科哲课-生物医学研究伦理问题.ppt

*,王云岭,wangyl,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The goal of BMR,to produce medical treatments that are both safe and effective at,providing genuine medical benefit,2,二、以人为受试者的生物医学研究的历史与教训,Three interrelated dimensions of BMR goal,3,一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义,6,一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义,three other sources of worry,Biased outcomes,Industry-sponsored research tends to have favorable outcomes for the tested drug,Weakened standard,drugs are often tested on are younger and healthier patients than the target population.,control drugs is often administered in insufficient doses or inadequate ways,Suppressed and delayed publication,Substantial numbers of clinical trials are never reported in print,long delays in the publication of results,7,一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义,Choice of research projects,ethical ramifications,BMR,Moral Failures,enormous inequalities,in the global allocation,of funds,pharmaceutical companies appear to invent diseases,8,一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义,9,二、以人为受试者的生物医学研究的历史与教训,enormous inequalities,in the global allocation of funds to research different diseases,10,一、涉及人的生物医学研究的伦理意义,chronic,i.e.,not curable,but,treatabel,not lethal,affect wealthy people,current researched,diseases have the following properties,：,Socio-economic failures,1.lack of innovation,the,majority of new drugs in the market are slight modifications of existing substances,the FDA requires drugs to be tested only relative to placebos,Socio-economic failures,2.Exploding health costs.,U.S.patients have to pay far more for their drugs than consumers in comparable countries,13,谢谢！,