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*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 3 Text AReflection:friendship and loyalty,1/53,consist of,组成，包含；,include,contain,compose,comprise,2/53,Her hobbies,include,swimming and gardening.,她兴趣游泳和园艺。,The bag,contained,a Christmas card.,这个包里装着一张圣诞卡。,(,容纳,),Many cars run on petrol which,contains,lead.,很多车使用含铅汽油。,3/53,The force would,be composed of,troops from NATO countries.,（由.组成）,这支军队将由来自北约国家部队组成。,Ten men,compose,the committee.委员会由十人组成。,Vivaldi composed a large number of very fine,songs,.,（创作音乐，文学作品，图画.）,维瓦尔第创作了很多非常优美,歌,曲。,4/53,Twelve departments,comprise,this university.,12个系组成了这所大学。,Women,comprise,44%of hospital medical staff.,（集体组成部分）,女性占医院医护人员44%,5/53,stick by 坚持忠于，不离不弃,Shed,stuck by,Bob,through thick and thin,.,她和鲍勃患难与共。,They vowed to,stick by,one another no matter what happened.他们立誓生死与共。,U.S.to,stick by,one China policy.,布来特：美将固守一个中国政策。,6/53,stick to恪守；保留；紧跟；忠于,Police must,stick to,the highest standards if they are to win back public confidence.,要想重新赢得公众信任，警方必须紧遵最高标准。,Perhaps he should have stuck to writing.,可能他应该一心放在写作上。,7/53,assure,&,ensure,This medicine will,ensure,you a good nights sleep.这药将确保你一晚睡眠良好。,Before travelling we must,ensure(assure),the availability of petrol and oil.旅行前，我们必须确保能够买到汽油和机油。,Last nights resounding victory has virtually,assured,them,of,promotion.,昨晚胜利实际上已确保他们能够晋级。,let me assure you,向你确保,And let me assure you I will use whatever force is necessary to restore order.,我向你确保，我将动用一切必要力量来恢复秩序。,8/53,a multitude of,a large number of 只能修饰可数名词,a great deal of 只能修饰不可数名词,large amounts of 只能修饰不可数名词,a huge mass of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词,Plenty of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词,Large quantities of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词,9/53,engage in,参加,从事，忙于,I have no time to,engage in,the debate.,我没时间参加辩论。,be engaged in doing 从事于；务；搞；干,He began to,be engaged in,construction work since graduating from college.毕业后，他就一直从事务工行业。,The old lady,engaged herself in making,clothes for her children.,这位老太太忙着为孩子们做衣服。,be engaged in doing,10/53,lead to,An ordinary cold can soon,lead to,a fever.一场普通感冒很快便会引发高烧。,The bell-boy,led us to,our rooms.,旅馆服务员把我们带到了我们房间。,The instructor,led us to finishing,the experiment.,导师率领我们完成试验。,11/53,时态语态,12/53,普通式,进行式,完成式,完成进行式,现在,普通现在,现在进行,现在完成,现在完成进行,过去,普经过去,过去进行,过去完成,未来,普通未来,未来进行,未来完成,时态（,Tense,）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下动词形式。,过去未来,13/53,普通现在时,经常发生或重复发生动作,She visits her parents,every day,.,He smokes,a lot,.,常与表习惯副词 always,every time,now and then(偶然),occasionally(偶然),often,seldom(极少),sometimes,usually等连用。,14/53,现在情况或状态,I know you are busy.,He lives in a small town.,永恒真理,The moon goes round the earth.,Summer follows spring.,15/53,在时间，条件状语从句中表示未来动作。,We will visit the factory,_.(假如明天天气好),Ill tell him about this,_.(当他来时候),when,he comes,if,it is fine tomorrow,16/53,少数动词,(be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave,等,),，用普通现在时表示按要求、计划或安排要求发生动作。,The meeting begins at ten tomorrow morning.,下一班火车七点钟出发,.,The next train leaves at 7:10.,17/53,现在进行时 be+ving,1 表示正在进行动作或,现阶段在连续进行未完成动作,He is talking in class.,I am reading papers,right now,.,She is writing a report,these days,.,18/53,2 表示未来动作（有意图，打算之意，用于go,come,stay,leave,start,arrive,，,return等动词）,Mike is taking an evening flight back.,Theyre leaving next week.,19/53,3.,一些动词进行式与,always,often,forever(,经常,),constantly(,经常地,),连用时，表示赞叹、赞扬、埋怨、生气、不耐烦。,他经常制造麻烦,.,他经常帮助他人,.,He is always making trouble.,He is always helping others.,20/53,4 英语里一些动词不用于现在进行时：,A.知觉,See,hear,smell,taste,notice,feel,B 态度和情感,Believe,agree,like,hate,want,think,love,fear,wish,C.表,存在状态,Have,be,，,exist(存在),，,remain,，,stay,21/53,D.,思索了解,understand,，,know,，,believe,，,doubt(,怀疑,),，,forget,，,remember,E.,占有与隶属,have,，,possess(,拥有,),，,own(,拥有,),，,include,consist(,包含,),contain(,包含,),，,belong(,属于,),22/53,普通未来时,will/shall do,表示未来发生动作或状态，常与表示未来时间状语连用，如：tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,I shall/will graduate next year.,He will be back in a few days.,23/53,be going to+v,在口语中广泛使用,你明天打算干什么,?,看这黑云,有一场暴风雨了,.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a storm.,24/53,be about to+v,表示马上发生事情。比如：,He was about to start.He is about to leave for Beijing.,注意：,be about to,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等明确时间状语连用。,25/53,普通过去时,1)表示过去某个时间发生动作或情况。常与表示过去时间状语连用，如：,He was here,just now,.,I went to the cinema,last night,.,26/53,When we arrived there,they gave us a warm welcome.,Oh,its you!Youre so beautiful that,I didnt recognize,you.,（说话时已经知道，只是“刚才”没认出。）,27/53,2)表示过去经常或重复发生动作。,He used to smoke.,I talked to him many times,but he just didnt listen.,28/53,现在完成时,have(has)+Ved,1)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在动作和状态。,通常与“for,since，so far,up to now,until now”等表时间状语连用,我在教室里坐了几个小时了.,I have sat for hours in the classroom.,我至今没去过欧洲.,I havent been to Europe so far.,29/53,在“,this is/was the first/second/third time that”,句型里要求 用现在,/,过去完成时。,这是我第一次演讲,.,This is the first time that I have given a speech.,30/53,2)表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响动作或情况。,John has broken his left leg.,I have seen the film,and dont want to see it a second time.,31/53,普通过去时与现在完成时区分,过去时是,单纯叙述过去时间里发生过事,，而完成时,强调该动作造成结果,，对现在有影响。,I had lunch.(maybe I am hungry now),I have had lunch.(Im full and I dont want to eat anything.),32/53,二者都能够表示从过去开始并延续了一段时间动作,.,He,worked,in the factory,for,8 years.,He,has worked,in the factory,for,8 years.,He doesnt work there now.,He is still working there now.,33/53,China will be the largest market for automobiles in 20 to 25 years if the countrys economy _ to grow at the current rate.,A.continues B.has continued,C.continued D.has been continued,条件状语从句,A,34/53,Please describe exactly what(happen)_ on the campus last night.,This is the first time I(see)_ such a terrible scene.,happened,have seen,35/53,Up till now I(spend)_ a great deal of money on books.,In these 5 years,the foundation,基金会,(collect)_ a large amount of money.,have spent,has collected,36/53,In 2 monthstime,，,he(finish)_ his training and start to work.,will finish,January 1,st,1997 is the historic date when Britain(join)_ the Common Market,共同市场,.,joined,37/53,Thirty percent of Janes income,收入,_ on clothing every year.,A.is spent B.is being spent,C.had been spent D.has been spent,重复发生,A,38/53,Most of the people who are visiting Britain _ about the food and weather there.,are always to complain,B.have always complained,C.always complain,D.will always complain,C,39/53,I could have called you yesterday,but I _ your telephone number.,didnt have B.wont have,C.hadnt had D.wouldnt have,A,40/53,I(write)_ a book at the moment.,此刻,I dont like to sit beside him,for he _ me silly,愚蠢,questions.,asks B.always asked,C.has asked D.is always asking,埋怨,am writing,D,41/53,过去进行时（were/was+Ving),表示过去某一时刻正在进行动作。,当我进来时他在看电视.,_,when I came in.,昨天这时候我在上课.,_ this time yesterday.,He was watching TV,I was having class,42/53,过去完成时(had done),表示过去某时间前已经发生动作或情况,I had stayed in Beijing for three years,by,.,43/53,当我去到机场时,他已经走了,.,When I got to the airport,_.,他说他之前读过这本书,.,He said_.,he had already left,he had read the book before,44/53,2)动词expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,suppose,wish,want,desire等用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现希望，打算，意图。,I had hoped to get some good sleep.,I had meant to come,but something happened.,45/53,过去未来时从过去观点看将要发生事。“would+V.”,惯用于从句（尤其是宾语从句）中,I knew you would agree.,He told me he would wait for me outside.,46/53,未来进行时(will be doing),在未来某个详细时间正在发生动作,What will you be doing,at six tomorrow evening,?,This time next day,they will be sitting in the cinema.,47/53,未来完成时(shall/will have done),表示在未来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来动作发生之前已经完成动作,I shall have finished my homework by ten oclock.,When the old man comes next week,his son will have left for Shanghai.,48/53,现在完成进行时,(have been doing),A.,表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复至今，或将继续延续至未来。,We have been working on this project for over a month now.,Tom has been working hard since the new term begin.,49/53,B.,表示很快前刚结束动作。,Sorry!Im late.How long have you been waiting for me?,Hello!At last!I have been telephoning you all the morning.,注意：,与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在时间里，动作或状态一直连续或一直重复出现。常与延续性动词连用。,50/53,By the time you get there tomorrow,they _ for Beijing.,will have left,B.are leaving,C.will leave,D.are to leave,A,51/53,A young man stood nearby while I(read)_ the newspaper.,On his way home he suddenly remembered he(not lock),_ the door of the office.,was reading,hadnt locked,52/53,He said,“I _ a lot of new words,by the end of last year,.”,had already learnt,B.would have already learnt,C.have already learnt,D.already learnt,A,53/53,
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