新编英语教程UNIT1book6新版.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,UNIT 1,TWO WORDS TO AVOID,TWO TO REMEMBER,Arthur Gordon,1/52,About the Text,It is a narrative account of the authors memorable experience with a psychiatrist(the Old Man)who brought him a sudden flash of insight which completely changed his attitude toward life.(from negative to positive),2/52,Words and expressions that are related to,flash of insight,Inspiration,intuition,instinct,enlightenment,instant revelation,telepathy,perception,gut reaction,instant recognition,3/52,WORDS:what is its power?,What we need to emphasise is,the unrecognised power of words,the value of the individual word.We take words very much for granted,just as we take our eyes,our power of vision for granted.But both are tremendously flexible and have wide-ranging powers-which have hardly been described in any complete way.,4/52,Language is a powerful instrument.It is used in many different ways and constitutes one of the principal forces controlling and forming human behaviour.,Besides its most familiar and normally most discussed use,communication,language is important through its use in ones private thought,in science and in oratory,in poetry,in philosophy-and perhaps most remarkably in techniques of hypnosis.,5/52,Text Analysis,6/52,Pre-reading Questions,1)What mode(s)of writing does the text fall into?,2)What are the two words to avoid and the two to remember?,3)What are the physical circumstances for the meeting between the author and the Old Man?,Narration+description,“,if only,”,and,“,next time,”,The time:one rainy wintry afternoon,The place:a French restaurant in Manhattan,7/52,The Text,Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than,the sudden flash of insight that leaves you a changed person,-not only changed,but changed for the better.Such moments are rare,certainly,but they come to all of us.Sometimes from a book,a sermon,a line of poetry.Sometimes from a friend,the quick and spontaneous understanding that makes you a changed person,8/52,That wintry afternoon in Manhattan,waiting in the little French restaurant,I was feeling frustrated and depressed.Because of several miscalculations on my part,a project of considerable importance in my life had,fallen through,.Even the prospect of seeing a dear friend(the Old Man,as I privately and affectionately thought of him)failed to cheer me as it usually did.I sat there frowning at the checkered tablecloth,chewing the bitter cud of hindsight,.,Pick out the words which are used to describe,the author,s mood directly and indirectly,Wintry:,1.of or characteristic of winter:,wintry blasts;wintry skies.,2.resembling winter weather;having snow,frost,cold,storms,etc.:,We had wintry weather well into May last year.,3.suggestive of winter,as in lack of warmth or cheer:,a wintry manner.,fall through:,to come to nothing;fail of realization:,e.g.,Despite all his efforts,the deal fell through.,But attempts to take the city by stormfell through,so Hitler decided to starve it into surrender.,（,BBC,Jan 13,）,thinking repeatedly about the painful realization of what had happened,Hindsight,：,understanding the nature of an event after it has happened,e.g,.He stubbornly bought the sleds anyway.Inhindsight,he was right.,(ReutersJan 25,),9/52,He came across the street,finally,muffled,in his,ancient overcoat,shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head,looking more like an energetic,gnome,than an eminent psychiatrist.His offices were nearby;I knew he had just left his last patient of the day.,muffle:,to wear thick warm clothes in order to keep warm:e.g.,I was muffled up against the cold in a scarf and hat.,Old-fashioned overcoat,gnome:,(,地精，土地神）,an imaginary,very small,old man with a beard and a pointed hat,in traditional childrens stories;,dwarflike creature,;,10/52,He was close to 80,but he,still,carried a full case load,still,acted as director of a large foundation,still,loved to escape to the golf course whenever he could.,By the time he came over and sat beside me,the waiter had brought his invariable bottle of ale.I had not seen him for several months,but he seemed as,indestructible,as ever.,“,Well,young man,”,he said,without preliminary,“,whats troubling you?,”,What does the word,“,still,“,suggest about the old man?,Make a comment on the use of this word in relation to the old man,s character,Without polite greetings or remarks,11/52,I had long since ceased to be surprised at his perceptiveness,.So I proceeded to tell him,at some length,just what was bothering me,w,ith a kind of melancholy pride,I tried to be very honest.I blamed no one else for my disappointment,only myself.I analyzed the whole thing,all the bad judgments,the false moves.I went on for perhaps 15 minutes,while the Old Man sipped his ale in silence,What does this statement tell us about the relationship between them?,In some detail;to some extent,Feeling proud of my project of considerable importance although I was sad at several miscalculations on my part,Oxymoron,A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined,as,in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.,12/52,When I finished,he put down his glass.,“,Come on,”,he said.,“,Lets go back to my office.,”,“,Your office?Did you forget something?,“,No,”,he said mildly.,“,I want your reaction to something.Thats all.,”,Book-lined walls,long leather couch,signed photograph of,Sigmund Freud,tape recorder by the window.His secretary had gone home.We were alone,Sigmund Freud,Psychiatrist,Born:,6 May 1856,Birthplace:,Freiberg,Moravia(now Czech Republic),Died:,23 September 1939(cancer),Best Known As:,Founder,of psychoanalysis,psychiatry,Branch of medicine concerned with mental,disorders.,Until the 18th century,mental health problems were,considered forms of demonic possession;gradually,they came to be seen as illnesses requiring treatment.,In the 19th century,research into and classification and,treatment of mental illnesses advanced.,Sigmund Freuds psychoanalytic theory dominated,the field for many years before it was challenged,by behavioral and cognitive therapy and humanistic,psychology in the mid-20th century.,Psychiatrists hold medical degrees and can prescribe,drugs and other medical treatments in addition,to conducting psychotherapy.The psychiatrist often,works as a member of a mental health team that,includes clinical psychologists and social workers.,13/52,The Old Man took a tape from a flat cardboard box and fitted it onto the machine.,“,On this tape,”,he said,“,are three short recordings made by three persons who came to me for help.,They are not identified,of course.I want you to listen to the recordings and see if you can pick out the two-word phrase that is the,common denominator,in all three cases.,”,He smiled.,“,Dont look so puzzled.I have my reasons.,”,Their names are not given;,anonymous,common denominator,:,Common feature,common element,common character,(,共同特征，共性）,;,an attribute that is common to all members of a category,e.g.,1.Environmental toxins may be,a common denominator,here,according to Davis and her colleagues.,据戴维斯博士和她同事们介绍，环境中有毒物质可能是造成此事共同原因。,2.As the world gets smaller,English serves as the,common denominator,for communication.,伴随世界变小，英语成为人们沟通桥梁。,More examples:,The most,common denominator,is theyre often from rural or very impoverished communities and families.,(,Newsweek,Jul 26,),The,common denominator,of these suggestions is that they take time.,(,Scientific American,Mar 14,),14/52,What the owners of the voices on the tape had in common,it seemed to me,was unhappiness.The man who spoke first evidently had suffered some kind of business loss or failure;he,berated,himself for not having worked harder,for not having looked ahead.The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother;she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had,let go by.,The third voice belonged to a mother whose teen-age son was in trouble with the police:she blamed herself endlessly.,berate,(FORMAL),to criticize or speak in an angry manner to someone:e.g.,As he left the meeting,he was,berated,by angry demonstrators.,Doctors are often,berated,for being poor communicators,particularly when they have to give patients bad news.,Let go by:miss,e.g.,Opportunity is rare,and a wise man will never let it go by(him).,机会难得,聪明人从不交臂失之,.,Let not a day go by without speaking to someone with the smile of the face and eye reminding them that somebody cares,and it is Jesus!,让你任何一天都没有这么逝去：让与你接触人们从你笑容和眼睛中知道有些人真心关心他们,-,这就是耶稣之路！,What is the,“,common denominator,”,of the three cases?,More examples of,berate:,The comedian was,berating,the audience for laughing too quietly.,(,BBC,Aug 26,),I,berated,myself for not being more productive,for not being more savvy,for taking a whole day off.,(,Slate,May 29,),15/52,The Old Man switched off the machine and leaned back in his chair.,“,Six times in those recordings a phrase is used thats full of,subtle poison,.Did you spot it?No?Well,perhaps thats because you used it three times yourself down in the restaurant a little while ago.,”,He picked up the box that had held the tape and tossed it over to me.,“,There they are,right on the label,The two saddest words in any language.,”,destructive effect that is difficult to pin down;negative implications that are not easily identifiable,Make a comment on the choice,of this phrase,16/52,I looked down.Printed neatly in red ink were the words:,If only.,“,Youd be amazed,”,said the Old Man.,“,if you knew how many thousands of times Ive sat in this chair and listened to,woeful,sentences beginning with those two words.,If only,they say to me,I had done it differently-or not done it at all.If only I hadnt lost my temper,said the cruel thing,made that dishonest move,told that foolish lie.If only I had been wiser,or more unselfish,or more self-controlled.They go on and on until I stop them.Sometimes I make them listen to the recordings you just heard.,If only,I say to them,youd stop saying,if only,we might begin to,get somewhere,!,”,Woeful:,feeling or expressing great distress or sorrow;pitifully or regrettably bad,e.g.Notably missing is the Metropolitan Opera,which has a,woeful,history of engaging female conductors.,Farmers need infrastructure to get goods to market-and rural Nigerias is as,woeful,as it get,s.,(Reuters,Jul 4,),get somewhere:to be successful,e.g.,if we can make good use of time,there can surely be no doubt that we will,get somewhere,.,这么说来,假如我们能善用时间,当然毫无疑问地我们会成功。,There is no one but wishes to,get somewhere,.,没有些人不希望未来能有所成就,.,Please paraphrase this sentence,17/52,The Old Man stretched out his legs.,“,The trouble with,if only,”,he said,“,is that it doesnt change anything.It keeps the person facing the wrong way-backward instead of forward.It wastes time,In the end,if you let it become a habit,it can become a real,roadblock,an excuse for not trying any more.,something that prevents further progress;obstacle,e.g.,The subjects are shown facing setbacks and the emotional,roadblocks,that contribute to their dangerously overweight condition.,(Seattle Times,May 30,),Meanwhile there are,roadblocks,particularly the language barrier,which severely limits media exposure for songs in Spanish.,(New York Times,Jul 12,),18/52,“,Now take your own case:your plans didnt work out.Why?Because you made certain mistakes.Well,thats all right:everyone makes mistakes.Mistakes are what we learn from.But when you were telling me about them,lamenting this,regretting that,you werent really learning from them.,”,“,How do you know?,”,I said,a bit,defensively,What does this word show about the attitude of the author at the moment?,Experience is the name everyone,gives to their mistakes.,Oscar Wilde,1854-1900:,Lady Windermeres Fan,(1892),19/52,Because,”,said the Old Man,“,you never got out of the past tense.,Not once did you mention the future.And in a way-be honest,now!-you were enjoying it.Theres a,perverse streak,in all of us that makes us like to,hash over,old mistakes.After all,when you relate the story of some disaster or disappointment that has happened to you,youre still the chief character,still in the center of the stage.,”,Please paraphrase this statement,obstinately unreasonable quality,streak noun Can often unpleasant distinctive characteristic:,e.g.,Her,stubborn streak,makes her very difficult to work,with sometimes.,You need to have,a competitive streak,when youre working,in marketing.,He has a,yellow,streak,in him.,他胆小。,The Puritans,however,had a,mean streak,.,然而，那些清教徒生性也有卑鄙一面。,I dont like Kevin;hes got a nasty,vindictive streak,in him.,我不喜欢凯文，他报复性倾向太重。,hash over,：,go back over;,bring up again for consideration;discuss,esp.in review:e.g.,At the class reunion they,hashed over,their college days.,Stocks are off sharply in early trading today,as Wall Street is digesting a disappointing May jobs report and,hashing over,more troubles in Europe.,(Washington Post,Jun 4,),20/52,I shook my head,ruefully,.,“,Well,whats the remedy?,”,“,Shift the focus,”,said the Old Man promptly.,“,Change the key words and,substitute a phrase that supplies lift instead of creating drag,.,”,regretfully,use a phrase that provides a feeling of encouragement instead of causing frustration or depression,Note that this the turning point for the writer,s attitude,Drag,something that slows or delays progress,e.g.,T,axation is a,drag,on the economy.,Too many laws are a,drag,on the use of new land.,21/52,“,Do you have such a phrase to recommend?,”,“,Certainly.Strike out the words,if only:,substitute,the phrase,next time.,”,“,Next time?,”,Please make a comment on the implications,of,“,if only,”,and,“,next time,”,.,22/52,“,Thats right.Ive seen it,work minor miracles,right here in this room.As long as a patient keeps saying if only to me.Hes in trouble.But when he,looks me in the eye,and says,next time,I know hes on his way to overcoming his problem.It means he has decided to apply the lessons he has learned from his experience,however grim or painful it may have been,It means hes going to push aside the roadblock of regret,move forward,take action,resume living.Try it yourself.Youll see.,”,Produce some quite unexpected good results,looks directly at me without showing embarrassment or fear,23/52,My old friend stopped speaking.Outside,I could hear the rain whispering against the windowpane.I tried sliding one phrase out of my mind and replacing it with the other.It was fanciful,of course,but I could hear,the new words lock into place,with an audible click,What is the implication of this statement?,It implies that the words are just what appropriately,describe his state of mind and the situation.,The word,“,click,”,suggests a sudden awareness or,understanding of sth.,Note that when something clicks,for you,it suddenly makes sense.,24/52,The Old Man stood up a bit stiffly.Well,class dismissed.It has been good to see you,young man.Always is.Now,if you will help me find a taxi,I probably should be getting on home.,”,We