动词的时态市公开课特等奖市赛课微课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,动词,时态,第1页,考点解析：,1.,主要考查知识点：,(1)动词过去时、完成时使用方法及区分,(2)时态在被动语态中表达,(3)依据语境选取正确时态,2.,复习重点：,(1)掌握动词各种时态使用方法，尤其是过去时和完成时。,(2)掌握各种时态使用方法区分。,(3)掌握被动语态时态以及不能用被动语态情况。,3.,怎样应对动词时态和语态考查,动词时态和语态考查往往结合在一起。解题时，应该要结合时间状语或上下文提醒，分析题干句子语境，确定正确时态。包括语态问题应考虑是不是主动表被动情况。,第2页,1普通现在时,规则1：表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)，如：,(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun.改错(movedmoves),规则2：表示现实状况、性质、状态时，多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性动作时，多用动作动词，且常与表频率时间状语连用,：,(2)We always care for each other and help each other.,规则3：表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象关系或概念词：see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong to,seem等惯用普通现在时,(3)All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School.改错(is belongingbelong),第3页,规则4：少数用于表示起止动作瞬间动词，如：come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,open,close,end,stop用普通现在时，表示一个按要求、计划或安排要发生动作,(4)The shop will close at 11：00 pm.改错(will closecloses),规则5：在the morethe more句型中，前者通惯用普通现在时代替普通未来时,(5)The harder you study,the better results you will get.,规则6：在make sure,see to it,mind,care,matter后宾语从句谓语动词用普通现在时代替普通未来时,(6)See to it that you are not late again.,【注意】,在时间、条件状语从句中惯用普通现在时代替未来时。但要注意由if 引导条件状语从句中能够用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。,第4页,对普通现在时考查,1.考查其基本概念：,普通现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性动作。常与表示习惯副词always,every time,now and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually 等连用。但近几年，对普通现在时考查惯用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。,1)Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea,which _the Pacific,and we met no storm.（辽宁卷）,A.was called,B.is called,C.had been called,D.has been called,第5页,2.考查普通现在时,替换使用方法,：,在以when,till/until,as soon as,by the time,after,before等引导时间状语从句，在以if,unless,once等引导条件状语从句和以no matter,however,even if 等词引导让步状语从句中，假如,主句,中动词用,普通未来时,，,从句,中动词通惯用,普通现在时或现在完成时,代替,普通未来时,。,What would you do if it _ tomorrow?,We have to carry it on,since weve got everything ready.（全国卷）,A.rain,B.rains,C.will rain,D.is raining,第6页,2.普通过去时,规则1：普通过去时，表示过去事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去详细时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；如(1)中met。用于表示过去习惯，表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望事,(1)I met her in the street yesterday.I think the film would be interesting,but it isnt.改错(thinkthought),规则2：假如从句中有一个过去时间状语，尽管从句中动作先于主句发生，但从句中谓语动词仍用过去式,(2)He told me he read an interesting novel last night.,第7页,对普通过去时考查,普通过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生动作或存在状态，它常与表过去时间状语连用，如yesterday,last year,last night,the other day,just now,then,two days ago,in 1999,at that time等。不过普通过去时也经惯用在没有说明过去时间状语句子中，这是高考命题方向。,More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.（上海卷）A.sent,B.were sent,C.had sent,D.had been sent,第8页,3.普通未来时,规则1：表示未来动作或状态，常与表示未来时间状语连用，如tomorrow，next week等。,规则2：表示一个趋向或习惯动作,(1)Well die without air or water.,规则3：表示趋向行为动词，如：come，go，start，begin，leave等，惯用进行时形式表示未来时,(2)Its said that he is coming this afternoon.,(3)Youve left the light on.,Oh,so I have.Ill go and turn it off.,(4)Work hard,and you will pass the exam.,(5)A meeting is to be held at 3：00 this afternoon.,第9页,注意,:,be going to与will,shall,be to do,be about to do区分：,(1)shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时暂时作出决定，如(3)。,(2)在祈使句and/or陈说句句型中，陈说句中只能用will/情态动词动词原形，如(4)。,(3)be going to表示现在打算最近或未来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to不能用在条件状语从句主句中；而will则能，表意愿。be going to 还表示有迹象表明即将发生动作或状态。,If it is fine,well go fishing.(),If it is fine,we are going to go fishing.(),(4)be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等，如(5)。,(5)be about to do sth.表示“即将，就要”，在时间上指最近未来，后面不能接时间状语。,第10页,4现在进行时,规则1：表示说话时正在发生着一个动作或表示现阶段或近期某特定安排或计划，,(1)He is teaching English and learning Chinese,.,规则2：与always,often等频度副词连用，表经常重复行动或某种感情色彩，,(,2)The girl is always talking loud in public.,第11页,注意:普通情况下，下面4类动词不宜用现在进行时：,(1)表示心理状态、情感动作：,like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。,(2)表存在状态动词：,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,depend on。,(3)表示瞬时性动作动词：,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。,(4)表示感官动词：,see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。,第12页,对现在进行时考查,由上下文语境表示时间。,1)Whats the terrible noise？The neighbors _ for a partyA.have prepared,B.are preparing,C.prepare,D.will prepare,2)Because the shop _,all the T-shirts are sold at half price.,A.,has closed down,B.closed down,C.is closing down,D.had closed down,3)Are you still busy?,Yes,I _ my work,and it wont take long.,Ajust finish,B.am just finishing,Chave just finished,D.am just going to finish,第13页,5现在完成时,规则1：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在动作或状态。常与since时间点，for时间段及介词短语：during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years等连用，,(1)Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years.,规则2：表示到现在为止已完成动作，强调结果对现在造成影响。,规则3：非延续性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等完成时态，在必定句中不能与for 或since 等引导段时间连用，要转化为对应意义延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用,(2)I have kept the computer for a year.,第14页,注意,:,现在完成时与普通过去时区分：,(1)即使动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时强调对现在造成影响，而普通过去时动作与现在没任何联络了。,I have closed the door.(强调现在门还是关着),I closed the door.(强调过去曾发生关门动作),(2)以下句型中惯用现在完成时：,It is(has been)一段时间 since从句,This(That/It)is the first(second)time that现在完成时,This(That/It)is the onlythat现在完成时,This(That/It)is the best/finest/most interesting that现在完成时。,(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时能够代替普通未来时,。,第15页,对现在完成时考查,1.现在完成时表示过去动作对现在影响或表示经验。,2.现在完成时表示过去动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。,1)He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(湖北),A.,were decidingB.have decidedC.decided,D.will decide,2)Millions of pounds worth of damage _by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.（重庆）,A.,has been caused,B.had been caused,C.will be caused,D.will have been caused,第16页,3.考查现在完成时与普通过去式区分：,普通过去时着重说明动作发生时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联络，且句中普通有表示过去时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在情况，对现在有影响。,Where _the recorder?I cant see it anywhere.（98NMET）,I _ it right here.But now its gone.A.did you put;have put,B.have you put;put,C.had you put;was putting,D.were you putting;put,第17页,注意：终止性动词,由终止性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,begin,start,put,stop,start,put,stop,die,fall,buy,borrow,see等组成完成时不能与for或since引导时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词否定式能够与for或since短语连用。,Eg.I havent met him for two years.,第18页,6过去完成时,规则1：在by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间短语或从句，其谓语动词则表示在某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了动作，即“过去过去”，,(1)By the end of last year,we had produced 20,000 cars.,规则2：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻动作或状态，即“从过去到过去”，,(2)When Jack arrived,Mary had_been_away(离开)for almost an hour.,规则3：表示未曾实现希望、打算、意图、诺言等。惯用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expectedto do或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/planned to have done，,(3)I had_hoped_to_send_him(本打算送给他)a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so.,第19页,注意,：,1),“时间名词 before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用普通过去时，,He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.,Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.,2)表示“一就”几个句型：,Hardly/scarcelywhen(before),，,No soonerthan如We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No_sooner_had we been_seated than the bus started.,3)在before或after引导时间状语从句中用普通过去时态代替过去完成时，After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.,4)It/That/This was the first(second,third)time that(从句中用过去完成时态)，,It was the second time that he had been out with her.,5)than sb.had thought/expected/hoped/wanted,We arrived earlier than we had expected.,第20页,常见考点有：,把过去完成时放在含有when,before,after,until,as soon as等引导时间状语从句复合句中考查。1)When the old man _ to walk back to his house,the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A.started;had already hidden,B.had started;had already hidden,C.had started;was hiding,D.was starting;hid,把过去完成时放在by+过去时间点或by the time+从句（普通过去时）句子里考查。By the end of last year,another new gymnasium _ in Beijing.A.would be completed,B.was being completed,C.has been completed,D.had been completed,第21页,7.过去未来时,规则：过去未来时表示从过去某个时间看将要发生事情，,I said I would arrange everything.,第22页,注意：,(1)was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表过去未来，was/were about to do sth.常与when搭配，,I was about to leave when the telephone rang.,(2)come,go,leave等用过去进行时表过去未来时。,第23页,8.过去进行时,规则1：过去某一时刻正在进行动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生，,During the summer of she was traveling in Europe.,规则2：某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，惯用于由while引导时间状语从句中，I met Diana while I was shopping this morning.,规则3：过去进行时能够表示委婉语气，,I was wondering if you could give me a lift.,第24页,对过去进行时考查,1.把过去进行时放在when,while,as 等引导时间状语从句中考查。假如主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长用过去进行时，表示谈话背景；动作时间短用普通过去时，表示新信息。,You were out when I dropped in at your house.,Oh,I _ for a friend from England at the airport.（福建卷）A.was waiting,B.had waited,C.am waiting,D.have waited,2.把过去进行时放在某特定语境中考查。,Has Sam finished his homework today?,I have no idea.He _ it this morning.（全国卷）A.did,B.has done,C.was doing,D.had done,3.考查过去进行时与普通过去时比较。Shirley _a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.(98）A.has written,B.wrote,C.had written,D.was writing,第25页,