高考英语专题复习特殊句式市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高考二轮复习,特殊句式,1/78,考点纵横,高考将重视考查特殊句式和其它知识点之间交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识力度，在考查强调句型同时考查定语从句，把省略句以及强调句与时间状语从句，地点状语从句考查融合到了一起。反意疑问句和宾语从句干扰结合，强调了学生综合把握语法知识能力。,全国卷,新课标卷,地方卷,全国卷(祈使句),江苏(倒装)湖南(强调句;祈使句)重庆(强调句)湖南(倒装)湖北(倒装)天津(倒装),2/78,考纲解读,依据考纲要求,考生应掌握:,1.强调句型用于强调陈说句、普通疑问句、特殊疑问句、not.until.句型;强调句型与状语从句、定语从句、祈使句混合考查;2.省略要注意主语省略、谓语或谓语一部分省略、宾语省略、不定式省略宾语从句和状语从句中省略,以及虚拟条件句中if省略;,3.倒装句为部分倒装和完全倒装;,4.反意疑问句是由“陈说句+简略普通问句”组成。简略普通问句通常只用两个词:一个是必定或否定be动词、情态动词、助动词,另一个是人称代词。,3/78,1.,(天津)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel,_,the coach picks up tourists.,解析：,本句是一个强调句型,其基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其它部分”。,2.,(江苏)Not until recently,_,(do)they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.,解析：,考查部分倒装。依据副词recently可知事情发生在过去,用普通过去时。,考题导引,that,did,4/78,3,(天津)Only when Lily walked into the office,_,(do)she realize that she had left the contract at home.,解析：,“only+状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。依据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知,要用普通过去时。,4,(全国)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,_,(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,解析：,此处是make sure放在句首,表示要求。,did,考题导引,make,5/78,知识梳理,强调句,1基本句型：It is/was被强调部分that/who其它。,It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.,只有经过倾听和相互了解，孩子和父母之间问题才可能被处理。(强调方式状语),6/78,2普通疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其它？,Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?,是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气吗？,3特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was itthat其它？,When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?,他是什么时候决定选修这门课程？,7/78,4含有not.until.强调句型：It is/was not until被强调部分that.其它。,It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(天津高考单项选择),直到信末尾她才提到她自己计划。,8/78,名师指津：,以上强调句型是对除谓语以外成份强调；若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适合用于普通现在时和普通过去时必定句。,The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.,这位科学家真正地把他一生献给了研究工作。,9/78,倒装句,(一)部分倒装,部分倒装是指把谓语一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几个形式：,1当否定词或带有否定意义词或短语位于句首时，惯用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little,few,never,seldom,rarely,by no means,not only,not until,at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,in no way,no sooner,hardly,scarcely等。,10/78,2当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。,Only when he returned from work did we know the truth.,只有当他下班回来后，我们才知道真相。,11/78,3so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装结构。,(1)“sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面所说必定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“也是如此”。,Ive got an enormous amount of work to do.,So have I.,我有大量工作要做。,我也如此。,12/78,(2)“neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面否定内容也适合用于另一人或物，意为“也不这么”。,Liu Jia cant answer the question.,Neither/Nor can Peter.,刘佳回答不上来这个问题。,彼得也回答不上来。,4在so/such.that.结构中，当“so形容词/副词”或“such名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。,So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.,他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。,13/78,5在as/though引导让步状语从句中，当从句表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。假如位于句首是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。,Hard as they tried,they couldnt make her change her mind.,尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。,6.,在含有,had/were/should,的虚拟条件句中，可省略,if,，将,had/were/should,放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。,Had Mark invited,me,I would have been glad to come.,要是马克邀请了我的话，我会很愿意来的。,14/78,(二)完全倒装,完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几个形式：,1表示时间、地点和动作转移副词，如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此时，句子多用普通现在时或普通过去时。,The moment the bell rang,out rushed the children.,铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。,15/78,2当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了防止头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。,Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,all covered with blood.,公共汽车前面躺着一个受伤人，满身是血。,3有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，组成“表语系动词主语”完全倒装结构。,Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.,出席晚会有格林先生，还有许多别宾客。,16/78,省略,（一）状语从句省略,在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，能够用省略结构。省略必须具备两个条件：,1从句主语是it或主从句主语一致；,2从句谓语动词含有be动词。,此时能够省略从句主语和be动词。,Film has a much shorter history,especially,when(it is)compared to such art forms as music and painting.,电影历史短得多，尤其是与音乐、绘画这些艺术形式相比。,Unless(it is)necessary,youd better not turn to him.,除非有必要，你最好不要向他请求帮助。,17/78,（二）不定式省略,在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词,(,短语,),，只保留不定式符号,to,。否定形式的省略用,not to,。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有,be,have,have been,通常保留这些词。,I asked him to go with me,but he didnt want,to,(go with me).,我叫他和我一起去，但他不想（和我一起去）。,The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was,asked by the police,not to,.,这个司机想把车停靠在路边，但,警察不让他那样做。,课标全国,2013,18/78,省略不定式符号,to,几个情况,(1),感官动词,(see,look at,notice,watch,observe,listen to,hear,feel,等）,和使役动词（,make,have,let,等,),后带不定式作宾语补足语时要省,略,to,；但当宾语补足语变为主语补足语时，不定式要加上,to,。,He often,makes,his sister,do,the housework for him.,=His sister,is,often,made to do,the housework for him.,他经常让他妹妹替他做家务,。,19/78,(2)but,（“除,之外”,）或,except,后跟不定式时，如果,but,或,except,前,有实义动词,do,的某种形式，其后的不定式要省略,to,；但but,或,except,前没有实义动词,do,的某种形式时，后接的不定式不省略,to,。,They,did,nothing,but watch,TV last night.,他们昨晚除了看电视什么都没做。,If he takes on this work,he will,have,no choice,but to meet,an even,greater challenge.,如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之,外他别无选择。,陕西,20/78,（二）用,so,和,not,代替句子内容省略结构,为了避免重复前面所说的话，常用,so,或,not,代替名词性从句，此时不用,it,或,that,代替。这种省略常发生在,think,believe,expect,suppose,guess,imagine,hope,be afraid,等动词之后。,Do you think our team will win the basketball match?,Yes,I,think so,./No,I,am afraid not,.,你认为我们队会赢得这场篮球赛吗？,是的，我认为会赢。,/,不，恐怕不会。,【,尤其注意,】,在,if,条件句中，也能够用,so,或,not,代替上文提到内容。,if so,意为“假如那样话”；,if not,意为“假如不话”。,21/78,感叹句,感叹句惯用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。,1what引导感叹句,Whata/anadj.可数名词单数主语谓语！,Whatadj.可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！,What a strange plant!Ive never seen it before.,这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。,What lovely children they are!,他们是多么可爱孩子啊！,22/78,2how引导感叹句,Howadj.a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！,Howadj./adv.主语谓语！,How主语谓语！,How interesting a story it is!,What an interesting story it is!,这是多么有趣一个故事啊！,How time flies!,时间过得真快啊！,23/78,反意疑问句,1陈说部分含有宾语从句反意疑问句,普通情况下，其疑问部分应和主句保持一致。但假如主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,guess或be sure等，且主句主语为第一人称时，其疑问部分主语和时态与宾语从句主语和时态保持一致。,I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did,didnt I?,我告诉他们并非每个人都能像你一样跑得那么快，是不是？,I dont think the football team is likely to win,is it?,我认为那支足球队不会获胜，是吗？,24/78,2祈使句反意疑问句,祈使句后反意疑问句不表示反问，而表示一个语气。其结构为：,必定祈使句，will/wont you？,否定祈使句，will you？,Let us.，will you？,Lets.，shall we？,Close the window,will/wont you?,关上窗户，好吗？,Lets go to the bookstore,shall we?,我们去书店，好吗？,25/78,There,be,句型,there be,句式中的,be,可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。,There have been,many great changes in our country since then.,自从那时起我国就发生了很多巨变。,There must be,a mistake somewhere.,某个地方一定存在错误。,26/78,there be,句式中的,be,有时可用,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be,have to be,be expected to be,remain,live,stand,lie,exist,等替换。,There seems to be,an announcement about the project.,关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。,There happened to be,a man walking by.,碰巧有一个人路过。,27/78,如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，则谓语动词,be,应和离它最近的主语保持一致。,There is a knife,and two pens in his pocket.,他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。,There are two pens,and a knife in his pocket.,他的口袋里有两支钢笔和一把小刀。,there be,结构的主谓一致,28/78,考点,1,强调句,1.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.(,天津，,13),A.who B.which C.where D.that,解析,考查强调句型判定。句意为：你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接游客。从了解思绪上先看本句是不是强调句型：,It is/was,被强调部分,that/who,剩下部分。强调句判断方法是将,It is/was,与,that/who,去掉后，句子意思依然清楚，结构依然完整。经判断，,“The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”,句子成份完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调内容是地点，故空格处应填,that,。,考点突破,29/78,2.Bach died in 1750,，,but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.(,重庆，,9),A.while B.though,C.that D.after,解析,考查强调句。句意为：巴赫于,1750,年逝世，不过他音乐才能一直到,19,世纪早期才完全被认可。本句是一个强调句型，其基本结构是：,It is/was,被强调部分,that,其它部分，本句被强调部分是,not until the early 19th century,，故选,C,。,30/78,3.It was when we were returning home _I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(,湖南，,21),A.which B.that,C.where D.how,解析,考查强调句。句意为：正是在我们快要回到家时候，我才意识到帮助有困难人感觉多么美妙！强调句型基本结构为：,It is/was,被强调部分,that其它部分。假如强调人，,that,还能够改为,who,，不过强调时间或者地点时只能使用,that,。,31/78,4.Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr.Smith got angry,？,(,四川，,3),A.WhyB.who,C.where D.that,解析,考查强调句普通疑问句。所强调是原因状语从句,because Jack came late for school,，故选,that,。句意为：是不是因为,Jack,上学迟到史密斯先生才生气？,32/78,考点归纳,强调句型中,6,个考查重点：,1.,强调句型疑问句,在强调句中，不论被强调部分是什么句子成份，变为疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将,“It is/was,被强调部分,that/who,其它成份,”,改为,“Is/Was it,被强调部分,that/who,其它成份？,”,或,“,疑问词,is/was,it,that,其它成份？,”,结构。,Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?,是不是她考试不及格使她父母不高兴？,When was it that she changed her mind?,她什么时候改变主意？,33/78,2.,在对,not.until,结构中,until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中,not,移至,until,之前，组成,It is/was not until.that.,结构。注意,that,从句中谓语动词要变成必定形式，而且不再采取倒装语序。,I didn,t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,直到她摘下她深色眼镜我才意识到她是个著名影星34/78,3.,假如由特殊疑问词引导强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈说语序，不可用疑问语序。,He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.,他问我是谁错拿了他伞。,4.,强调句型结构与定语从句混合使用。,在高考试题中，为了增加试题难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构愈加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。,It was here that he fell off his bicycle.,这里正是他从自行车上摔下来地方。,35/78,5.,强调句型与时间状语从句辨析。,当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉,“it is/was”,和连词,“that”,原句依然完整。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉,“it is/was”,和连词,“when/before”,，原句则不完整。,It was at 14,：,28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(,强调句型,),是在,14,点,28,分严重地震暴发了。,It was 14,：,28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(,时间状语从句,),当严重地震暴发时是,14,点,28,分。,36/78,6.,强调句型中反意疑问句式。,在强调句型中，其反意疑问句主语及助动词必须与主句,It is/was.,保持一致。,It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,，,isn,t it?,是,Mary,而不是你想问我那件事，是吗？,37/78,考点,2,倒装句,1.Not until recently _ the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas.(,江苏，,34),A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged,C.did they encourage D.they encouraged,解析,考查倒装句。句意为：直到最近他们才勉励农村地域发展与旅游相关活动。依据时间状语,recently,可知本句应用普通过去时。,“,Not until,状语,”,位于句首，句子采取部分倒装语序，所以选,C,。,38/78,2.Only when Lily walked into the office _ that she had left the contract at home.(,天津，,3),A.she realized B.has she realized,C.she has realized D.did she realize,解析,考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把协议忘在家里了。,“,only,状语从句,”,位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。依据时间状语从句,when Lily walked into the office,可知要用普通过去时。故答案为,D,。,39/78,3._ no modern telecommunications,，,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(,福建，,32),A.Were there B.Had there been,C.If there are D.If there have been,解析,考查,if,虚拟条件句中倒装。依据主句中,would have to,以及句意可知，本句是一个与现在事实相反虚拟语气，从句应用普通过去时。当虚拟条件句中有,had,，,should,，,were,时，能够将,if,去掉，然后把,had,，,should,，,were,提到主语前面。,40/78,1.,部分倒装结构高考热点：,(1),否定词位于句首倒装。,表示否定副词,never,，,nor,，,neither,，表示半否定意义副词,hardly,，,few,，,seldom,，,little,，含有,no,和,not,词组,by no means(,决不,),，,at no time(,在任何时候都不,),，,not until,，,not only,，,no sooner,。,Never have I seen such a good performance.,我从来都没见过这么好演出。,考点归纳,41/78,Not only was Einstein a world-famous scientist,，,but he also was a fairly good violinist.,爱因斯坦不但是世界闻名科学家，而且还是一个相当不错小提琴家。,Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.,直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。,42/78,(2),“,only,状语,”,置于句首倒装。,“,only,状语,”,置于句首时句子要用部分倒装。,(,强调主语、宾语，句子不倒装,),Only then did I know the truth.,直到那时我才知道真相。,Only in this way can you work out this question.,只有用这种方法你才能处理这个问题。,Only after his mother came back was he able to go to school.,只有他母亲回来后，他才能够去上学。,43/78,(3)so,，,neither,，,nor,引导倒装。,用,“,so,助动词,/,情态动词,/,系动词主语,”,表示前面叙述情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为,“,也，一样，也如此,”,。表示前面叙述否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用,“,neither,/nor,助动词,/,情态动词,/,系动词主语,”,。,Society has changed and so have the people in it.,社会变了，人也变了。,44/78,注意：,当,so,表示对前句内容必定、附和，或深入强调前面所说情况，或者赞同前面说法时，应用自然语序。意为,“,确实，正是,”,。,Tom works hard.,So he does and so do you.,汤姆工作很卖力。,确实如此，你也是。,倒装部分助动词、情态动词、连系动词时态和形式要与前句相一致。,If you don,t go,，,neither/nor shall I.(If you don,t go,，,I shall not go.),你不去，我也不去。,45/78,表示前面各种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者现有必定又有否定情况或包括到不一样类型动词时可用：,It is the same with sth./sb.,或,So it is with sth./sb.,句型。,She does well in English,，,but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.,她英语学得好，但数学学得差，露茜也是如此。,46/78,(4)as,，,though,引导让步状语从句时倒装。句式为：表语,/,状语,/,动词原形,as/though,主语其它。表语前名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略。,Clever as he is,，,he doesn,t study well.,即使他很聪明，但他学习不好。,Child as he is,he knows a lot.,即使他是个孩子，但他知道不少事情。,Much as I like it,，,I won,t buy it.,即使我非常喜欢它，但我不买。,Try as she might,，,she failed.,即使她试过了，但还是失败了。,47/78,(5)so/such.that,句型中,so/such,位于句首时，,so/such,后句子倒装。,So frightened was she that she did not dare to move an inch.,她如此害怕，以至于一寸也不敢动。,Such an interesting story is this that I decide to buy it.(that,引导结果状语从句，不作成份,),Such an interesting story is this as I decide to buy.(as,引导定语从句，且作,buy,宾语,),这是如此好小说以至于我决定买下来。,48/78,(6),假如虚拟条件句谓语含有,were,，,should,，,had,，能够把,if,省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前组成倒装。,If you had asked me,，,I would have told you everything.,Had you asked me,，,I would have told you everything.,假如你问过我，我就会把一切都告诉你了。,(7),一些表示祝福句子也用倒装语序。,May you succeed.,祝你成功！,Long live the Communist Party of China!,中国共产党万岁！,49/78,2.,全部倒装结构高考热点：,(1),以,here,，,there,，,out,，,in,，,up,，,down,，,away,等副词开头，谓语动词多为,be,，,come,，,go,等。,There flows a fiver at the foot of the mountain.,山脚下有,条河。,(2),以,then,，,now,，,thus,开头，谓语动词多为,come,，,follow,，,begin,，,end,，,be,而且主语又是名词,/,名词词组。,(,若主语是代词，则不能倒装,),Now comes your turn!,该你了！,50/78,(3),当地点类介词短语位于句首且后有不及物动词,be,，,come,，,sit,，,live,，,stand,，,lie,，,exist,等时。,On the ground lay an old man,，,who was dying.,地上躺着一位老人，奄奄一息。,(4)such,作表语，置于句首，表示,“,这么人,/,事物；上述人,/,事物,”,。,be,动词须与后面主语保持一致。,Such is their decision.,他们决定就是这么。,51/78,考点,3,祈使句,1.Always _ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(,湖南，,31),A.to keep B.to have kept,C.keep D.have kept,解析,考查祈使句。句意为：一直要记住：你主要任务是使这家企业运转顺利。祈使句普通以动词原形开头，故用,keep,。,keep in mind,记住，是固定搭配。,52/78,2._ me tomorrow and I,ll let you know the lab result.,(,纲领全国，,33),A.Calling B.CallC.To call D.Having called,解析,考查祈使句。句意为：明天给我打电话，我会让你知道试验结果。分析句子结构可知，此处是,“,祈使句,and,陈说句,”,这一固定句式结构，故,B,项正确。,53/78,1.,祈使句否定式在动词前加,dont,。祈使句带主语时，其否定式把,dont,放在主语前。,Dont you speak so loud.,你不要那么大声说话。,2.,注意句型：祈使句,and/or/otherwise,普通未来时陈说句。,Close the door of fear behind you,，,and you will see the door of faith open before you.,关闭你身后恐惧之门，你就会看到信念之门在你面前打开。,考点归纳,54/78,3.,上面句型中祈使句也可用名词短语形式。,One more step and youll succeed.,再走一步，你就会成功。,55/78,考点,4,省略,1.If _ for the job,，,you,ll be informed soon.(,北京，,31),A.to accept B.accept,C.accepting D.accepted,解析,考查状语从句省略。句意为：假如你被录用做这份工作话，你将会很快得到通知。本题中,if,之后省略了主语和,be,动词，补充完整为：,If you are accepted for the job,，所以选,D,。,56/78,2.The climate here is quite pleasant,，,the temperature rarely,，,_,，,reaching 30 in summer.(,福建，,28),A.if not B.if ever,C.if any D.if so,解析,考查省略句。句意为：这里气候相当宜人，假如曾经有话，夏天也极少到达,30,。,if ever,为省略句，补全完整为：,if the climate here has ever reached 30,in summer,。,57/78,1.,状语从句中省略,由,when,，,while,，,if,，,as if,，,although/though,，,as,，,until,，,once,，,whether,，,unless,，,where,等引导状语从句中，假如其谓语为,be,，而主语与主句主语相同时，则从句主语和,be,可省略；假如从句主语为,it,时，谓语为,be,，也可省略从句中,it,和,be,。,When(I am)in trouble,，,I always turn to my classmates for help.,碰到麻烦时，我总是找同学帮忙。,If(it is)possible,，,t