高考英语二轮复习考点突破 Unit16 定语从句课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Unit 16,定语从句,.,经典范文背诵,作文题目：,假定你是高中学生李建，刚接到英国朋友约翰的电子邮件,(,如,下,),，现在要给他写信回复。信的篇幅在,120,至,150,词。约翰的来信：,Dear Li,Jian,Ive just happened to learn from an article that most Chinese,students are suffering from poor eyesight and I am worrying whether,you have things like that.Are you your,-,self nearsighted as well?What,have you done to hurt,or protect your eyes?What would you suggest to,improve the situation in general?,你的回信：,Dear John,，,_,_,经典范文：,Dear John,Just as you have learned,most of us have eyesight problems.This may mainly result from the fact that we are loaded with too much school work,spending a lot of time reading and writing.Another reason may be that we dont use our eyes properly,reading in bed or poor light,or sitting long hours in front of a computer,for example.,I am shortsighted,like many of us.I started to wear glasses at the age of 12,，,as a result of too much online game playing.Then I realized what was wrong and then corrected myself,and paying more attention to eye care at the same time.Though I cannot throw away my glasses,I have succeeded in preventing them from getting thicker.,I have three suggestions for our poor eyesight problems:less school work,proper use of eyes and regular exercise.And now schools are just trying that.,.,词汇短语储备,sacred adj.,神圣的 宗教的 庄严的,sacrifice,vt./n,.C,，,U,牺牲,schedule n.C,，,U,时刻表，日程安排表 清单，明细表,vt,.,安,排，排定,secure adj.,安全的，可靠的 无忧虑的，安心的 牢固的，稳固,的,sensitive adj.,敏感的，灵敏的 神经过敏的，容易生气的 易受,伤害的,shabby adj.,破旧的，破烂的，衣衫褴褛的,shallow adj.,浅的，浅薄的,shelter n.U,，,C,掩蔽处，躲避处,shrink vi.(shrank/shrunk,，,shrunk/shrunken),起皱，收缩 退,缩，畏缩,signature n.,C,，,U,签名，署名，签字,significance n.U,，,C,意义，含义 重要性，重大,sincerely adv.,真诚地,sour adj.,酸的，酸味的 尖酸刻薄的 馊的，酸臭的,specific adj.,特有的，特定的 具体的，明确的,split v.(split,，,split),使分裂 劈开，撕裂,sponsor n.C,主办者，发起者，赞助者,vt,.,发起，主办 资助，赞,助 倡议，支持,stable adj.,稳定的，稳固的 沉稳的，持重的,stadium n.,C(pl,.,：,stadiums/,stadia,),运动场，体育场,standard n.U,，,C,标准,adj.,标准的,statistics n.C,，,U(,用作单数,),统计,(,学,)(pl.),统计数据，统计资料,模块,高考体验,品真题,A,组,2010,年,1,(,全国卷,),As a child,Jack studied in a village school,_ is,named after his grandfather.,A,Which B,Where C,what D,That,解析：,考查非限制性定语从句。句意：小时侯，杰克在一所乡村学校,读书，那所学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。先行词是,a village,school,，代入定语从句后为：,The village school is named after his,grandfather.,由此可见先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限,定性定语从句，故用,which,引导。,答案：,A,2,(,全国卷,),I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was,someone elses fault.,A,Who B,That C,as D,what,解析：,考查定语从句。不定代词,something,作主语，用,that,引导。,答案：,B,3,(,北京卷,),Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will,gain weight quickly.,A,what B,whose C,which D,that,解析：,考查定语从句引导词。句意：不爱活动或者饮食热量偏高的孩,子们会很快发胖。句中,children,为先行词，,or,连接两个并列的定语从,句。先行词,children,与后一个从句中的主语,diet,形成所属关系：,children,s diet,，故选,B,。,答案：,B,4,(,四川卷,),After graduating from college,I took some time off to go,traveling,_ turned out to be a wise decision.,A,That B,Whichh C,when D,Where,解析：,B,考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去,旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。此处应为,which,引导的非限,制性定语从句，,which,代替前边整个句子。,答案：,B,5,(,江苏卷,)The newly built caf,，,the walls of _ are painted,light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard,work.,A,that B,it C,what D,Which,解析：,考查定语从句的引导词。这里是非限制性定语从句，所以用,which,引导。,答案：,D,6,(,江西卷,),The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training,centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour.,A,Where B,who C,Which D,What,解析：,考查定语从句。先行词为,centre,she would stay for an hour,不缺宾语或主语，故要填状语，表地点用,where,。,答案：,A,7,(,湖南卷,),Ive become good friends with several of the students in my,school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.,A,who B,where C,when D,Which,解析：,考查定语从句。引导定语从句修饰表示人的先行词,the,students,，且在从句中作,met,的宾语，故选关系代词,who,，即,A,项。,答案：,A,8,(,福建卷,),Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be,the only planet _ life has developed gradually.,A,That B,Where C,Which D,Whose,解析：,考查定语从句。句意：斯蒂芬,霍金认为地球是不可能是唯,一的生命逐渐发展的星球。,where,引导定语从句，相当于,in which,。,其余三项不符合先行词在定语从句中所作的成分，故排除。因此,应选,B,项。,答案：,B,9,(,重庆卷,),In China,the number of cities is increasing _,development is recognized across the world.,A,where B,which C,whose D,That,解析：,考查定语从句。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城,市的发展被全世界意识到。,development,与先行词,cities,之间是所,属关系，所以选,whose,。,答案：,C,10,(,浙江卷,),The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of,_ left their village homes for a better life in the city.,A,whom B,which C,them D,Those,解析：,考查定语从句引导词。句意：这里居住着将近,1 000,人，他,们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。由,many,之后的,逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除,C,、,D,项。由于先行词,是,“,1 000 people,”,，表示人，故用,whom,。,答案：,A,11,(,山东卷,),Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to,be seen.,A,that B,which C,whose D,What,解析：,考查定语从句的引导词。句意那就是那台零部件小得几乎,看不见的新机器。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使,用，所以使用,whose,。,答案：,C,12,(,陕西卷,),The old temple _ roof was damaged in a storm is,now under repair.,A,Where B,Whichh C,its D,Whose,解析：,考查定语从句。所填词引导定语从句，先行词是,the old,temple,，关系词在从句中做,roof,的定语，用关系代词,whose,，选,D,。,其余选项与题意不符。,答案：,D,13,(,天津卷,),Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?,You should try the barbers _ I go.Its only 15.,A,as B,which C,where D,That,解析：,考查定语从句。句意：,你能相信我理一次发得花,20,美,元吗？,你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要,15,美元。句,中,the barber,s,是先行词，从句中,go,是不及物动词，所选关系,代词在从句中作状语，所以要用,where,。,答案：,C,B,组,2009,年,1,(,全国卷,),She brought with her three friends,，,none of _ I,had ever met before.,A,them B,who C,whom D,These,解析：,考查定语从句。先行词为,her three friends,，表示人的关系,代词在从句中作宾语且位于介词,of,之后，故只能用,whom,。,答案：,C,2,(,全国卷,)My friend showed me round the town,，,_ was,very kind of him.,A,which B,That C,Where D,It,解析：,考查定语从句。题干中的逗号之后为非限定性定语从句，关,系代词,which,指代前句的内容，且在句中担当主语。,答案：,A,3,(,四川卷,),Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her,son who had gone missing two years before.,A,That B,Which C,where D,When,解析：,考查定语从句。先行词,her stay,表示逗留时间，在从句中起,状语的作用，用关系副词,when,引导定语从句。,答案：,D,4,(,天津卷,),A person _ email account is full wont be able to,send or receive any emails.,A,who B,whom C,Whose D,Whoever,解析：,考查定语从句。,a person,为先行词，空格处指代该词且与定,语从句中的,email account,间存在所属关系，故用,whose,。,答案：,C,5,(,山东卷,),Whenever I met her,，,_ was fairly often,，,she greeted,me with a sweet smile.,A,Who B,Which C,when D,That,解析：,考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句，引导词指代前面一个句,子，故用,which,。,答案：,B,6,(,江苏卷,)Because of the financial crisis,，,days are gone _,local 5,star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.,A,if B,when C,which D,Since,解析：,考查定语从句。本题属于分隔型定语从句，因为谓语部分,很短，谓语部分,are gone,被插入到先行词,days,与定语从句之间。,when,引导定语从句修饰先行词,days,。,答案：,B,7,(,江西卷,),The house I grew up _ has been taken down and,replaced by an office building.,A,in it B,In C,in that D,in which,解析：,考查定语从句。,The house(which/that I grew up in),，主语后,面紧跟的是定语从句。,答案：,B,8,(,浙江卷,),I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed,to make decisions of my own.,A,which B,where C,how D,Why,解析：,考查定语从句。该句的先行词是,a point,，其在从句中作地点,状语，应该用关系副词,where,来引导。故,B,项正确。,答案：,B,9,(,重庆卷,),Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to,go beyond ourselves.,A,why B,what C,that D,Where,解析：,考查定语从句。,where,引导定语从句，修饰先行词,race,。,where,在从句中作状语，表示地点，即,“,在比赛中,”,。,答案：,D,10,(,陕西卷,),Gun control is a subject _ Americans have,argued for a long time.,A,of which B,with which,C,about which D,into which,解析：,考查定语从句。先行词是,Gun control,，指物，关系词在从,句中做介词的宾语，介词前置，介词与从句动词构成搭配,argue,about sth.,，选,C,。,答案：,C,模块,考点锁定,知识网,关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词,who,，,whom,，,whose,，,which,，,that,引导定语从句时，可在,从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。,who,代指人，作主语或宾,语；,whom,代指人，作动词宾语或介词宾语；,whose,代指人或物，作,定语；,which,代指物，作主语或宾语等；,that,代指人或物，作主语或,宾语等。,This is the detective who came from London.,The book which/that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.,The desk whose leg is broken is very old.,1,先行词在定语从句中作表语时，不管先行词是指人还是指物，引导词,都要用,that,，但在非限制性定语从句中要改用,which,。,Hes changed a lot.Hes not the man that he was.,This is not an easy question that you think it to be.,He has become a doctor,，,which he wanted to be.,2,“,介词关系代词,”,可以引导定语从句，但关系代词只可用,whom,或,which,，不可用,who,或,that,。,The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.,In the dark street,，,there wasnt a single person to whom she could,turn for help.,3,“,whose,n.”,引导定语从句修饰,“,物,”,时，可换成,“,the,n.,of,which,”,或,“,of which,the,n.,”,。,He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.,He lives in a big house the window of which faces the sea.,He lives in a big house of which the window faces the sea.,4,which,引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句，此时,which,相当于,and this,。,He succeeded in the competition,，,which made his parents very happy.,The weather turned out to be very good,，,which was more than we,could expect.,as,引导的定语从句,1.as,有“正如，就像”之意，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语、宾语或表,语，从句可位于主句的前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；但,which,引导的非限制性定语从句一般只能放在主句之后。,As and been expected,the British team won the football match.,The result of the experiment was very good,which we badnt expected.,He was late for school,as was often the case with tim.,小贴士：,as is often the case(with.)“(,对,来说,),那是常有的事；通常就是这样”现在已作为习语用。,2,such.as.,与,such.that.,的区别。,such.as.,中的,as,引导的是定语从句，而,such.that.,中的,that,引导的,是结果状语从句。当,as,引导定语从句时，,as,在从句中一般作主语或,宾语，也就是说，,as,后面的句子实际上是不完整的。而,that,引导结,果状语从句时，,that,在从句中不作任何成分，即从句是非常完整的。,This is such a difficult problem as all of us cant work out.(,从句中的,work out,缺少宾语，前面的,as,是关系代词，用作,work out,的宾语。,),This is such a difficult problem that all of us cant work it out.(,从句,是完整的句子，前面的,that,只起引导从句的作用，在从句中不作成,分。,),3,as,引导的定语从句与,it,作形式主语的主语从句和以,what,引导的主语,从句的区别。,试比较：,As is known to everybody,，,the moon travels round the earth once,every month.,It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once,every month.,What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth,once every month.,关系副词引导的定语从句,1.,关系副词,when,，,where,，,why,在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点或原,因。关系副词,when,在从句中充当时间状语，,where,充当地点状语，,why,充当原因状语。当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，引导词要用关,系副词。,I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Lin.,This is the place where we lived for 5 years.,I know the reason why he came late.,2,关系副词常可换成“介词关系代词”。,when,可换成,on,/in/,by,which,等，,where,可换成,at,/in/,from which,等，,why,换成,for which,。但,如先行词前已有介词，则关系副词不可换成“介词关系代词”。,I still remember the day when(on which)we first met.,This village where(in which)he was born has now taken on a new look.,Tell me the reason why(for which)you missed the flight.,试比较：,This is the factory where I paid a visit the other day.,This is the factory to which I paid a visit the other day.,This is the factory that/which I visited the other day.,3,名词,situation,，,point,，,case,，,stage,，,scene,等后也可接,where,引导的,定语从句。,The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to,situations where help is needed.,They have reached the point where they have to separate with each,other.,4,way,后面的定语从句不能用,how,引导。如,way,在从句中作状语，应用,in which,或,that,引导，甚至还可省略引导词；如作主语或宾语应用,that,或,which,引导。,I dont like the way in which he talks.,I dont like the way(that)he talks.,The way that/which he thought of to solve the problem might be helpful.,5,from where,，,since when,，,by when,为,“,介词关系副词,”,结构，它们,也可以引导定语从句。,Tom hid himself behind the door,，,from where he could hear the steps,of his mother clearly.,She left home three years ago,，,since when we havent heard from her.,特别提示：,判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中作,什么成分。,Ill never forget the day that/which I spent with you on the farm.(,先行,词,the day,作,spent,的宾语：,I spent the day with you on the farm.),Ill never forget the day when I worked together with you on the,farm.(,先行词,the day,在从句中作状语：,I worked together with you on,the farm on that day.),He works in the factory which makes color TV sets.(,先行词,the factory,在从句中作主语：,The factory makes color TV sets.),He works in the factory where color TV sets are made.(,先行词,the,factory,在从句中作状语：,Color TV sets are made in the factory.),关系副词,where,引导的定语从句与,where,引导的地点状语,；,从句或名词性从句的区别,Youd better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions.,(,定语从句，修饰,the spot),Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(,地点状语,从句,),Go and get your coat.Its where you left it.(,表语从句,),非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别,非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔，并且不能加入,and,，,but,，,so,等连接词。并列句一般由,and,，,but,，,so,等词连接，或,中间用“分号”隔开。,He paid the boy,10 for washing the windows,，,most of which,hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,He paid the boy,10 for washing the windows,，,and most of them,hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,He paid the boy,10 for washing the windows,；,most of them,hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,Johns parents kept telling him that he should work hard,，,but it,didnt help.,I advised him to give up smoking,，,which didnt help.,模块,难点突破,课内练,1,Last week our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem,_ none of us worked out.,A,as B,which C,that D,What,解析：,so.as,，,“,如此,以致于,”,；,as,在后面句中作宾语。,答案：,A,2,_ John Kennedy put it,，“,Ask not what your country can,do for you,，,ask what you can do for your country.”,A,Which B,As C,While D,What,解析：,as,引导定语从句，译为,“,正如,，正像,，,”,可放在句,首或句中；而,which,不能位于句首。,答案：,B,3,In experiments _ young teens are allowed to sleep as long as,they want,，,they tend to sleep an average of 9 hours.,A,that B,what C,which D,Where,解析：,本句的先行词为,experiments,，,where,在从句中作地点状语。,答案：,D,4,By nine oclock,all the Olympic rorch bearers had heached the,top of Mount Qomolangma,，,_ appeared a rare rainbow,soon.,A,of which B,on which,C,from which D,above which,解析：,考查定语从句。定语从句先行词是,Mount Qomolangma,，,系词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前，此处是非限制性定语,从句，关系词用,which,，根据题干意思可知介词意思是,“,在,之,上,”,，选,D,。,答案：,D,5,Happiness is an active state of mind _ one thinks ones life,meaningful,，,satisfactory and comfortable.,A,where B,which C,there D,When,解析：,where,修饰先行词,state,，在定语从句中担当地点状语。,答案：,A,6,We should pay great attention to safety in schools because of frequent,reports about accidents _ students got injured or killed while,in school.,A,in which B,for which C,which D,What,解析：,先行词为,accident,，在定语从句中充当地点状语，故用,in,which,where,。,答案：,A,7,He liked to go to dances and parties _ he could have a,good time just sitting and watching.,A,where B,When C,which D,Why,解析：,先行词为,dances and parties,在定语从句中作状语，故用,where,。,答案：,A,8,What will you major in when entering college?,Well,，,I choose law,，,to be a lawyer,，,_ I have been,intended for.,A,which B,that C,what D,Who,解析：,先行词为,a lawyer,，指的是一种职业，在定语从句中充当宾,语。故用,which,。,that,不能用于非限定性定语从句。,答案：,A,9,Ahead of me I saw a woman _ I thought was my aunt.,A,who B,whom C,which D,what,解析：,先行词为,a woman,，其在定语从句中担当,was,的主语，故用,who,。,答案：,A,10,As a coach,，,you should know clearly about the direction,_ your team should develop.,A,to which B,in which,C,on which D,for which,解析：,先行词为,the direction,，在定语从句中担当状语，即,develop in the direction,，故用,in which,。,答案：,B,11,Im glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you,，,without _,consideration our project would have ended in failure.,A,whom B,his C,whose D,Who,解析：,先行词为,Mr.Smith,，其与,consideration,构成所属关,系，故用,whose,，表示史密斯先生的关心。,答案：,C,12,After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she,needed to decide what to do.,A,that B,what C,which D,Where,解析：,先行词为,a point,，在后面的定语从句中担当状语，故用,where,。,答案：,D,13,Tom hid himself behind the door,，,_ he rushed out to scare,his mother.,A,Which B,Where C,from which D,from where,解析：,先行词为,behind the door,，句意为“他快速的从门后出来吓,他的妈妈”。,答案：,D,14,There are many kinds of birds in Australia,，,and over 140 species,of snakes,，,many of _ are extremely dangerous.,A,them B,which C,what D,Those,解析：,先行词为,snakes,，在定语从句中作宾语。,答案：,B,15,On the long flight to Hawaii,，,the memory of my childhood,，,_,I was my fathers shadow,，,came flooding back.,A,as