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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Reading Skill:Understanding Sentences,1/39,A sentence may be difficult when,its structure is complex,a figure of speech is involved,2/39,1.How to deal with complex sentences?,Remove the modifying elements and reduce the sentence into its core part,that is,the subject,verb and object of a sentence;,Identify modifying elements and relate them to the core parts;,Identify subordinate clauses and relate them to the main clause.,3/39,Examples,Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep,electricity is working for us,driving our refrigerators,heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.,the main clause,electricity is working for us,Even when.,an adverbial clause of time,driving.,heating.,or keeping.,-ing participles accompanying the main verb“is working”,4/39,For a family of four,for example,it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home,with almost unlimited entertainment available,than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.,the main clause,it is more convenient as well as cheaper,to sit comfortably at home than to go out.,the real subject,For a family of four,for example,with almost unlimited entertainment available,inserted parts,5/39,During the summer vacation a fine-looking young man,who was majoring in literature at a top university,asked for an interview,and before we had talked for fives minutes,he launched into his complaint.,the main clause,a fine-looking man asked for an interview,and he launched into his complaint,During the summer vacation,a time adverbial,who was majoring.,a relative clause modifying“young man”,before we.,an adverbial clause of time,6/39,The Bush administration and its defenders have chiefly sought to limit a public-relations disaster-the spreading of the photographs-rather than deal with the complex crimes of leadership and of policy revealed by the pictures.,the main clause,The Bush administration and its defenders have chiefly sought to limit a public-relations disaster rather than deal with the complex crimes,the spreading of the photographs,inserted information to illustrate“a public-relations disaster”,of leadership and of policy,modifying“the complex crimes”,revealed by the pictures,modifying“the complex crimes”,7/39,Prominent Chinese American author Iris Chang,whose international bestseller“The Rape of Nanking”resurrected(使复活)the long-ignored atrocities(暴行)by the Japanese military on Chinese civilians during World War II,died Nov.9 from a self-inflicted gunshot wound in her car along a rural road south of Los Gatos,Calif.,Ms.Chang,36,had been battling clinical depression,said her literary agent,Susan Rabiner,and had been hospitalized,treated and released five months ago.,8/39,Prominent Chinese American author Iris Chang,whose international bestseller“The Rape of Nanking”resurrected(使复活)the long-ignored atrocities(暴行),by the Japanese military on Chinese civilians during World War II,died Nov.9,from a self-inflicted gunshot wound,in her car along a rural road south of Los Gatos,Calif.,Ms.Chang,36,had been battling clinical depression,said her literary agent,Susan Rabiner,and had been hospitalized,treated and released,five months ago.,9/39,2.Getting familiar with figures of speech,Figures of speech:,A,figure of speech,is the use of a word or words diverging from its usual meaning.It can be special arrangement such as,repetition,omission,inversion,etc,.It can also be a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it,as in,idiom,metaphor,simile,hyperbole,or personification,etc,.,10/39,Figures of speech often provide emphasis,freshness of expression,or clarity.However,clarity may also suffer from their use,as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation.,11/39,examples,She would run up the stairs and then a new set of curtains.,She would run up the stairs and then,(run up),a new set of curtains.,(omission),This I reported to the police.,I reported This,to the police.,(inversion),I had butterflies in my stomach.,(metaphor),I felt nervous and anxious.,(metaphor),我心七上八下。,It was like having some butterflies in my stomach.,It was,like,having some butterflies in my stomach.,(simile),12/39,You are such an Einstein.,You are such,an Einstein,.,(hyperbole,sarcasm,metaphor),The moon is riding in the sky./Love is blind.,The moon is riding in the sky./Love is blind.,(personification),That building is a little bit big and pretty ugly.,That building is a,little bit big,and,pretty ugly,.(oxymoron),13/39,When there is need of silence,you speak,and when there is need of speech,you are dumb;when you are present,you wish to be absent,and when absent,you desire to be present;in peace you are for war,and in war you long for peace;in council you descant on bravery,and in the battle you tremble.,(parallelism,antithesis),Slang is language that takes off coat,spits on its hand,and goes to work.,Slang is an effective language.,(personification),14/39,idioms:,At the sight of the enemy troops,the frightened soldier,showed a clean pair of heels,.,-get away;flee,The poor girl had to,bear her cross,.,-The poor girl suffered a lot but she just had to stand it.,The police caught John,red-handed,.,The police caught John on the spot/when he was in the act.,I will,drop you a line,as soon as I get there.,-I will write to you.,15/39,Discussion,How to improve the ability to understand difficult sentences while reading?,16/39,To improve the ability to deal with difficult sentences,Learn the various figures of speech,Read as much as possible so as to open your eyes to,various kinds of complex sentences,the use of figures of speech in various situations,17/39,18/39,Main Idea and Structure,narration(spatial order),(Para.1)Mr.Millers home at,Santa Clara valley,Buck lived a comfortable life with Mr.Miller,19/39,(Para.5)San Francisco,Buck was stolen by Manuel and sold to a man who brought him to San Francisco.,20/39,(Para.6)Seattle,Buck was sold to a fat man from whom he learned the law of club and who in turn sold him to Perrault and Francois.,Buck experienced his first snow.,21/39,(Para.21)Dyea Beach,in the north,Perrault and Francois brought Buck and other dogs there.,The dogs had a fight,and Curly was killed,The dogs were made to work in a harness.,Buck learned to sleep under snow.,(The last Para.)Francois and Perrault began their way up,the Dyea Canyon,with all the dogs in harness,22/39,the dogs that would go to the north with Perrault and Francois:,Para.17:Buck and Curly(dead),Para.18:Spitz and Dave,Para.26:Billee and Joe,Para.31:three more dogs,23/39,Previewing and predicting,After reading the part in the textbook,what do you think will happen to Buck?,Will he escape from mans hand and control his own fate?,Will he become a pet again?Or will he be wilder than before?,If you have such questions in your mind after finishing the part in the textbook,you are most likely to be curious enough to find the rest chapters and read them.,24/39,The Call of the Wild,Chapter I.Into the Primitive,Chapter II.The Law of Club and Fang,Chapter III.The Dominant Primordial Beast,Chapter IV.Who Has Won to Mastership,Chapter V.The Toil of Trace and Trail,Chapter VI.For the Love of a Man,Chapter VII.The Sounding of the Call,25/39,Introduction,The Call of the Wild first appeared in serial form in the popular magazine The Saturday Evening Post in 1903.Later that year,an expanded version was published in book form and enjoyed favorable reviews and commercial popularity.,The novels simple style and crude depiction of harsh realities in the frozen Klondike region appealed to a reading public tired of the sentimental,romanticized fiction that dominated the literary marketplace.,26/39,Main Idea,A gripping,fast-paced tale of,adventure,The Call of the Wild focuses on Buck,a pampered sheepdog stolen from a California ranch and transported to the arctic.Bucks struggle to survive on the arctic trail demonstrates the precarious nature of life in the wild.,27/39,Literary Quality,The Call of the Wild exemplifies the features of a turn-of-the-century movement known as,literary naturalism,:the story is presented realistically and directly,and dramatizes the force of environment in shaping character.The Call of the Wild is widely acclaimed as Londons best work of fiction.The authors firm control of the plot and focused point of view give the story its remarkable coherence.,28/39,The book suggests that environment shapes character,and emphasizes that primitive instinctsoften hidden beneath a veneer of civilizationare never lost to the individual.Providing a fascinating glimpse of a way of life that has almost vanished,The Call of the Wild suggests that creatures survive best when they adapt to the natural world,rather than trying to impose change on their environment.,29/39,Reflection,What does The Call of the Wild make you think about your attitude towards adversity?,30/39,Jack London,prolific,restless,popular,hard-working,courageous,adventurous,energetic,physically unhealthy,attractive,handsome and romantic,31/39,Prolific,Jack London is a prolific American novelist and short story writer(fifty-one of his books and hundreds of his articles),whose works deal romantically with the overwhelming power of nature and the struggle for survival.,32/39,Restless,Jacks extensive life experiences included:being a laborer,factory worker,oyster pirate on the San Francisco Bay,member of the California Fish Patrol,sailor,railroad hobo（流浪）,and gold prospector(in the Klondike from 1897-1898).,33/39,Popular,His writing appealed not to the few,but to millions of people all around the world.,Today,almost countless editions of Londons writings are available and some of them have been translated into as many as seventy different languages.,34/39,Energetic and Adventurous,Somehow,he managed to do his writing and still find time to go swimming,horseback riding,or sailing on San Francisco Bay.,He also spent 27 months cruising the South Pacific in the Snark,put in two tours of duty as an overseas war correspondent,35/39,Hard-working,He tried never to miss his early morning 1,000-word writing stint,and between 1900 and 1916 he completed over fifty books,including both fiction and non-fiction,hundreds of short stories,and numerous articles on a wide range of topics.Several of the books and many of the short stories are classics of their kind,well thought of in critical terms and still popular around the world.,36/39,Physically unhealthy,He traveled widely for pleasure,entertained a continual stream of guests whenever he was at home in Glen Ellen,and did his fair share of barroom socializing and debating.In order to fit all this living into the narrow confines of one lifetime,he often tried to make do with no more than four or five hours of sleep at night.,On November 22,1916,Jack London died of gastrointestinal uremic poisoning（尿毒症）.He was 40 years of age and had been suffering from a variety of ailments,including a kidney condition that was extraordinarily painful at times.,37/39,I would rather be ashes than dust!I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry rot.I would rather be a superb meteor,every atom of me in magnificent glow,than a sleepy and permanent planet.The proper function of man is to live,not to exist.I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them.I shall use my time,Jack London(1876-1916),38/39,Further Reading,The Call of the Wild(Complete Story),Jack Londons romance,Jack Londons major works,39/39,
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