,一个范围中,),其它任何一个”；“,another,数词复数可数名词”结构表示在原有基础上需要更多数量东西。,词汇,other,the other,another,others,the others,词义,另一个另一些,(两上中)另一个；,(三者或三者以上)另一个,他人，别东西,(某一范围内)其余全部,指代,泛指,特指,泛指,泛指,特指,39/94,5,few,，,a few,，,little,，,a little,使用方法,注意：,not a little,意思是,“,非常,”,，后面跟形容词。,必定,a few(,有几个,),a little(,有一些,),否定,few(,几乎没有,),little(,几乎没有,),修饰词,修饰可数名词复数,修饰不可数名,词或抽象名词,40/94,这么考过,(,北京,),He has made a lot of films,，,but _ good ones.,A,any,B,some,C,few D,many,解析：,依据,but,转折语气可知用,few,表示否定。,答案：,C,41/94,6,someone,等复合代词使用方法,指人,指物,用于肯,定句,用于否定句或疑问句,通用,用于必定句,用于否定句或疑问句,通用,someone somebody,anyone anybody,everyone everybody no one,，,nobody,something,anything,everything nothing,42/94,(,重庆联考,)Whos knocking at the door?,Maybe _ wanting to sell some new products.,A,everybody B,anybody,C,somebody D,nobody,解析：,依据问句可知对方问是谁在敲门，答语意思是,“,可能是某个想出售某种新产品人,”,，所以用,somebody,，表示,“,某个人,”,。,答案：,C,43/94,7.,复合代词分写与合写区分图示,复合形式,分写形式,复合形式,复合形式,everyone,every one,everybody,，,anybody,everything,，,anything,someone,some one,somebody,something,anyone,any one,nobody,nothing,指人，后面不接,of,短语,指人或物，后面可接,of,短语,指人，后面不接,of,短语,指物，后面不接,of,短语,44/94,这么考过,(,宁波质检,),Do you have _ for the party,，,Mary?,No,，,we still have to get another five chairs and some fresh flowers.,A,something,B,everything,C,anything D,nothing,解析：,everything,表示,“,全部一切,”,。由答语知问句是说,“,你为晚会准备好全部东西了吗？,”,故选,B,。,答案：,B,45/94,(,锦州二模,)Im afraid I have to go out now.If _ phones,，,tell _ Ill be back later.,A,anyone;them B,someone;it,C,everyone;them D,anyone;it,解析：,第二个空用,them,指代,anyone,，英语中当指代既可能是男人也可能是女人词时，普通用,they,，,them,或,their,。,答案：,A,46/94,8,部分否定与全部否定,英语中概括词,all,，,every,，,both,以及与,every,组成合成词和,not,连用时，表示部分否定，常译成“并非,都”。,47/94,这么考过,(,广西桂林一模,),I think the whole class is going on a field trip next Friday.,Im not sure._has paid the transportation fee.,A,None of them B,No one,C,Not every one D,Neither of them,解析：,none,指,“,三者或者三者以上人或者物中没人，没有任何东西,”,，表示全部否定；,neither,指,“,两个人或者物中一个也不，二者都不,”,，表否定意义，作主语时,48/94,谓语动词用单数形式；,no one“,没有些人，谁也不,”,，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，惯用往返答,who,引导问句；,every one,“,每个,”,，指人或者物均可，与,not,连用表示部分否定。总而言之，只有,C,项符合题意。,答案：,C,49/94,D,、,anyone/any one,；,no one/none,；,nothing,问题,1,：,Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do.,（,04,湖南）,A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing,问题,2,：,We havent enough books for,;some of you will have to share.,（,05,全国卷,1,）,A,somebody B,anybody C,everybody D,nobody,问题,3,：,She doesnt know anyone here.She has got_to talk to.,（,04,广东）,A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.no one,B,C,D,50/94,1.anyone,和,any one,anyone,仅指人,不与,of,连用；,any one,既可指人,也可指物。,2.no one,和,none,a)none,后跟,of,短语，既可指人又可指物，而,no one,只,单独使用，只指人。,b)none,作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而,no one,作,主语，谓语动词只能是单数。,None of you could lift it.,你们中没有些人可举起它。,-Did any one call me up just now?,-No one.,none,和,nothing,none,只指量，指所指一类人或物中一个都没有；,nothing,泛指，什么东西都不存在。后面不接,of,短语。如：,-Are there any eggs in the fridge?,-None.In fact,there is nothing in the fridge.,51/94,E,、,every,和,each,问题：,_ he goes out for some food.,A.Every a few daysB.Every few daysC.Each few daysD.Every several days,B,说明：,1),every,强调全体概念，,each,强调个体概念。,Every student in our school works hard.,Each student may have one book.,2),every,指三个以上人或物,(,含三个,),，,each,指两个以,上人或物,(,含两个,),52/94,3)every,只作形容词，不可单独使用。,each,可作代词或形,容词。,Every student has to take one.,Each boy has to take one.,Each of the boys has to take one.4)every,不能够作状语，,each,可作状语。,We each have a glass to drink water with.5)every,有重复重复意思，如,every two weeks,等；,each,没有。,6),every,与,not,连用，表示部分否定；,each,和,not,连用表,示全部否定,。,Every man is not honest.,并非每个人都老实。,Each man is not honest.,这儿每个人都不老实,53/94,F,、,both,either,neither,all,any,none,问题,1,：,I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but _ of them,came.,（,04,北京）,A.neitherB.eitherC.noneD.both,问题,2,：,-Do you want tea or coffee?,-_.I really dont mind.(,北京春季,),A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither,问题,3,：,-Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?,-_ way as you please.,（,04,福建）,A,EachB,EveryC,AnyD,Either,问题,4,：,I had to buy _ these books because I,didnt know which one was the best.,（,04,上海）,A.both B.none C.neither D.all,A,C,C,D,54/94,1,）,both,(,二者都,),，,either,(,二者中任何一个,),，,neither,(,二者都不,),。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。,Neither,of the two boys is clever.,两个男孩都不聪明。,注意,both,，,either,使用方法区分：,both,与复数连用，,either,与单数连用。,Both the boys are clever.,Either of the two boys is clever.,There are flowers on both sides of the street.,There are flowers on either side of the street.,2,）,all,(,全部，全部人或物,),，,any,(,任何一个,),，,none,(,都不,),。以上词使用范围为三者以上。,All the flowers are gone.,全部花都谢了。,I dont like any of the flowers.,这些花我都不喜欢。,I like none of the flowers.,这些花我都不喜欢。,注意,：,all,与,none,使用方法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词,。,All of the students are there.All(of)the milk is there.,55/94,G,、,few,little,a few,a little,a bit,问题,:,Although hes wealthy,，,he spends _ on clothes.,A.little,B.few,C.a little,D.a few,A,spend,所指是钱，不可数，只能用,little,或,a little.,本句为,although,引导让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，所以应用,little,表示几乎不。,56/94,(a)few+,可数名词,(a)little+,不可数名词,a few/a little,为必定含义，还有一点,few/little,为否定含义，没有多少了。,a bit of+,不可数名词,not a little=much;not a bit=not at all,He has a few friends.,他有几个朋友。,He has few friends.,他几乎没有朋友。,We still have a little time.,我们还有点时间。,There is little time left.,几乎没剩下什么时间了。,There is only a bit of ink in the bottle.,We are not a little tired because we have been working for,almost twenty hours.,Although he had walked a long way,he didnt feel tired a bit.,57/94,考题点击：,-Did you go on many of the hunting trips?-No,_.,A.not much B.little at all C.fewer D.very few,2)-Are you feeling tired after the game?,-_.In fact,I feel quite relaxed.,A.Not a little B.Not a bit C.Not little D.Not bit,3)Tom never goes out to eat because he has _ money.,A.fewB.littleC.a littleD.a few,_ friends Betty had made there were all invited to her,birthday party.(1997,上海,),A.Few ofB.FewC.The fewD.A few,D,B,B,C,58/94,C,、,another/other/the other,/others/the others,问题,1,：,Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _.(1993,上海,),A.the other B.some other C.othersD.these others,问题,2,：,One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and _.(,北京春季,),A.the other is whiteB.another white,C.the other whiteD.another is white,问题,3,：,No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side,would accept the conditions of _.,（,05,上海卷）,A.others B.the otherC.eitherD.another,C,C,B,59/94,D,、,anyone/any one,；,no one/none,；,nothing,问题,1,：,Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do.,（,04,湖南）,A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing,问题,2,：,We havent enough books for,;some of you will have to share.,（,05,全国卷,1,）,A,somebody B,anybody C,everybody D,nobody,问题,3,：,She doesnt know anyone here.She has got_to talk to.,（,04,广东）,A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.no one,B,C,D,60/94,else,使用方法,61/94,问题,1,-Victor certainly cares too much about himself.,-Yes.Hes never interested in what _ is doing.,（,05,重庆卷）,(B),A.no one else B.anyone else,C.someone else D.nobody else,else,常与不定代词连用，用来表示“别,人或物”，近几年已成为高考中热点。,no one else=nobody else,，表示“没别人”，,someone else,表示“别某个人”,anyone else,表示“别任何人”。,62/94,问题,2,If this dictionary is not yours,，,_can it be?(NMET)A,what else,B,who else,C,which elses,D,who elses,除了不定代词外，另一个能够与,else,连用词就是疑问词。,else,结构全部格是在,else,后加,-s,。,63/94,It,使用方法,64/94,1.it,作人称代词,代替前面提到事物,.,2.it,指代时间,季节,距离,.,3.it,作形式宾语,惯用在,6123,结构中,.(think,find,make,believe,),