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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法填空,第1页,关联词,并列连词：and,or,but.,复合连词:定语从句，名词性从句,状语从句,第2页,并列连词,第3页,并列句分类,1,、,表示连接两个,同等,概念，惯用and,not onlybut(also),neithernor,then等连接。,e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and,the students name is John.,2、表示,选择,，惯用连词有or,eitheror,otherwise（不然）等。,e.g.Hurry up,or,youll miss the train.,3、表示,转折,，惯用连词有but,still,however,yet等。,e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but,he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.,4、表示因果关系，惯用连词有so,for,therefore（所以）等。,e.g.August is the time of the year for rice harvest,so,every day I work from dawn until dark.,第4页,一、用适当并列连词填空,1,Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird.,2,Hurry up,_ well be late for the train.,提升演练,when,or/otherwise,第5页,3,I am reading a novel,_ she is reading a letter.,4,_ does Jack do his work well,_ he helps others with their work.,5,She must be out,_ the lights are out.,while,Not only,but also,for,第6页,6,_ she did not speak,clearly _ I did not hear well.,7,I never saw him again,_ did I hear from him.,8,Use your head,_ youll find,a way.,Either,or,nor/neither,and,第7页,9,Something went wrong with my bike this afternoon,_ I walked home.,10,Li Ping doesnt talk much,_ he thinks a lot.,so,but,第8页,.,语篇填空,One day I was playing the piano 1._I heard a knock at the door.It was my neighbour Jack.He wanted to buy a second-hand piano.Everyone said I played the piano well,2._ he asked me to help to judge the tone of the piano.,when,so,第9页,We arrived at the owners house and I looked the piano over,3._ sat down and played a mixture of honky-tonk numbers 4._classical pieces.When I finished,I said that the wood was rotten,but 5._the sound was good and 6._ he should buy it.,then,and,still,therefore,第10页,定语从句连词,第11页,关联词,先行词表,从句中成份,备注,关系代词,who,whom,whose,that,which,as,人,主,宾,人,人,物,人,物,物,整个句子,整个句子,宾,定,主,宾,主,宾,主,宾,作宾语时可省，但介词前置不可省,作宾语时可省，但介词前置不用,that,作宾语时可省，但介,词前置不可省，可指,前面整个句子。,such/the sameas,whose roof=the roof of which=of which the roof,第12页,关联词,先行词表,在从句中成份,备注,关系副词,when,why,where,时间,原因,状,状,地点,状,=on/in/at which,=on/in/at which,有时,where,并不指,详细地点,=for which,第13页,定语从句：,主要考查知识点：引导定语从句关系代词和系,词选择，非限制性定语从句，由 whose,who,whom,where,when,that,which,as(像那样）和“介词+关系,词“以及”suchas,the sameas 引导定语从句。,1.who/whom/whose 引导定语从句：,（1）He has entertained hopes(一直怀有一个希望）of being admitted to a sight of the wonderful valley,_,beauty he has heard much.,(2)The student in_ all of the teachers took great pride was admitted into Beijing University last year.,(3)Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those_ dont.,whose,whom,who,who,第14页,2.when/where 引导定语从句,在从句中作状语：,（1）This is the mountain village _ I,stayed last year.,(2).Ill never forget the days _ I worked,together with you.,3.介词+关系代词：(介词+which 或+whom),（1）This is the house,in_,I,lived,two,years ago.(in which=where),(2).Do you remember,the day,on_,You,joined our club?(on which=when),(3)Last week,only,two people,came to look at the house,neither of_ wanted to buy it.,where,when,which,which,whom,第15页,4.as,which 因带定语从句,由as,which 引导非限制性定语从句，as 和which可代替整个主句，As普通放句首，有时在句中或在句末。which在句中。,（1）._we know,smoking is hasrmful to,ones health.,(2).The sun heats the earth,_ is very,important to us.,（3）Einstein,_we all know,was a great,scientist.,（4）The work was very hard,_we had,expected.,As,which,as,as,第16页,5.suchas,the sameas the same.that.,(1).I hope to get such a recorder _she is using.,(2).They are such warm-hearted women_ I will never forget.,(3)I live in the same house_ he(lives in).,注意1,：I live in,the same,house,that,he lives in.,我与他住在,同一个,房间。,the same that表示同一个,注意2.,such,as 与,such,that,suchas中as 在从句中作主语、宾语或,语。而 suchthat中that在从句中不作成份。,She is such a good girl,as,all of us,like,.,2.She is such a good girl,that,all of us,like her,.,as,as,as,第17页,即时演练：单句填空,1.His movie won several awards at the film festival,_ was beyond his wildest dream.,2.We shouldnt have spent our money testing so many people,most of _ are healthy.,3.Today,well discuss a number of cases_ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.,4.Some pre-school children go to a day care centre,_ they learn simple games and songs.,5.Chinas restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.,6.Look out!Dont get close to the house_ roof is uder repair.,which,whom,where,where,which,whose,第18页,7.Last month,part of Southeast Asia was struck by flood,from_ effects the people are still suffering.,8.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together in the south.,9._ is known to us,the moon travels round the the earth once a year.,10.THe disease attacks such animals_lions and tigers.,11.When he came back from abroad,John told his parents about the cities and the people_ he had visited.,12.She wears the same dress_ her sister.,whose,that,As,as,tha,t,as,第19页,语篇模拟：用适当词填入短文空格中。,Computer programmer David Jones,_,earns 35,000 a year designing new computer,games,yet cannot find a bank _ is ready,to lethim have a credit card(信用卡）。Instead,he has been told to wait until he is18，_he is,oldenough to get the rights.The 16-year-old boy,works for a small firm in Liverpool,_ the,problem of most young people of his age is,finding a job.,But Davids biggest headache now is _to,do with his money.David got his job with the,Livaepool based company four months ago.,who,that,when,where,what,第20页,“I got the job because the people_ run the,firm knew I had written some programs already,”,he said.“I had been studying computing _,was not part of our studies at school in books,and magazines for four years in my spare time.I,knew _I want to do and never considered,staying on at school.Most people in this business,are fairly young,anyway.”David added:“I would,like to earn a million and I suppose early,retiremant is a possibily.You never know _,the market might disappear.”,(10),who,which,what,when,第21页,名词性从句连词,第22页,(1),隶属连词,whether,that,(2),连接代词,What Who,which,Whom whose,whatever,whoever,whichever,(3),连接副词,when,why,where,how,，,if/as if,(,只用于表语从句）,只起连接作用，,不充当从句,中任何成份。,既起连接作用，,本身又做从句,主语,、,宾语,、,表语,或,定语（,whose,）,。,既起连接作用，,本身又做从句,状语,。,how many,，,how much,，,第23页,请找出以下复合句名词性从句并分析其类型,1,.The question why we must learn English has been asked many times.,2,.That is where Lu Xun once lived.,3,.Whether you come or not is up to you.,4.,We thought it strange that Tom did,not come yesterday.,5,.Its uncertain whether the experiment,is worth doing.,（,）,同位语从句,（,）,表从,（,）,主语从句,（,）,宾语从句,（,）,主语从句,第24页,总结：,名词性从句引导词选择三步骤,步骤一：,假如从句中缺乏主语，或者宾语，或者表语，则考虑用连接代词；,What,who,which,whose,whatever,步骤二：,假如从句中既不缺乏主语，宾语，也不缺乏表语，不过缺乏一定意义状语，则考虑用连接副词；where,when,why,how,步骤三：,假如既不缺乏主语，宾语，表语，也不缺乏状语，则考虑用隶属连词。,that,whether,if,as if,第25页,Please choose the best answer.,1,._ we cant get seems better than_ we have.,A.What;what B.What;that,C.That;that D.That;what,2-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that_ you had a few days off?,A.why B.when C.what D.where,第26页,3-Do you remember_ he came?-Yes,I do.He came by car.A.how B.when C.that D.if,4.The reason_ I have to go is_ my mother is ill in bed,A.why;why B.why;because,C.why;that D.that;because,5,.What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother,will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.how C.whether D.why,第27页,Everyone knew 1_Andy was a famous writer,but no one knew 2_she came from and 3_ she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4_they did know was 5_she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6 _ was in need of money.,从句语篇练习,that,Where,Whether,What,that,W,hoever,第28页,名词性从句改错,1,.The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.,2,.What the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.,3,.If well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,（,）,that,（,）,That,（,）,Whether,第29页,4,.What he really means is what he disagrees with us.,5,.When well finish translating the book depend on the time.,（,）,（,）,that,（,）,depends,第30页,状语从句连词,第31页,一,.,时间状语从句,：,1.when=while=as,when doing sth.=while doing sth.,当主从句主,语一致而且从句有进行时态时用。,第32页,2.,一、就、表示：,The moment=the minute=the second,（未来）,=the instant=immediately=as soon as,+sb.do/.does sth.,sb.will do sth.,=hardly had sb.done sth.when sb.did sth.,=no sooner had sb.done sth.than sb.did sth.,the moment/the minute/the second/the instant/immediately directly/instantly/as soon as,3.after:,在,之后。,before:,在,之前，不知不觉就,还没来得及,/,还没有,.,就,.,，趁着还没,就,，,not until:,直到,才,since:,自从,第33页,二,.,条件,状语从句,:,if,（假如），,unless,（假如不,，除非）,so long as,（只要），,provided/providing,（假使），,in case,（万一，假如），,on condition that(,在,条件下,),。,三,.,地点,状语从句,:,where=in the place in which,在,地方,wherever,在,任何地方,第34页,四,.,目标状语从句,:,从句中常含有,can,could,may,might,will,would,等情态动词。,in order that=so that,（为了，方便），,in case,（以防，以免）,for fear that,（以免，惟恐），,第35页,五,.,原因,状语从句,:,because:,因为语气较强，表示直接因果关系，回,答问句。用在强调句型中。,as:,因为，因为语气没哪么强,since=now that=when,:,既然，语气更弱,for:,因为，放在句后，表示对前一句加以解析。,seeing that/hearing that,因为，,given=considering,考虑到,第36页,六,.,让步状语从句,:,though=although:,即使，尽 管,as:,即使，把作表语名词，形容词，作状语副词及一些动词要放到句首，若提前是单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词。,n./adj./adv.as sb.+v.,while:,而，用在主从句之间，表对比。,even if=even though,即使，尽管,疑问词,+ever=no matter+,疑问词 不论,),(位句首，即使)whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however.,第37页,七。比较状从,(not)as .as,the more.,the more,than,八。结果状从,（如此。以致于。）,so,形容词（副词）,that,many(much),little(few),such(a)+,形容,+,名词,.that.,第38页,九,.,方式,状从,as,（正如）,as if(though),（好象）,（用虚拟语气）,即时演练：单句填空。,1.Peter was excited_ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Beijing.,when,第39页,2.Nancy enjoyed herself so much_ she,visited her friend in Sydney last year.,3.It just isnt fair,_ I was working as a waiter last month,my friend were lying on the beach.,4._ she grew older,she became more beautiful.,5.It is almost five or six years_ we saw each other last time.,6.Youd better not leave the medicine_ kids can get at it.,7.Jack didnt marry_he was forty-five.,when,while,As,since,where,until,第40页,8.The plane had took off _he arrived at the airport.,9._ he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years,he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.,10.Bamboo grows well _ it has plenty of rain.,11.The engine stopped running _ the fuel was finished.,12.There is must be no one in the house _the,door is closed.,13.We will have a picnic tomorrow _ it rains or its very cold.,before,After,where,because,for,unless,第41页,14.The old tower must be savedthe,cost is.,15.He tried his best to solve the problem,_,difficult it was.,16.”You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick at my cat again,”the old man said firmly.,17.Its known to all that _ you exercise regularly,you wont keep good health.,18.In time of serious accidents,_ we know some basic things about first aid,we can save lives.,19._ I were you,I woulg go and work there.,whatever,however,unless,until,unless,if,If,第42页,语篇模拟1：在下面短文空格处填入一个适当词。,I went to the seaside to spend my holiday last,summer holiday with my faily.One day,I was,swimming in the river _ someone shouted,“Look out.There is a shark not far away!”On,hearing the shout,I was scared to death _,I was well aware of its dangerous characteristic.,“Just dont worry,Tom!”my father said to me.,“but lets go back to our hotel and we can avoid,beingharmed.,We stayed in the seaside for about two weeks.,_ the weather was much hotter than that,In my hometown,I got used to it.Every morning,when,because,Although,第43页,I got up earlier than my parents and went for,breakfast ahead of time.Then I went to hasve a,chat with my new friend,John,_ I happened,to come across during my holiday.John was a,native_ was familiar with the seaside well.,He was a man with good qualification.Soon we,became very good friends._ we parted,we,have been kept writing to each other.Now,I still,often hear from him.We talked in our letter about,things and persons _ we remembered in,the seaside.,who/whom,who,Since,that,第44页,语篇模拟2.在下面短文空格处填入一个适当词。,When I put forward the suggestion _ he,go to work in the countryside,he promised to take,it into consideration.He,_ name is Wang,Lin,just graduated from an agricultural university,in Guangzhou.Of course,it wil mean living in the,countryside for at least three years or more,_ he returns to the city.Wang Lin studied,hard at university._ he had time,he would,go to the library or reading room to refer to,information _ he needed.I would like him to,work in the countryside just _ he could,help rid people there of hunger by expanding,that,whose,before,whenever,that,because,第45页,by expanding the output of crop.In this way,it,will make _ possible to get most of people to,improve their living conditions,_ is the policy,of our country.I know there is little entertainment,in the far-away area in the countryside.I shall,give him the violin I bought the other day.So that,he can play it sometimes.But only _ he,comes to see me this evening shall I give it to,him.I shall also tell him to be modest _,working with the farmers even if he knows more,scientific knowledge than they do.Do you think,_ he will follow my advice?Of course he will.,it,which,when,when/while,that,第46页,_ I am not his mother,he always regards,me as his.He always believes _ I say,to him.,Although,whatever,第47页,Thank you,第48页,
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