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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高考二轮复习,特殊句式,1/78,考点纵横,高考将重视考查特殊句式和其它知识点之间交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识力度，在考查强调句型同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句，地点状语从句考查融合到了一起。反意疑问句和宾语从句干扰结合，强调了学生综合把握语法知识能力。,全国卷,新课标卷,地方卷,全国卷(祈使句),江苏(倒装)湖南(强调句;祈使句)重庆(强调句)湖南(倒装)湖北(倒装)天津(倒装),2/78,考纲解读,依据考纲要求,考生应掌握:,1.强调句型用于强调陈说句、普通疑问句、特殊疑问句、not.until.句型;强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句混合考查;2.省略要注意主语省略、谓语或谓语一部分省略、宾语省略、不定式省略、宾语从句和状语从句中省略,以及虚拟条件句中if省略;,3.倒装句为部分倒装和完全倒装;,4.反意疑问句是由“陈说句+简略普通问句”组成。简略普通问句通常只用两个词:一个是必定或否定be动词、情态动词、助动词,另一个是人称代词。,3/78,1.,(天津)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel,_,the coach picks up tourists.,解析：,本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它部分”。,2.,(江苏)Not until recently,_,(do)they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.,解析：,考查部分倒装。依据副词recently可知事情发生在过去,用普通过去时。,考题导引,that,did,4/78,3,(天津)Only when Lily walked into the office,_,(do)she realize that she had left the contract at home.,解析：,“only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。依据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知,要用普通过去时。,4,(全国)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,_,(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,解析：,此处是make sure放在句首,表示要求。,did,考题导引,make,5/78,知识梳理,强调句,1基本句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who其它。,It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.,只有经过倾听和相互了解，孩子和父母之间问题才可能被处理。(强调方式状语),6/78,2普通疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其它？,Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?,是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气吗？,3特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其它？,When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?,他是什么时候决定选修这门课程？,7/78,4含有not.until.强调句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that.其它。,It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(天津高考单项选择),直到信末尾她才提到她自己计划。,8/78,名师指津：,以上强调句型是对除谓语以外成份强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适合用于普通现在时和普通过去时必定句。,The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.,这位科学家真正地把他一生献给了研究工作。,9/78,倒装句,(一)部分倒装,部分倒装是指把谓语一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几个形式：,1当否定词或带有否定意义词或短语位于句首时，惯用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little,few,never,seldom,rarely,by no means,not only,not until,at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,in no way,no sooner,hardly,scarcely等。,10/78,2当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。,Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.,只有当他下班回来后，我们才知道真相。,11/78,3so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。,(1)“sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说必定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“也是如此”。,Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.,So have I.,我有大量工作要做。,我也如此。,12/78,(2)“neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面否定内容也适合用于另一人或物，意为“也不这么”。,Liu Jia cant answer the question.,Neither/Nor can Peter.,刘佳回答不上来这个问题。,彼得也回答不上来。,4在so/such.that.结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。,So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.,他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。,13/78,5在as/though引导让步状语从句中，当从句表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。假如位于句首是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。,Hard as they tried,they couldnt make her change her mind.,尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。,6.,在含有,had/were/should,的虚拟条件句中，可省略,if,，将,had/were/should,放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。,Had Mark invited,me,I would have been glad to come.,要是马克邀请了我的话，我会很愿意来的。,14/78,(二)完全倒装,完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几个形式：,1表示时间、地点和动作转移副词，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用普通现在时或普通过去时。,The moment the bell rang,out rushed the children.,铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。,15/78,2当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了防止头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。,Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,all covered with blood.,公共汽车前面躺着一个受伤人，满身是血。,3有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，组成“表语系动词主语”完全倒装结构。,Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.,出席晚会有格林先生，还有许多别宾客。,16/78,省略,（一）状语从句省略,在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，能够用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：,1从句主语是it或主从句主语一致；,2从句谓语动词含有be动词。,此时能够省略从句主语和be动词。,Film has a much shorter history,especially,when(it is)compared to such art forms as music and painting.,电影历史短得多，尤其是与音乐、绘画这些艺术形式相比。,Unless(it is)necessary,youd better not turn to him.,除非有必要，你最好不要向他请求帮助。,17/78,（二）不定式省略,在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词,(,短语,),，只保留不定式符号,to,。否定形式的省略用,not to,。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有,be,have,have been,通常保留这些词。,I asked him to go with me,but he didnt want,to,(go with me).,我叫他和我一起去，但他不想（和我一起去）。,The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was,asked by the police,not to,.,这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但,警察不让他那样做。,课标全国,2013,18/78,省略不定式符号,to,几个情况,(1),感官动词,(see,look at,notice,watch,observe,listen to,hear,feel,等）,和使役动词（,make,have,let,等,),后带不定式作宾语补足语时要省,略,to,；但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上,to,。,He often,makes,his sister,do,the housework for him.,=His sister,is,often,made to do,the housework for him.,他经常让他妹妹替他做家务,。,19/78,(2)but,（“除,之外”,）或,except,后跟不定式时，如果,but,或,except,前,有实义动词,do,的某种形式，其后的不定式要省略,to,；但,but,或,except,前没有实义动词,do,的某种形式时，后接的不定式不省略,to,。,They,did,nothing,but watch,TV last night.,他们昨晚除了看电视什么都没做。,If he takes on this work,he will,have,no choice,but to meet,an even,greater challenge.,如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之,外他别无选择。,陕西,20/78,（二）用,so,和,not,代替句子内容省略结构,为了避免重复前面所说的话，常用,so,或,not,代替名词性从句，此时不用,it,或,that,代替。这种省略常发生在,think,believe,expect,suppose,guess,imagine,hope,be afraid,等动词之后。,Do you think our team will win the basketball match?,Yes,I,think so,./No,I,am afraid not,.,你认为我们队会赢得这场篮球赛吗？,是的，我认为会赢。,/,不，恐怕不会。,【,尤其注意,】,在,if,条件句中，也能够用,so,或,not,代替上文提到内容。,if so,意为“假如那样话”；,if not,意为“假如不话”。,21/78,感叹句,感叹句惯用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。,1what引导感叹句,Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！,Whatadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！,What a strange plant!Ive never seen it before.,这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。,What lovely children they are!,他们是多么可爱孩子啊！,22/78,2how引导感叹句,Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！,Howadj./adv.主语谓语！,How主语谓语！,How interesting a story it is!,What an interesting story it is!,这是多么有趣一个故事啊！,How time flies!,时间过得真快啊！,23/78,反意疑问句,1陈说部分含有宾语从句反意疑问句,普通情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但假如主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分主语和时态与宾语从句主语和时态保持一致。,I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,didnt I?,我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？,I dont think the football team is likely to win,is it?,我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？,24/78,2祈使句反意疑问句,祈使句后反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一个语气。其结构为：,必定祈使句，will/wont you？,否定祈使句，will you？,Let us.，will you？,Lets.，shall we？,Close the window,will/wont you?,关上窗户，好吗？,Lets go to the bookstore,shall we?,我们去书店，好吗？,25/78,There,be,句型,there be,句式中的,be,可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。,There have been,many great changes in our country since then.,自从那时起我国就发生了很多巨变。,There must be,a mistake somewhere.,某个地方一定存在错误。,26/78,there be,句式中的,be,有时可用,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be,remain,live,stand,lie,exist,等替换。,There seems to be,an announcement about the project.,关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。,There happened to be,a man walking by.,碰巧有一个人路过。,27/78,如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，则谓语动词,be,应和离它最近的主语保持一致。,There is a knife,and two pens in his pocket.,他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。,There are two pens,and a knife in his pocket.,他的口袋里有两支钢笔和一把小刀。,there be,结构的主谓一致,28/78,考点,1,强调句,1.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.(,天津，,13),A.who B.which C.where D.that,解析,考查强调句型判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接游客。从了解思绪上先看本句是不是强调句型：,It is/was,被强调部分,that/who,剩下部分。强调句判断方法是将,It is/was,与,that/who,去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”,句子成份完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调内容是地点，故空格处应填,that,。,考点突破,29/78,2.Bach died in 1750,，,but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.(,重庆，,9),A.while B.though,C.that D.after,解析,考查强调句。句意为：巴赫于,1750,年逝世，不过他音乐才能一直到,19,世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：,It is/was,被强调部分,that,其它部分，本句被强调部分是,not until the early 19th century,，故选,C,。,30/78,3.It was when we were returning home _I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(,湖南，,21),A.which B.that,C.where D.how,解析,考查强调句。句意为：正是在我们快要回到家时候，我才意识到帮助有困难人感觉多么美妙！强调句型基本结构为：,It is/was,被强调部分,that,其它部分。假如强调人，,that,还能够改为,who,，不过强调时间或者地点时只能使用,that,。,31/78,4.Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr.Smith got angry,？,(,四川，,3),A.WhyB.who,C.where D.that,解析,考查强调句普通疑问句。所强调是原因状语从句,because Jack came late for school,，故选,that,。句意为：是不是因为,Jack,上学迟到史密斯先生才生气？,32/78,考点归纳,强调句型中,6,个考查重点：,1.,强调句型疑问句,在强调句中，不论被强调部分是什么句子成份，变为疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将,“It is/was,被强调部分,that/who,其它成份,”,改为,“Is/Was it,被强调部分,that/who,其它成份？,”,或,“,疑问词,is/was,it,that,其它成份？,”,结构。,Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?,是不是她考试不及格使她父母不高兴？,When was it that she changed her mind?,她什么时候改变主意？,33/78,2.,在对,not.until,结构中,until,时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中,not,移至,until,之前，组成,It is/was not until.that.,结构。注意,that,从句中谓语动词要变成必定形式，而且不再采取倒装语序。,I didn,t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,直到她摘下她深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。,34/78,3.,假如由特殊疑问词引导强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈说语序，不可用疑问语序。,He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.,他问我是谁错拿了他伞。,4.,强调句型结构与定语从句混合使用。,在高考试题中，为了增加试题难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构愈加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。,It was here that he fell off his bicycle.,这里正是他从自行车上摔下来地方。,35/78,5.,强调句型与时间状语从句辨析。,当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉,“it is/was”,和连词,“that”,原句依然完整。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉,“it is/was”,和连词,“when/before”,，原句则不完整。,It was at 14,：,28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(,强调句型,),是在,14,点,28,分严重地震暴发了。,It was 14,：,28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(,时间状语从句,),当严重地震暴发时是,14,点,28,分。,36/78,6.,强调句型中反意疑问句式。,在强调句型中，其反意疑问句主语及助动词必须与主句,It is/was.,保持一致。,It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,，,isn,t it?,是,Mary,而不是你想问我那件事，是吗？,37/78,考点,2,倒装句,1.Not until recently _ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(,江苏，,34),A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged,C.did they encourage D.they encouraged,解析,考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才勉励农村地域发展与旅游相关活动。依据时间状语,recently,可知本句应用普通过去时。,“,Not until,状语,”,位于句首，句子采取部分倒装语序，所以选,C,。,38/78,2.Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home.(,天津，,3),A.she realized B.has she realized,C.she has realized D.did she realize,解析,考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把协议忘在家里了。,“,only,状语从句,”,位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。依据时间状语从句,when Lily walked into the office,可知要用普通过去时。故答案为,D,。,39/78,3._ no modern telecommunications,，,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(,福建，,32),A.Were there B.Had there been,C.If there are D.If there have been,解析,考查,if,虚拟条件句中倒装。依据主句中,would have to,以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反虚拟语气，从句应用普通过去时。当虚拟条件句中有,had,，,should,，,were,时，能够将,if,去掉，然后把,had,，,should,，,were,提到主语前面。,40/78,1.,部分倒装结构高考热点：,(1),否定词位于句首倒装。,表示否定副词,never,，,nor,，,neither,，表示半否定意义副词,hardly,，,few,，,seldom,，,little,，含有,no,和,not,词组,by no means(,决不,),，,at no time(,在任何时候都不,),，,not until,，,not only,，,no sooner,。,Never have I seen such a good performance.,我从来都没见过这么好演出。,考点归纳,41/78,Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist,，,but he also was a fairly good violinist.,爱因斯坦不但是世界闻名科学家，而且还是一个相当不错小提琴家。,Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.,直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。,42/78,(2),“,only,状语,”,置于句首倒装。,“,only,状语,”,置于句首时句子要用部分倒装。,(,强调主语、宾语，句子不倒装,),Only then did I know the truth.,直到那时我才知道真相。,Only in this way can you work out this question.,只有用这种方法你才能处理这个问题。,Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.,只有他母亲回来后，他才能够去上学。,43/78,(3)so,，,neither,，,nor,引导倒装。,用,“,so,助动词,/,情态动词,/,系动词主语,”,表示前面叙述情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为,“,也，一样，也如此,”,。表示前面叙述否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用,“,neither,/nor,助动词,/,情态动词,/,系动词主语,”,。,Society has changed and so have the people in it.,社会变了，人也变了。,44/78,注意：,当,so,表示对前句内容必定、附和，或深入强调前面所说情况，或者赞同前面说法时，应用自然语序。意为,“,确实，正是,”,。,Tom works hard.,So he does and so do you.,汤姆工作很卖力。,确实如此，你也是。,倒装部分助动词、情态动词、连系动词时态和形式要与前句相一致。,If you don,t go,，,neither/nor shall I.(If you don,t go,，,I shall not go.),你不去，我也不去。,45/78,表示前面各种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者现有必定又有否定情况或包括到不一样类型动词时可用：,It is the same with sth./sb.,或,So it is with sth./sb.,句型。,She does well in English,，,but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.,她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。,46/78,(4)as,，,though,引导让步状语从句时倒装。句式为：表语,/,状语,/,动词原形,as/though,主语其它。表语前名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略。,Clever as he is,，,he doesn,t study well.,即使他很聪明，但他学习不好。,Child as he is,he knows a lot.,即使他是个孩子，但他知道不少事情。,Much as I like it,，,I won,t buy it.,即使我非常喜欢它，但我不买。,Try as she might,，,she failed.,即使她试过了，但还是失败了。,47/78,(5)so/such.that,句型中,so/such,位于句首时，,so/such,后句子倒装。,So frightened was she that she did not dare to move an inch.,她如此害怕，以至于一寸也不敢动。,Such an interesting story is this that I decide to buy it.(that,引导结果状语从句，不作成份,),Such an interesting story is this as I decide to buy.(as,引导定语从句，且作,buy,宾语,),这是如此好小说以至于我决定买下来。,48/78,(6),假如虚拟条件句谓语含有,were,，,should,，,had,，能够把,if,省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前组成倒装。,If you had asked me,，,I would have told you everything.,Had you asked me,，,I would have told you everything.,假如你问过我，我就会把一切都告诉你了。,(7),一些表示祝福句子也用倒装语序。,May you succeed.,祝你成功！,Long live the Communist Party of China!,中国共产党万岁！,49/78,2.,全部倒装结构高考热点：,(1),以,here,，,there,，,out,，,in,，,up,，,down,，,away,等副词开头，谓语动词多为,be,，,come,，,go,等。,There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain.,山脚下有,条河。,(2),以,then,，,now,，,thus,开头，谓语动词多为,come,，,follow,，,begin,，,end,，,be,而且主语又是名词,/,名词词组。,(,若主语是代词，则不能倒装,),Now comes your turn!,该你了！,50/78,(3),当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词,be,，,come,，,sit,，,live,，,stand,，,lie,，,exist,等时。,On the ground lay an old man,，,who was dying.,地上躺着一位老人，奄奄一息。,(4)such,作表语，置于句首，表示,“,这么人,/,事物；上述人,/,事物,”,。,be,动词须与后面主语保持一致。,Such is their decision.,他们决定就是这么。,51/78,考点,3,祈使句,1.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(,湖南，,31),A.to keep B.to have kept,C.keep D.have kept,解析,考查祈使句。句意为：一直要记住：你主要任务是使这家企业运转顺利。祈使句普通以动词原形开头，故用,keep,。,keep in mind,记住，是固定搭配。,52/78,2._ me tomorrow and I,ll let you know the lab result.,(,纲领全国，,33),A.Calling B.Call,C.To call D.Having called,解析,考查祈使句。句意为：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道试验结果。分析句子结构可知，此处是,“,祈使句,and,陈说句,”,这一固定句式结构，故,B,项正确。,53/78,1.,祈使句否定式在动词前加,dont,。祈使句带主语时，其否定式把,dont,放在主语前。,Dont you speak so loud.,你不要那么大声说话。,2.,注意句型：祈使句,and/or/otherwise,普通未来时陈说句。,Close the door of fear behind you,，,and you will see the door of faith open before you.,关闭你身后恐惧之门，你就会看到信念之门在你面前打开。,考点归纳,54/78,3.,上面句型中祈使句也可用名词短语形式。,One more step and youll succeed.,再走一步，你就会成功。,55/78,考点,4,省略,1.If _ for the job,，,you,ll be informed soon.(,北京，,31),A.to accept B.accept,C.accepting D.accepted,解析,考查状语从句省略。句意为：假如你被录用做这份工作话，你将会很快得到通知。本题中,if,之后省略了主语和,be,动词，补充完整为：,If you are accepted for the job,，所以选,D,。,56/78,2.The climate here is quite pleasant,，,the temperature rarely,，,_,，,reaching 30 in summer.(,福建，,28),A.if not B.if ever,C.if any D.if so,解析,考查省略句。句意为：这里气候相当宜人，假如曾经有话，夏天也极少到达,30,。,if ever,为省略句，补全完整为：,if the climate here has ever reached 30,in summer,。,57/78,1.,状语从句中省略,由,when,，,while,，,if,，,as if,，,although/though,，,as,，,until,，,once,，,whether,，,unless,，,where,等引导状语从句中，假如其谓语为,be,，而主语与主句主语相同时，则从句主语和,be,可省略；假如从句主语为,it,时，谓语为,be,，也可省略从句中,it,和,be,。,When(I am)in trouble,，,I always turn to my classmates for help.,碰到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。,If(it is)possible,，,t
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