高三英语高考复合句、并列句、简单句 一轮基础专题篇课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,九、复合句、并列句、简单句,1.(2009,山东,24)Whenever I met her,was,fairly,often,she,greeted me with a sweet,smile.A.who,B.which,C.when,D.that,解析,此处考查,which,引导的非限制性定语从句。,句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地,向我微笑。,B,2.(2009,山东,28)The little girl who got lost,decided to remain,she was and wait for,her mother.,A.where,B.what,C.how,D.who,解析,remain,在此意为“留下，逗留”，,where she,was,在句中作地点状语。句意为：这个迷路的小女,孩决定待在她原来的地方等待她妈妈。,A,3.(2009,江苏，,31),unemployment and,crime are,high,it,can be assumed that the,latter is due to the former.,A.Before,B.Where,C.Unless,D.Until,解析,根据句意可知此题应该选,B,项。句意为：在,那些失业率和犯罪率都很高的地方，我们可以认,为后者是由于前者的原因。,B,4.(2009,宁夏,24)Could I speak to,is in,charge of International Sales please?,A.who,B.what,C.whoever,D.whatever,解析,句意为：请问一下我能不能和负责国际贸,易的人说话？,speak to,后接,sb,.,，故排除,B,、,D,。句,中,to,后跟宾语从句，而且从句中又缺少主语，并且,是不确指，故排除,A,。,C,5.(2009,宁夏,28)She brought with her three,friends,none,of,I had ever met,before.A.them,B.who,C.whom,D.these,解析,句意为：她带来了她的三个朋友，以前我,一个也没见过。本句中前句是一个完整的句子，,但没用句号，用了逗号，并且中间也没有连词，,所以后一个分句应是前一个分句的定语从句，又,因,of,为介词，其后必须跟宾语，故选,C,。,C,6.(2009,江苏,23)Because of the financial,crisis,days,are gone,local 5-star hotels,charged 6,，,000,yuan,for one night.,A.if,B.when,C.which,D.since,解析,句意为：因为金融危机，当地五星级旅馆每,晚收费,6 000,元的日子已经一去不复返了。,when,引,导一个限制性定语从句修饰先行词,days,并且在从,句中作状语。,B,7.(2009,江苏,34)Many young people in the West,are expected to leave,could be lifes,most important decisionmarriagealmost,entirely up to luck.,A.as,B.that,C.which,D.what,解析,分析句子结构，,leave,需要一个宾语；,could be,需要一个主语，所以要选一个能引导宾,语从句且能在句子中作主语的词，只有,what,能满,足要求。,D,8.(2009,天津,5)A person,e-mail account,is full wont be able to send or receive any e-,mails.,A.who,B.whom,C.whose,D.whoever,解析,e-mail account,前缺少定语，故用,whose,引导定语从句，相当于,the e-mail account of,whom,。,C,9.(2009,天津,7)It is obvious to the students,they should get well prepared for,their future.,A.as,B.which,C.whether,D.that,解析,句中,it,为形式主语，,that,引导的主语从句为,真正的主语。句意为：对学生们来说，他们应当为,未来做好充分的准备是很明显的。,D,10.(2009,天津,14)I travel to the,Binhai,New,Area by light railway every day,do,many businessmen who live in downtown,Tianjin.,A.as,B.which,C.when,D.though,解析,as,引导比较或方式状语从句时，一般采用,正常语序，但在正式语体里，,as,从句有时也采用,倒装语序，即,as I do,或,as do I,。句意,为：,，像住在天津市区的许多商人一样。,A,11.(2009,陕西,11)Gun control is a subject,Americans have argued for a long time.,A.of,which,B.with,which,C.about,which,D.into,which,解析,argue about,sth,.,争论某事；,argue with,sb,.,与某人争论。句意为：枪支的控制是很长时,间以来美国人争论的话题。,C,12.(2009,陕西,17)The bow-to book can be of,help to,wants to do the job.,A.who,B.whomever,C.no,matter who,D.whoever,解析,此处介词,to,后缺少宾语从句，而宾语从句,又缺少主语，应用,whoever,相当于,anyone who,意,为“无论谁”。,C,项只引导让步状语从句。,D,13.(2009,上海,37)It is not immediately clear,the financial crisis will soon be over.,A.since,B.what,C.when,D.whether,解析,这是,it,作形式主语的名词性从句。句意为,:,金融危机是否会很快结束不会立刻明朗的。若主,语从句中去掉,soon,，也可以选,C,项，即“金融危机,什么时候会结束”；,what,在从句中没法与其他成分,搭配；,since,自从,以来，不合句意。,D,14.(2009,江西,33)The fact has worried many,scientists,the earth is becoming,warmer and warmer these years.,A.what,B.which,C.that,D.though,解析,分析句式结构可知此处缺少同位语从句的,引导词，从句意义、结构均完整，所以选,that,。,C,15.(2009,上海,34)Mozarts birthplace and the,house,he composed“The Magic Flute”,are both museums now.,A.where,B.when,C.there,D.which,解析,由,birthplace,和,house.are.,可知，句,中,he composed“The Magic Flute”,是,一个定语从句，且定语从句中主谓宾成分齐全，,因此缺少的是状语，即“在,地方”作的,魔笛,这支曲子，因此用,where,。,A,复合句,1.,主语从句,（,1,）引导主语从句的关联词有,:that(,不充当句子成分,仅起引导作用,通常用,it,作形式主语,),，,whether,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why,。,（,2,）主语从句能用,it,作形式上的主语。常用,it,作形式主语的句型有：,it+be,+,形容词（,obvious,natural,surprising,wonderful,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that,从句。,it+be,+,名词词组（,no,wonder,an,honor,a,good,thing,a,pity,no,surprise,etc.)+that,从句。,it+be,+,过去分词（,said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that,从句。,It+seem,happen,等不及物动词及短语,+that,从句。,It doesnt matter(makes no,difference,etc,.)+,连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句。,（,3,）注意连接代词,whoever,whatever,whichever,等引导主语从句的含义。,Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever,=the person who),来的人将受到欢迎。,2.,宾语从句,(1),引导宾语从句的关联词有四类：,that(,在宾语从句中常可以省略）；从属连词,if/whether;,连接代,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,；连接副词,where,when,how,why,。,（,2,）在,think,believe,suppose,expect,等动词形成的否定句中，否定词前移。,I dont suppose he,cares,does,he?,我想他不在意，是吗？,（,3,）在,think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope,等动词以及,Im afraid,等后，可用,so,代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可以用,not,代替一个否定的宾语从句。如：,I believe so./I dont believe,so.(I,believe not.),（,4,）宾语从句的时态变化规律：当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。,The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.,老师说地球绕着太阳转。,3.,表语从句,（,1,）引导表语从句的关联词有,that,whether,as,as,if,who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why,。,（,2,）,where,why,because,how,等引导的从句,作,This is,或,That is,的表语时，表示地点、原因、方,式等。,This is why we put off the sports meet.,这就是我们为什么要延期举行运动会的原因。,（,3,）连词,because,可引导表语从句。,I think it is because you are doing too much.,我想这是因为你做的太多。,（,4,）主语是,reason,时，表语从句常用,that,不用,because,。,The reason why he didnt come was that he was ill.,他没来是因为他病了。,4.,同位语从句,（,1,）同位语从句的先行词多为,fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,promise,truth,report,remark,等，关联词多用从属连词,that,（不用,which),。,Where did you get the idea that I could not come?,你从哪儿听说我不能来？,（,2,）同位语从句偶尔由从属连词,whether,引导。,I have no idea whether hell come or not.,我不知道他是否来。,（,3,）,that,引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别,that,引导同位语从句时只起连接从句的作用，无意义，不充当句子成分，不可省。,that,在定语从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分，如果在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。,The news that,Mr.Li,will be our new English teacher is true.,（同位语从句，,that,不可省）,李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。,The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.,（定语从句，,that,在从句中作,told,的宾语，可省）,他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。,5.,定语从句,（,1,）注意关系代词,that,的用法。,All that can be done has been done.,能做的都做了。,I have read all the books that you gave me.,我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。,Beihai,Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago.,北海公园是,200,年前建造的最美丽的公园之一。,（,2,）关于“介词,+,关系代词”。,能作介词宾语的关系代词只有,whom,和,which,先行词指人时，用,whom,先行词指物时用,which,。介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词句意才符合逻辑。,In the office I never seem to have time until after 530,by which many people have got home.(,根据句意，用,by which,意为“到这个时候”）,在办公室里，五点半以前我没有时间，而到这个时候，很多人都已经回家了。,In the dark,street,there,wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for,help.(turn,to,sb.for,help,是固定搭配）,在漆黑的街道上，没有一个人可以让她求助。（,3,）当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用,when,和,where,引导，需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能作状语。即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是作主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词,which,，,that,。,It was an exciting moment for these football fans this,year,when,for the first time their team won the World Cup.,今年的这个时刻是让很多足球迷激动的一个时刻，因为他们队第一次赢得了世界杯。,比较：,This is the museum,which/that we visited last year,.(that/which,是,visited,的宾语）,这就是我们去年参观的博物馆。,This is the museum,where my father used to work,.(where,是,used to work,的地点状语）,这就是我父亲曾经工作过的博物馆。,Ill never forget the days,when I studied in this university,.(when,是,studied,的时间状语）,我永远不会忘记我在这所大学学习的日子。,Ill never forget the days,which we spent together,.(which,是,spent,的宾语）,我永远不会忘记我们在一起的时光。,（,4,）关系词的用与否。,如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，考生首先要弄清句子结构。第二个分句前如有,and,but,or,so,等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。第二个分句前如无,and,but,or,so,等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。,Alice received an invitation from her,boss,which,came as a surprise.,艾丽丝收到了老板的邀请，这让她很惊讶。,Toms mother kept telling him that he should work,harder,but,it didnt help.,汤姆的妈妈一直告诉他要努力工作，但他不听。,I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the,farmers,which,has a great effect on me.,我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住在那个小山村的日子，这对我影响很大。,（,5,）,as,which,引导的非限制性定语从句。,as,which,都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能作主语、宾语。但是,as,除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如”、“像,一样”的词汇意义，,which,没有这个意思。此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用,as,。,As is known to,all,China,will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.,大家都知道，,20,或,30,年之后，中国会成为一个强大的发达国家。,Carol said the work would be done by,October,which,personally I doubt very much.,卡洛说工作会在,10,月前完成，我很怀疑他的说法。,Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the,play,which,of,course,made,the others unhappy.,多萝茜总是高度赞扬她在戏里扮演的角色，这让其他人很不高兴。,(6),如果先行词是,way,，可用,that,，,in which,引导定语从句，或不用关系代词。,I dont like the way that he spoke to me.,I dont like the way in which he spoke to me.I dont like the way he spoke to me.,我不喜欢他对我说话的方式。,6.,状语从句,（,1,）,when,as,while,它们都引导时间状语从句，都可作“当,时候”解。,when,意为“在,时刻或时期”，它可指“时间点”或“时间段”，除此之外，,when,还可作“既然”解释。,as,意为“一边,一边”或“随着,”,，着重表示主句与从句的动作同时发生。,while,只指“时间段”，意为“在,期间”，它所引导的从句的谓语只能是持续性动词。,while,还可用作并列连词意为“而”“但”，表对比转折。,Im going to the post office.,While you are,there,can,you get me some stamps?,我要去邮局了。,你去的时候能不能帮我带些邮票回来？,They were surprised that a child should work out the problem while they themselves couldnt.,他们很惊讶一个小孩子居然能做出这道题，而他们自己却不能。,As the days went,on,the,weather got worse.,随着时间的推移，天气越来越糟糕。,The train had just started when we arrived at the station.,我们到车站时，火车刚开走。,Why do you want a new job when youve got a good one already?,你已经有了一份好工作，为什么还要换呢？,（,2,）,the,moment,the,second,the,minute,as,soon,as,directly,immediately,都是“一,就,”,的意思。,the first,time,the,last time,作连词时，意为“当第一次,的时候”，“当最后一次,的时候”。,no sooner.,than,hardly,.,when,scarcely,.,when,也是“一,就,”,之意，但它们有时态限制，,前面部分用过去完成时，后面用一般过去式。如果,no,sooner,hardly,scarcely,在句首，句子要倒装（请参,阅“倒装”）。,Did you remember to give Mary the money,you owed her?,Yes.I,gave it to her the moment I saw her.,你记得还给玛丽欠她的钱了吗？,是的，我一看见她就给她了。,I thought her nice and honest the first time I,met her.,我第一次看见她就觉得她很好，而且很诚实。,（,3,）,before,的惯用句型。,It,be+time+before,.,要过多久才,It,be+not+time+before,.,不要多久就,当,before,引导的从句着重强调从句动作来不及发生时，全句译为“来不及,就”或“不等,就”。,It was not long before I forgot it all.,没过多久我就把这事全忘了。,The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.,他还没来得及冲进房间里去救他的孩子，房子就已经塌了。,（,4,）,where,引导定语从句时，需跟在一个表示地点的名词后，引导地点状语从句时，跟在一个句子后，注意不要把它们混淆起来。,After the,war,a,new school building was put up where there had once been a theatre.,战争结束后，在原来是一座剧院的地方建起了一所学校。,You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again.,你应该养成一个习惯：把东西放在你容易找到的地方。,After living in Paris for fifty,years,he,returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.,在巴黎住了五十年之后，他回到了童年时居住的小镇。,、中,where,引导的是地点状语从句，,where,前是一个句子。中的,where,前有地点名词,the small town,是一个定语从句。,（,5,）,no,matter+wh,-,与,wh,-+ever(,无论,、不管,）,no,matter+wh,-,只可引导让步状语从句，,wh,-+ever,则既可引导让步状语从句，又能引导名词性从句。当,wh,-+ever,引导让步状语从句时，可与,no,matter+wh,-,互换。,Well have to finish the,job,however,long it takes.,(however long it takes,是让步状语从句，相当于,no matter how long it takes),不管用多长时间，我们必须完成这项工作。,Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.,(whoever,引导主语从句，不能改成,no matter who),不管是谁救起了这个溺水的小女孩都应该值得表扬。,7.,简单句、并列句,（,1,）祈使句,+and/or+,主谓结构,名词短语,+and+,主谓结构,Climb to the top of the,mountain,and,youll get a good view of the city.,爬上山顶，你就会看见这座城市的美丽风景。,Hurry,up,or,youll be late.,快点，不然就迟到了。,Another five,minutes,and,Ill finish the composition.,再给我五分钟，我就能写完作文。,（,2,）反意疑问句,I dont think you can finish your work so,soon,can,you?,我认为你不会这么快就完成工作，是吗？,（,3,）并列连词,when,while,for,的特殊用法,It must have rained last,night,for,the ground is wet.(,表示推测的原因）,昨天晚上一定下雨了，因为地是湿的。,Some people waste food while others havent enough.(,表示对比转折）,一些人浪费食物，而另一些人却吃不饱。,（,4,）,but,however,while,表转折时的区别。,（,5,）,There stands/lies/lives/exists/follows.,句型。,There stand two huge trees in the middle of the playground.,操场中间有两棵大树。,There lies a river in front of our village.,我们村前面有一条小河。,There follows a serious debate about his speech.,关于他的讲话进行了一场严肃的讨论。,思维定式易错点,1.Where did you get to know her?,It was on the farm,we worked.,A.that,B.there,C.which,D.where,考生很容易受思维定式的影响而误选,A,项，即把原句子的结构认为是强调句型结构，,on the farm,为被强调的部分。但是去掉原题中的,It,was,和,that,后，剩下的句子为,We worked on the farm,.,与问句所问的情况不符，故正确答案应为,D,。,【,解题探究,】D,。分析句子结构可知，本题的第二句是一个省略句，正确答案为,where,这里的,where we worked,是,farm,的定语从句，其完整的形式为：,It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.,。,2.I saw a woman running toward me in the,dark.Before,I could recognize who she,was,she,had run back in the direction,she had,come.,A.of,which,B.by,which,C.in,which,D.from,which,本题是对“介词,+,关系代词”形式的定语从句的考查。考生易受思维定式的影响认为本题中的先行词为,direction,通常与介词,in,搭配，表示“朝,方向”，进而误选,C,。,【,解题探究,】D,。考生在做题时一定要注意，所选择的答案不但要符合语法规则，而且还要符合句意和逻辑。句意为：在黑暗中我看到一名女子向我跑来。还没有等我看清楚她是谁，她就沿着原来的方向跑回去了。根据句意可知，应用介词,from,。故答案选,D,。,插入成分干扰的易错点,1.,was most important to,her,she,told,me,was,her family.,A.It,B.This,C.What,D.As,考生很容易误选,D,项，即认为本题是考查,as,引,导位于句首的非限制性定语从句。,【,解题探究,】C,。本题中的,she told me,是插入成分，将其去掉后，可以看出“,was most important to her”,是一个主语从句，在句中作主语，谓语动词为,was,表语为,her family,。该主语从句缺少主语，因为,it,this,和,as,均不能引导名词性从句，故选项,A,、,B,和,D,均被排除。,2.We all know that,the situation will get,worse.,A.not,if dealt carefully with,B.if,not carefully dealt with,C.if,dealt not carefully with,D.not,if carefully dealt with,本题是对条件状语从句省略形式的考查。这种问题在高考试题中经常出现，特别容易出错。,【,解题探究,】B,。在主从复合句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句中的谓语部分含有,be,动词时，那么从句中的主语和谓语动词,be,可以同时省略。本题中,that,后接宾语从句，该宾语从句由一个复合条件句来充当。横线处的完整形式为：,if the situation is not carefully dealt with,去掉,the situation is,便可以确定答案了。,the situation is,可以被看作插入成分。,由分隔而导致的错误,1.The village has developed a lot,we,learned farming two years ago.,A.when,B.which,C.that,D.where,考生很容易误选,A,项，认为本题是考查,when,引导时间状语从句。,【,解题探究,】D,。本题是对定语从句中关系词的考查。先行词“,The village”,与其后的定语从句被其他较长的成分隔开，由于横线后的句子不缺少成分，故应用关系副词,where,此处,where,相当于,in which,。,2.A warm thought suddenly came to me,I,might use the pocket money to buy some,flowers for my mothers birthday.,A.if,B.when,C.that,D.which,考生很容易误选,A,项或,B,项，认为应用,when,或,if,引导从句。但在本题中,when,或,if,引导时间状语从句或条件状语从句，虽然在语法结构上是成立的，但在逻辑上是不成立的。,【,解题探究,】C,。本题中横线处引导的从句是一个被,suddenly came to me,分隔开的同位语从句，对,thought,进行解释说明。为了避免“头重脚轻”现象，而将该从句置于句尾。由于横线后边的句子是一个成分不缺、意思完整的句子，故用只起连接作用而没有任何含义的连接词,that,引导。其他选项均不符合题意。,定语从句与并列句的易错点,(2008,湖南，,31,）,The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,are beyond our control.,A.most,of them,B.most,of which,C.most,of what,D.most,of that,本题是对非限制性定语从句的考查。考生很容易把它与并列句弄混，误选,A,项。由于在定语从句中关系代词,that,不能直接位于介词后,;,what,不能用于定语从句，故选项,C,和,D,可以被排除。,【,解题探究,】B,。判断句子是定语从句还是并列句，关键在于看题干中的横线前是否有并列连词,and,等，如果有，则为并列句，那么,A,项为正确答案；反之,B,项为正确答案。本题中，由于无并列连词，故选项,B,为正确答案。,as,从句中的易错点,1.,he never seems able to do the work,beautifully.,A.Try,as he does,B.As,he tries,C.Try,as does he,D.As,he does try,he talks a lot about his favorite,singers after class.,A.A quiet student as he may be,B.Quiet,student as he may be,C.Be,a quiet student as he may,D.Quiet,as he may be a student,这两个题均是对,as,在异常语序中用法的考查，是高考英语试题中的中难度题，应引起考生的高度重视。,【,解题探究,】1.A 2.B,。,as,用于异常语序结构时，表示让步关系，意为“尽管”，通常用于以下几种结构：,（,1,）,adj,./,adv,.+as+,主语,+,谓语。,Much as I have,traveled,I,have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.,虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。,Hard as he,tried,he,didnt pass the driving test.,虽然他很努力，但他没有能够通过驾驶员考试。,（,2,）可数名词单数,+as+,主语,+,谓语。,Child as he,is,he,knows a lot.,尽管他还是一个孩子，但他却懂很多。,（,3,）实义动词,+as+,主语,+,助动词（,do,的适当形式）或情态动词。,Try as he,may,he,never succeeds.,尽管他很努力，但从未成功过。,这种结构可以转换为由,though,或,although,引导的正常语序的让步状语从句。,变式后易错点,is reported in the,newspapers,talks,between the two countries are making progress.,A.It,B.As,C.That,D.What,本题是一道特别经典的试题，经过不同的变形，四个选项都有可能成为答案，因而考生极易出错。本题选择,B,项，,as,引导位于句首的非限制性定语从句，指代“,talks.progress,”,这句话的内容。,【,解题探究,】B,。（,1,）若将原题改为：,is reported in the newspapers that talks between the two countries are making progress.,那么答案为,A,项。“,It”,在句中作形式主语，指代,that,从句，以避免出现“头重脚轻”现象。,（,2,）若将原题改为：,is reported in the newspapers is that talks between the two countries are making progress.,那么答案