蟾蜍心肌细胞动作电位与心电图.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,蟾蜍心肌细,Action potential of toad heart and electrocardiogram,胞动作电位与心电图,【目的和原理】,Purpose and principle,心脏的活动必然伴随着心肌的生物电变化，利用电生理学技术记录得到的,心电图,能够反映心脏兴奋的产生、传导和恢复过程中的生物电变化。因此，心电图的描记常为临床上检查心脏状况的一个必要的诊断手段，也是基础科学研究中的重要工具之一,心脏的活动必然伴随着心肌的生物电变化，利用电生理学技术记录得到的心电图能够反映心脏兴奋的产生、传导和恢复过程中的生物电变化。因此，心电图的描记常为临床上检查心脏状况的一个必要的诊断手段，也是基础科学研究中的重要工具之一,Cardiac activity is bound to be accompanied by the changes of the cardiac muscle,and the ECG recorded by electrophysiological technique can reflect the changes of the cardiac excitability.Therefore,the electrocardiogram is a necessary diagnostic tool for clinical examination of the heart condition,and is one of the important tools in basic scientific research.,【,目的和原理,】,通过同步引导并观察,心肌细胞动作电位,及,心电图,的波形，分析二者在时间上的对应关系；了解细胞内记录动作电位的方法；加深对心电图是许多心肌细胞生物电变化的综合反映的理解,The action potential and ECG of myocardial cells were guided and observed,and the corresponding relationship between the two was analyzed,and the method of recording action potential was analyzed.,【,目的和原理,】,1,心肌细胞动作电位：与骨骼肌细胞动作电位相比较，它不仅时程长，而且出现明显的,平台期,。本实验应用细胞内微电极记录技术，观察心肌细胞动作电位的特征,Myocardial cell action potential:compared with the action potential of skeletal muscle cells,it is not only a long time,but also a clear platform.In this experiment,the characteristics of the action potential of cardiac muscle cells were observed by recording technique.,【,目的和原理,】,2,心电图：心脏活动产生的电变化之所以可从体表记录得到，是因为机体的组织和体液相当于一个,容积导体,，可把心脏的电变化传导到体表各处。根据容积导体的原理，只要容积导体中有一个电双极体（电偶），电流便沿着无数条线路自双极体的正极（电源）流向负极（电穴），使整个容积导体的各部分都具有一定的电位，只是各点电位的大小与方向有所不同,ECG:the electrical changes produced by cardiac activity can be obtained from the surface of the body,because the bodys tissues and body fluids are equivalent to a volume conductor,which can be transmitted to the surface of the body.According to the principle of volume conductor,as long as the volume conductor has a electric bipolar(galvanic),current along many lines from the bipolar electrode(power)flows to the cathode(electrical acupuncture),so that parts of the volume conductor has a certain potential,just the size and direction of the potential vary,【,目的和原理,】,因此，当把一无关电极置于容积导体中离电双极体最远处时，用一探查电极可在容积导体的各处测得,电位差,，其大小主要取决于电双极体的电位强度和方向。在体表记录心电既然是根据,容积导电的原理,，那么所记录心电的大小与波形，也主要取决心脏电活动综合向量的大小与方向,因此，当把一无关电极置于容积导体中离电双极体最远处时，用一探查电极可在容积导体的各处测得电位差，其大小主要取决于电双极体的电位强度和方向。在体表记录心电既然是根据容积导电的原理，那么所记录心电的大小与波形，也主要取决心脏电活动综合向量的大小与方向,Therefore,when the electrode is placed in the most distant from the electrical dipole in the volume conductor,the potential difference between the electrodes can be measured by a probe electrode,which is mainly determined by the potential strength and direction of the electric dipole.In the body of the body surface,the ECG is the principle of volume conduction,then the size and shape of the recorded ECG,and the size and direction of the integrated vector of cardiac electrical activity.,【,实验,材料】,Experimental materials,1,动物：蟾蜍,2,试剂和药品：任氏液,3,装置和器材：,RM6240,生物信号采集系统、屏蔽箱、微电极放大器、玻璃微电极、悬浮微电极、微电极推进器、导线、蛙类手术器械,1 animals:toad,1,动物：蟾蜍,1 animals:toad,2,试剂和药品：任氏液,2 reagents and drugs:Rens liquid,3,装置和器材：,RM6240,生物信号采集系统、屏蔽箱、微电极放大器、玻璃微电极、悬浮微电极、微电极推进器、导线、蛙类手术器械,3.The apparatus and equipment:RM6240 biological signal acquisition system,shielding box,a microelectrode amplifier,a glass microelectrode,floating microelectrode and microelectrode propeller,wires,frogs surgical instruments,实验仪器连接方法,Experimental instrument connection method,【,实验,方法】,Experimental method,1,制作浮置式微电极,取一支充灌良好的,3mol/L KCl,玻璃微电极，用任氏液多次冲洗电极尖端表面的,KCl,，用滤纸将电极外壁吸干。电极尖端直径应小于,1m,，尖端内无结晶，无气泡，电极阻抗应为,10,15M,1.To make floating device microelectrode take a filling good 3 mol/L KCl glass microelectrode,with Ringer solution repeatedly washing electrode tip surface of KCl,with filter paper to dry in the outer layer of the electrode.The electrode tip diameter should be less than 1 m,there is no crystal inside the tip,no bubble,the electrode impedance should be 10 15M.Gently break it,keep the tip of the spare part,。轻轻将其折断，保留尖端部分备用,【,实验,方法】,将悬浮微电极的（直径,30m,）银丝（,SWG,线规格,49,或,50,号）自断端处插入微电极，并使其牢固嵌入电极内腔液体中。随后，将其悬置于微电极微进器上备用。这种浮置式微电极插入心肌后，能随心脏收缩而移动，所记录的心肌细胞动作电位不易丢失，故可较稳定地记录动作电位,Will floating microelectrode(diameter of 30 m)silver(SWG specifications in line 49 or 50,since at the end of the inserted microelectrodes.And make the solid electrodes embedded in the inner cavity of the liquid.Subsequently,the suspension is placed on the microelectrode micro into the device to spare.After insertion of the floating type electrode,the cardiac muscle can move along with the contraction of the heart,and the action potential of the cardiac muscle cell is not easy to be lost,so the action potential can be recorded stably.,【,实验,方法】,2,标本制备,用探针充分捣毁蟾蜍大脑及脊髓，腹部朝上，稳固于蛙板上，剪开胸部，仔细撕裂心包膜，充分暴露心脏。并及时地滴加任氏液于心脏表面,Specimen of preparing probe fully destroyed toad brain and spinal cord,abdomen upward,solid on the frog board,cut open the chest,carefully tear the pericardium,fully exposed the heart.And timely to add the liquid to the heart surface,【,实验,方法】,3,仪器连接,将心肌细胞动作电位连接线源跟随器端置于屏蔽箱内，输入端与微电极放大器相连，微电极放大器的输出端与,RM6240,的,1,通道相连。心电图连接线输入端与,RM6240,的,2,通道相连接。接通电源，调好零电位，打开实验项目，选择心脏电活动，即可实验,3 the instrument connection will be the action potential of cardiac muscle cell line source follower in the shield box,the input end and the microelectrode amplifier,the output end of the micro electrode amplifier and the 1 channels of the RM6240.Connection between the 2 channels of RM6240 and the input terminal of the ecg.Turn on the power,adjust the zero potential,open the experimental project,select the cardiac electrical activity,you can experiment,【,实验,方法】,4,心电图描记,标本置于屏蔽箱内。按心电图标准导联,方式，连接蟾蜍右前肢及左后肢，,接地电极接右后肢，即可在显示屏上显示心电图。注意分辨心电图各波及间期,4.The specimen is placed in a shielded box.According to the standard lead II of the ECG,the right and left hind limbs of the toad were connected with the right leg of the toad.Attention to distinguish between the ECG and the ECG,【,实验,方法】,5,心肌细胞动作电位记录,：调整微电极推进器使微电极尖端直对心脏，并逐渐接近心室肌。由于心脏不停地搏动，电极尖端往往很容易插入心肌细胞内。只要微电极插入细胞，显示屏上便周期性地显现心室肌细胞动作电位,5 myocardial cell action potential recording:adjust the micro electrode tip of the microelectrode tip straight to the heart,and gradually close to the ventricular muscle.Because the heart is beating,the tip of the electrode can be easily inserted into the cardiac muscle cells.As long as the microelectrode was inserted into the cell,the action potential of the ventricular myocytes was periodically revealed on the display screen.,【,实验,方法,】,如果电极未能成功插入细胞内，可将电极轻轻提起，离开心脏重新再插，可反复多次，直至动作电位出现。蟾蜍心肌细胞动作电位幅值约为,30,120mV,。时程约为,500,1000ms,，可分为,0,、,1,、,2,、,3,、,4,等五个时相，其中,1,期往往不明显。注意观察心室肌细胞动作电位的各期特征以及与心电图在时间上的对应关系,If the electrode failed to successfully insert the cell,the electrode can be gently raised,leaving the heart to re insert,can be repeated several times until the action potential occurs.The amplitude of the action potential of the toad was about 30 120mV.The time course is about 500 1000ms,which can be divided into 0,1,2,3,five and so on,and the 1 phase is not obvious.To observe the characteristics of the action potential of the ventricular myocytes and the relationship between the time and the time of the electrocardiogram.,【,实验,方法,】,在记录心室肌细胞后，可再将微电极提起并移向心房，插入心房肌细胞记录动作电位。注意动作电位,After recording the ventricular myocytes,the microelectrode can be lifted and moved to the atrium,which is inserted into the atrial muscle cells to record the action potential.Changes in the relationship between action potential and ECG,与心电图对应关系的变化,【注意事项】,Note,1,制备标本时应充分捣毁脑和脊髓，操作过程中应尽量减少出血，以使标本状况良好；剪断锁骨，扎破肺脏，充分暴露,2,引导心肌细胞动作电位的参考电极应尽可能靠近玻璃微电极,3,记录动作电位时，如细胞受损或电极尖端折断，则,0,期电位幅值减少，或记录出现双相动作电位，此时应重新插入或更换电极,1.The preparation of specimens should be fully destroyed the brain and spinal cord,should be as far as possible to reduce bleeding during the operation,in order to make the specimen is in good condition;cut the clavicle,punctured lung,fully exposed,2,引导心肌细胞动作电位的参考电极应尽可能靠近玻璃微电极,2 reference electrodes that guide the action potential of cardiac muscle cells should be as close as possible to the glass microelectrode,3,记录动作电位时，如细胞受损或电极尖端折断，则,0,期电位幅值减少，或记录出现双相动作电位，此时应重新插入或更换电极,3 recording action potential,such as cell damage or electrode tip off,then the 0 phase potential amplitude reduction,or recording a biphasic action potential,at this time should be re inserted or replaced the electrode,【,实验结果,】,Experimental results,【,实验结果,】,【,实验结果,】,【,实验结果,】,【讨论思考】,Discussion thinking,1,心肌细胞动作电位与神经纤维动作电位在波形上有何不同？,2,解释形成心肌细胞动作电位各时相的离子机制。,3,比较心肌细胞动作电位各期与心电图各波及间期的对应关系,1 myocardial cell action potential and nerve fiber action potential waveforms in different?,2,解释形成心肌细胞动作电位各时相的离子机制。,2 to explain the mechanism of the action potential of cardiac muscle cells in different phases.,3,比较心肌细胞动作电位各期与心电图各波及间期的对应关系,3 Comparison of the corresponding relationship between the action potential of myocardial cells and the duration of the ECG,