制药专业英语高职高专.ppt

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,制药专业英语_高职高专,关于考试,期末考试约占,6,0%,（,形式待定）；,平时成绩约占,20%,；,考勤约占,2,0%,。,药学英语的必要性,阅读专业文献，丰富专业知识,从事科研与生产工作的重要技能,国际间的学术交流,如何进行本课程的学习,掌握专业英语的特点,记忆一定量的专业词汇,大量阅读及翻译专业英文文献,勤动手查阅专业词典,专业英语的特点：,文体,专业英语要求其客观性、准确性及严密性，注意叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰、畅达，避免行文晦涩。,词汇,包括：基础词汇、科技缩略词汇、专有名词、专业术语。,The formulation must be preserved against decomposition due to chemical degradation and protected from microbial contamination and the destructive influences of excessive heat,light,and moisture.,例句：,药品在保存时，必须防止降解引起的变质，避免微生物污染以及因过度的光照、受热及潮湿引起的药品成分的变质。,Part 1,Introduction to Drugs,Unit 1,What Is a Drug,Vocabulary,synthetic,合成的,alter,改变,physiological,生理学的,organism,生物体,diagnosis,诊断,recreational,修养的,cannabis,大麻,heroin,海洛因,cocaine,可卡因,caffeine,咖啡因,nicotine,烟碱,alcohol,酒精,pregnant,怀孕的,fetal,胎儿的,malformation,畸形,kidney,肾,metabolism,新陈代谢,excretion,排泄,renal,肾脏的,clearance,清除,sensitive,敏感的,contraindicate,禁忌,pharmacological,药理学的,molecular,分子的,generic,普通的,pharmacopoeia,药典,prescription,处方,patent,专利,expire,期满,retain,保持,inevitably,不可避免的,cellular,细胞的,macromolecule,高分子,modification,更改,inhibition,禁止,enzyme,酶,receptor,接受器,Text,A drug is any natural or synthetic substance that alters,the physiological state of a living organism.Drugs can be divided into two groups:,Medicinal drugs are substances used for the treatment,prevention,and diagnosis of disease.,2.,Non-medicinal drugs,or social drugs,are substances used for recreational purposes.Non-medicinal drugs include illegal mood-altering substances such as cannabis,heroin,and cocaine as well as everyday substances such as caffeine,nicotine,and alcohol.,Although drugs are intended to have a selective action,this is rarely achieved.There is always a risk of adverse effects associated with the use of any drug.No drug is without,side effects,although the severity and frequency of,these,will vary from drug to drug and from person to person.Those who,are,more,prone to,the adverse effects of drugs include:,1.,Pregnant women,who must be careful about taking drugs as certain drugs cause fetal malformations.,2.Breast-feeding women,who must also be careful about which drugs they take,as many drugs can,be passed on,in the breast milk and consumed by the developing infant.,1954,年首先在前,联邦德国,合成。,1956,年在,德国,上市，被广泛使用为,镇静剂,及预防妊娠性呕吐,1960,年,欧洲,的医生们开始发现，本地区畸形婴儿的出生率明显上升。,1961,年全世界市场召回及禁止上市，当时全世界约有,15000,名左右婴儿已经受害,1963,年正式退市。导致新药的试验的法规诞生！,3.Patients with liver or kidney disease.These illnesses will result in decreased metabolism and excretion of the drug and will produce the side effects of an increased dose of the same drug.,4.The elderly,who tend to take a large number of drugs,greatly increasing the risk of drug interactions and the associated side effects.In addition,elderly patients have a reduced renal clearance,and a nervous system that is more sensitive to drugs.The dose of drug initially given is usually 50%of the,adult dose,and,certain drugs are contraindicated,.,A single drug can have a variety of names and belong to many classes.Factors used for classifying drugs include their pharmacotherapeutic actions,pharma-cological actions,molecular actions,and chemical nature.The,generic name,of a drug is that which appears in official national pharmacopoeias.,All drugs available on,prescription,or sold,over the counter,have a generic name that may vary from country to country.Newly patented drugs usually have one generic name and one,brand name,.However,once the patent expires,the marketing of the drug is open to any number of manufacturers and,although the generic name is retained,the variety of brand names inevitably increases.,A drug causes a change of physiological function by interacting with the organism at the,chemical level,.,Certain drugs work by means of their,physicochemical properties,and are said to have a,non-specific mechanism,of action.For this reason,these drugs must be given in much higher doses than the more,specific drugs,.,Most drugs produce their effects by,targeting specific cellular macromolecules,.This may involve modification of DNA or RNA function,inhibition of,transport system,or enzymes or,more commonly,action on receptors.,课堂作业,英译汉,natural substance,medicinal drugs,non-medicinal drugs,mood-altering substances,the nervous system,side effects,the breast milk,developing infant,pharmacopoeia,汉译英,药物分为两类；,合成物质；,哺乳期妇女；,成年剂量；,正式名称；,商品名；,处方药；,非处方药；,专利过期,