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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,LOGO,*,首字母填空 第二讲,&,第三讲,&,第四讲,判断词性、句子成份、句子结构篇,第1页,1,判断词性,2,分析句子成份,3,总结句子结构,第2页,Do you still remember?,第3页,名词,考虑其单复数形式,动词,考虑其时态、语态及搭配,形容词,考虑要不要用比较级或最高级，是否需要变成副词,逐空验证词尾是否要加-s/-es，-s/-ing/-ed，,（快速）通读全文，检验拼写错误。,后续的工作,第4页,开胃小菜,Many famous people f_ lots of times before they succeeded.,1.,确定词性,2.,找出判断依据,3.,注意时态,动词,填,succeeded,反义词,succeeded,是过去式，,fail,也应该是,failed,ailed,第5页,有没有一个经历：这个词我想出来了，100%确定是正确，结果试卷一发下来，,真相只有一个：,你不会判断词性！,第6页,首字母填空题考查是语篇了解过程中分析判断，句子成份与词性对应关系，语法结构，词义辨析等全方位综合能力。,所以准确判断词性是做好首填题一大必备技能。,第7页,1,动词（,Verbs,）,2,名词（,Nouns,）,3,形容词（,Adjectives),4,副词（,Adverbs),7,介词（,Prepositions,）,9,冠词（,Articles,）,8,数词（,Numerals,）,5,代词（,Pronouns),10,感叹词（,Interjections,）,6,连词（,Conjunctions),英语词性的分类,第8页,实词,（实义词）,表示完整意词汇意义,动词,v,名词,n,形容词,adj,副词,adv,动作或状态,人或事物名称,人或事物特征，修饰名词,动作状态或特征，修饰动、形、副、全句,虚词,（功效词）,没有完整词汇意义，只表示语法意义,助动,aux,代,pron.,连词,conj.,介词,prep.,冠词,art.,Do,can,many,must,will,等，置于主动词之前,代替名词、数词、形容词,连接单词、词组、分句逻辑词,用在名词性成份（名词、代词）之前,在名词之前，限定所指范围,数词,num.,表示数目（基数词）或次序（序数词）,感叹词,int.,oh,，,hello,，,hi,，,yeah,等,（注：数词与感叹词介于实义词与功效词二者之间）,第9页,词性判断,The doctor looked him over and told him not to e_ meat and sugar.,1.,去除枝干（包含,not,）,2.,词组搭配：,tell sb to do,3.,经过,meat and sugar,来确定词性,第10页,有,the,就填最高级,Tea is the o_ drink in the world.It has 5000 years of history in China.,1.,判断词性,2.,找出判断依据，确定单词,3.,注意词形,形容词,ldest,第11页,In the USA,，,headmasters and teachers discipline(,处罚,)students in many ways.The teacher often w_ to or calls the students parents.,1.,去除枝干,The teacher w_ to the parents.,2.,确定词性,动词,3.,找出同义词,(,解题关键词,),4.,结束了吗？说说你答案！,calls就是三单，空格和call是并列关系，也应该填三单。,rites,第12页,Years ago,mobile phones were rather e_.Only important people and people w_ a lot of money had them.,1.,注意感情色彩，找出关键词,only,2.,把,important people,了解为有权人，后面就是有钱人。有：,there be,（短语），,have/has,（动词），,with,（介词）,xpensive,ith,第13页,These days,the prices have been greatly reduced,and mobile phones come in small size and d_ colors.So more and more people,e_ school students,have them in their hands.,1.,了解题意，手机价格降低，颜色多彩化,2.,注意感情色彩。主谓宾齐全，,非介即副,。甚至是,ifferent,ven,第14页,高频考点：副词,怎样确定填副词，首先要清楚副词位置，它位置普通在：,1,）动词，形容词，地点、时间状语前，起强调作用,2,）动词后修饰，深入说明,3,）句前句后表示时间，地点,常考副词有：表强调副词,only,，,even,，,especially,，,still,，,also,，,always,，,almost,，,already,；表否定,hardly,，,never,，,seldom,，,rarely,等；句中用逗号隔开,however,，句后,again,，,together,，,altogether,，,instead,，,soon,，,anywhere,等，句中,sometimes,，,usually,等。,第15页,He is old e_ for drinking.,主系表结构俱全，后面,for drinking,就是“浮云”，所以,e,开头单词和,old,相关，就是修饰,old,副词，填,enough.,开挂技巧,:,凡是看不出是什么词性，普通都是副词。,第16页,especially,和,even,Especially,：尤其是。,1.,强调，特指。,2,）常表示后面人或事本应怎么样，理所应该怎么样,Some young people in the United States,e_ college students,do not go out on traditional days.,解析：,young people,包含,college students,，所以不是递进关系副词,even,，而是,especially,第17页,We shoud give the seat to the people who need it on the bus,e_ for the old.,分析：在公交车上，我们应该把作为让给有需要人士，尤其是老人。这里也是强调，特指老人，所以。也能够了解为老人理所应该享受座位。,第18页,Even,：甚至。,1.,递进关系,2.,常表示后面人或事没被寄予多大希望而“锦上添花”，也可能是情况越来越糟“屋漏偏遭连夜雨”,Everyone should do their best to protect environment_ the teenagers.,分析：大家都来保护环境，还有青少年，属于“锦上添花”，有递进关系，那就是,even,第19页,中考真题练习,【,例,1】Anna was on the diet for two months.Her doctor was pleased with her.“You have been very good,”he said“You can eat some of the foods you like best.,but only a little.Dont eat too many sweets.If you do,you will get a lot of weight a_.,“But when you eat it,it makes you sick.Its not a good food for you.”“You are right,，”,said Frank.“Well,Ill eat more cake i_.,【,分析,】,这两题填副词，都在句末，分析句子不缺乏主要成份，基本确定填副词，再略微看一下上下文，脑子里惯用副词放一遍，确定填,again,及,instead,。,第20页,【,例,2】Some people say that reading is out of date,（过时，陈旧）,.This is not true.You have to be able to read to use a computer and,the better you read,the better your computer skills will be.Reading is h_ out of date!,【,分析,】,动词前后副词不是强调就是否定，看一下句意，确定应填否定，,h,开头当然是,hardly,了。,第21页,【,例,3】I realized that he was Jack,a friend from my school days in England.At the same time he a_ realized who I was.,【,分析,】,以,a,开头副词，同学们经常不能很好地确定是,also,、,always,还是,almost,。我们不妨先学习填,also,诀窍：假如本句所述内容与上句一致，如此句中动作与上句一致，都是,realize,，就确定填,also,（也）。,第22页,【,例,4】Have a warm bath-its a great way to relax.But n_ stay in the bathroom too long.More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy.,【,分析,】,此处需填副词很多同学都填错为,not,，就是没有掌握好基本规则，,动词前用副词,never,、,not,必须与助动词连用，而,no,后必须接名词或动名词。,第23页,实词，就要注意名词单复数和动词时态、语态，形容词比较级最高级和副词形式；,假如是介词，要注意前后相关词组；,假如是副词，要注意感情色彩，结合上下文判断句子语气，选择贴切副词。,Summary,第24页,正餐开吃,第25页,Mr.Wu is getting old.He is l_ the school soon.The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_.Among t_ are cards,note-books,photos and books.Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves.,Photos will h_ Mr.Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students.Next week,t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.,分析：通读短文以后发觉,Mr.Wu,是一位老师,.,。从,old,可推断他很快要退休了,“,l_”,应为谓语动词,leaving;,“s_”,是第三句主语,结合,have,判断为,students;,“h_,是,give,宾语,判断为,him;,“p_”,内容是,cards,note-books,所以判断为名词,presents;,“t_”,是介词,among,宾语,应为,them;,“m_”,处于,be done by,结构中,应为过去分词,made;,“h_”,位于情态动词,will,之后,应为动词原形,help;,“t_”,是,remember,宾语,而且受到,happy,修饰应为,time,“t_”,是主语,名词或代词,teachers/they;,“p_”,是,have,宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词,party,“s_”,前有,to,分析成份为目标状语,to do,即,to say,第26页,Years ago,mobile phones were rather e_1_.Only important people and people w_2_ a lot of money had them.These days,the prices have been greatly reduced,and mobile phones come in small size and d_3_ colors.So more and more people,_4_ school students,have them in their hands.,It is t_5_ that it is an easy way to keep in touych with friends at any time and in any places.But in places like clssrooms,movie theatred and museums,where everyone should be quiet or talk in a low v_6_,we can also hear mobile phones ringing.Some drivers have accidents for using mobile phones while d_7_.W_8_ of all,some studenys who cant p_9_ their phone bills do something illegal(,不正当,)to get the money.So,are mobile phones r_10_ a good thing?,5.true 6.voice 7.driving 8.worst 9.pay 10.really,第27页,PART 02,句子成份篇,第28页,例句,:,I】【played】a【red】【basketball】【yesterday in the house】,主 谓 定 宾 状,I,是主语，发出动作人或物。,play,是谓语，就是一个动词，动词包含行为动词如,play,go,listen,就是一个动作，还包含,be,动词即,am is are been,basketball,就是宾语，宾语就是行为动词后面那个词（就是动作承受者）,yesterday,是时间状语，,in the house,是地点状语,状语能够表结果，时间，地点，状态，原因，目标,red,按词性划分是形容词，按句子成份划分就是定语，修饰,baskeball,第29页,句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成。组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。,句子成份包含：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。,主语和谓语是句子主体部分,.,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里组成部分。其它成份如定语和状语是句子次要成份。,第30页,一、主语（,subject,）,:,句子说明人或事物。大多数主语都在句首。,The sun rises in the east.(,名词,),He likes dancing.(,代词,),Twenty years is a short time in history.(,数词,),Seeing is believing.(,动名词,),To see is to believe.(,不定式,),What he needs is a book.(,主语从句,),It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语,),第31页,(1),对主语判断,1._ are helpful to students.(teach),2._ is more important to me than money.(healthy),3.Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our school in August.(science),4._ is my favourite sport.(fish),5._ stamps is my hobby.(collect),Key:1.Teachers 2.Health 3.scientists 4.Fishing 5.Collecting,分析：主语是动作发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（,1-,题）；,动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应名词或,doing,（、）。,第32页,二、谓语（,predicate,）,:,说明主语动作、状态和特征。谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：,He can speak German.,We study English.,He fell asleep.,第33页,(2),对谓语判断,John was standing on the step of a house.An old woman c_ over to him.“My boy,”she a_,“Is your father at home?”“Yes,”a_ John.The woman began r_ the bell.She rang and rang,but there was no answer.At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily,“Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?”“I did”,answered John,“but this i_ my house.”,Key:came asked answered ringing turned said say isnt,分析：语篇中所缺字除,ringing,以外均为谓语动词。,谓语是句子所表示动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。,当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识基础上，才能作出正确判断。多做用动词适当形式填空有利于对动词形式判断。,第34页,begin to do,和,begin doing,能够交换，但在以下三种情况下，用,to do:,（,1,）,.,主语不是指人，而是,it,等。如,:It began to rain.,（,2,）,.begin,后接表示心理活动词。如,:begin to know,，,believe,，,wonder,，,think,等。（,3,）,.begin,本身是,ing,形式，为防止重复后接,to do,即,beginning to do,第35页,三、表语（,predicative,）,:,表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词词或短语来充当，它位置于系动词后面。,形容词作表语,You look younger than before.,名词作表语,My father is a teacher.,副词作表语,Everyone is here.,介词短语作表语,They are at the theatre.,不定式作表语,My job is to teach them English.,动名词作表语,Her job is training the nurses.,从句作表语,That is why he didnt come to school yesterday.,第36页,常见系动词有,:be,sound(,听起来,),，,look(,看起来,),，,feel(,摸起来,),，,smell(,闻起来,),，,taste(,尝、吃起来,),，,remain(,保持，仍是,),，,feel(,感觉,).,It sounds a good idea.,The sound sounds strange.,Her voice sounds sweet.,Tom looks thin.,The food smells delicious.,The food tastes good.,The door remains open.,Now I feel tired.,第37页,(3),对表语判断,It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon.(possible),2.The sick man is getting _.(ill),3.Petter is going to be a(n)_ when he grows up.(engine),4.Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again.,（,usually,）,5.Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members.,（,please,）,Key:1.impossible 2.worse 3.engineer 4.unusual 5.pleasure,分析：表语是连系动词后接成份。词性主要为形容词，名词,介词短语。动词必须改成,to do,doing,或,done,形式。,第38页,三、宾语,1),动作承受者,动宾,I like China.(,名词,),He hates you.(,代词,),How many do you need?We need two.(,数词,),I enjoy working with you.(,动名词,),I hope to see you again.(,不定式,),Did you write down what he said?(,宾语从句,),第39页,2),介词后名词、代词和动名词,介宾,Are you afraid of the snake?,Under the snow,there are many rocks.,3),双宾语,间宾,(,指人,),和直宾,(,指物,),He gave me a book yesterday.,Give the poor man some money.,口诀：这个值（直）钱的宝物，人见（间）人爱！,第40页,(3),对宾语判断,1.Mr.Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai,after his long absence from the city.(develop),2.Thank you for your _.(kind),3.At last he sold his _.(invent),Key:1.development 2.kindness 3.invention,分析：宾语是动作承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语词性同主语词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。,第41页,四、宾补：对宾语补充，全称为宾语补足语。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为,复合宾语,。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能够作宾语补足语,.,We elected him monitor.(,名词,),We will make them happy.(,形容词,),We found nobody in.(,副词,),Please make yourself at home.(,介词短语,),Dont let him do that.(,省,to,不定式,),His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(,带,to,不定式,),Dont keep the lights burning.(,现在分词,),Ill have my bike repaired.(,过去分词,),第42页,五、主补：,对主语补充。,He was elected monitor.,She was found singing in the next room.,第43页,六、定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词词,(,过去分词,),或短语等都能够充当定语。,Amy is a chemistry teacher.(,名词,),He is our friend.(,代词,),We belong to the third world.(,数词,),He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(,形容词,),The man over there is my old friend.(,副词,),The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(,介词,),The boys playing football are in Class 2.(,现在分词,),The trees planted last year are growing well now.(,过去分词,),I have an idea to do it well.(,不定式,),You should do everything that I do.(,定语从句,),第44页,(6),对定语判断,1.The _ exams usually take place at the end of June.(finally),2.On a _ night,you can see thousands of stars in the sky.(clearly),3.This is an _book.(interest),4.The French artist said,“it is my _ time to visit,Shanghai,.I love this city so much.(one),5.The book _ by Luxun is very famous.(write),6.Its a _ day,ist it?(sun),Key:(1)final (2)clear (3)interesting (4)first (5)written (6)sunny,分析,:,：定语是修饰名词与代词成份。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称性能或用途。如：,stamp show/physics teacher,。动词必须变形为：,to do,doing,或,done,形式。,第45页,七、状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。状语普通放在句末，但有时也能够放在句首、句中。,I will go there tomorrow.,The meeting will be held in the meeting room.,The meat went bad because of the hot weather.,He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.,If you study hard,you will pass the exam.,He goes to school by bike.,Though he is young,he can do it well.,第46页,(7),对状语判断,1.The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to,Hong Kong,so _(easy),2.Watch _,and you will find the difference between the two pictures.(care),3.After flying in the storm for nearly one hour,the helicopter landed _ at last.(safe),Key:(1)easily (2)carefully (3)safely,状语：说明动作发生时间，地点，原因，方式，目标，结果，条件，伴随情况成份。,词性以副词为主，也能够是介词短语，动词必须变形为,to do,doing,或,done,。,第47页,Dreams may be more important than sleep.Some people dont need much sleep.H_(1)_,we all need to dream according to the scientists.Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time.People have several dreams e_(2)_ night.Dreams are like short films.They are usually in color.Some dreams are l_(3)_ old films.They come to us over and again.That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something.,（,1,）经过这个空格，大家很轻易判断在逗号前常出现就是转折副词,However,然而，我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验，一些人不需要太多睡眠。然而，依据科学家所说，我们都需要做梦。前后句子关系是转折关系。,（,2,）从句子成份而言，,e_ night,在句子中做时间状语，从词性来讲，,night,是跟名词，前应用形容词来修饰，所以此处应该填是,every,（,3,）在句子成份中，此处要不做是状语，要不做就是表语，若做表语（,3,）处填就应该是一个形容词或者名词，不过从整句句意来看，（,3,）应该填是介词，在整句句子中作状语，表示意思为一些梦就像是老电影,实战演练,第48页,Dreaming may be a w_(4)_ of trying to find an answer.Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams.They could have been t_(5)_ about their work all day.Then these things go into their dreams.,4,）,a,冠词后面往往跟是名词短语，而在（,4,）有介词,of,，所以（,4,）填是一个名词，结合整句句子来看，做梦可能是尝试找到一个答案方法,（,5,）,have been t_,，这个结构中很轻易看出是一个时态结构，在,be,动词后假如跟现在分词表示进行，假如,be,动词后跟过去分词，则表示被动，从此处来看不存在被动关系，所以此处应该用现在分词,thinking,，整句话意思为他们却不能一整天在谈论他们工作,第49页,Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream.But often we cant remember the dream.Dreams can d_(6)_ quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good.The m_(7)_ we sleep,the longer we dream.Our mind is hard at work when we dream.That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.Key,：,1.However2.every3.like 4.way 5.thinking6.disappear 7.more,（,6,）在,can,情态动词之后应该跟动词原形，所以（,6,）应该填是一个动词，从整句话中能够看出，梦能够从记忆中快速消失，所以用,disappear,（,7,）此句中用了一个,the+,比较级，,the+,比较级结构，从后一句来看,longer,是副词比较级，所以前者应该也用副词比较级，整句句意表示为我们睡越多，我们做梦时间就越长，所以此处填,more,第50页,Dreams may be more important than sleep.Some people dont need much sleep.However(1),we all need to dream according to the scientists.Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time.People have several dreams every(2)night.Dreams are like short films.They are usually in color.Some dreams are like(3)old films.They come to us over and again.That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something.Dreaming may be a way(4)of trying to find an answer.Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams.They could have been thinking(5)about their work all day.Then these things go into their dreams.Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream.But often we cant remember the dream.Dreams can disappear(6)quickly from memory.Too much dreaming isnt good.The more(7)we sleep,the longer we dream.Our mind is hard at work when we dream.That is why we may have a long sl
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