数字与口译.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,数字与口译,数字向来是口译过程中的一个难点。,主要难点存在于以下几个方面：,1.,表达方法不同,汉语：十，百，千，万，十万，百万，千万，亿，十亿,英语：,ten,hundred,thousand,ten thousand,hundred thousand,million,ten million,hundred million,billion,2.,基本数字单位不同,汉语：基本数字单位是“万”和“亿”。,英语：基本数字单位是,thousand,和,million.,数字与口译,3.,数字间转换要求高,相当熟悉两种数字表达，不允许任何形式的误差和偏失。,4.,记忆力要求高,在对数字处理技巧要求高的同时，要求超强的记忆力，从而保证源语言信息的完整无缺。,尤其是当数字在口译过程中纷涌而来时，带来巨大压力，往往造成错译或者延时。,数字与口译,实践：,在口译过程中，遇到任何数字都要用笔记下来。,但是汉语以万为单位，也就是每四位为一个单位，而英语以千为单位，也就是每三位为一个单位。所以，通常在口译的实践过程中，译者比较推崇的是,“点三杠四”,的方法来处理听到的数字，即“点”代表英语表达，“杠”代表汉语表达。,数字与口译,3,、小数点表达法,0.9,零点九,point nine;zero/naught/oh point nine,0.0007%,百分之零点零零零七,zero/naught/oh point 000 seven percent,0.88,万,零点八八万,8,800 or eight thousand eight hundred,数字与口译,4,、小数与“万”“亿”的结合法,万：,ten thousand,亿：,hundred million,0.23,万,=0.23ten thousand=2.3 thousand or 2300=two thousand three hundred,4.39,万,=43.9 thousand or 43,900=forty-three thousand nine hundred,9.2,亿,=920 million or 920,000,000=nine hundred twenty million,23.6,亿,=2360 million or 2,360,000,000=two billion three hundred sixty million,数字与口译,5,、序数词,1)first,second,third,fourth,fifth,eighty,ninth,twelfth,2)“,整十”序数词，,y-ie,加,th.,第,240,或,240th:two hundred fortieth,3),多位数,将末尾词,1-9,变为序数词，用,-,与前面相连即可。,第二十一或,21st:twenty-first,第一百四十四或,144th:one hundred forty-fourth,第三百八十七或,387th:three hundred eighty-seventh,数字与口译,6,、不确定数目,(1),大约,“about,around,approximately,roughly,some,more or less+,数字”或“数字,+or so,thereabout,in the rough”,(2),至少,“,less than,fewer than,under,below,within+,数字”,(3),数十，数百等,“数词,+of”,数十、几十,：,tens of(20-99),dozens of(24-99),scores of(40-99),decades of(20-99),数百、几百、成百：,hundreds of,several hundreds of,several hundred,by the hundred,数千、几千、成千：,thousands of,several thousands of,several thousand,by the thousand,数万、几万：,tens of thousands of,数十万：,hundreds of thousands of,数百万：,millions of,数千万：,tens of millions of,数亿：,hundreds of millions of,数十亿：,billions of,数字与口译,7,、数字与意义的结合,（,1,）量,amount/volume,、数,number,总数,total amount/volume,总量,total number,进口总量,total import amount/volume,水资源总量,the amount of the water resource,（,2,）值,value,、额,volume,国民,/,内生产总值（,GNP/GDP Gross National/Domestic Product,）,工业总产值,total industrial output value,（,3,）收入,earnings,income,revenue,总收入,aggregate/gross income/earnings/revenue,净收入,net income,（,4,）率,rate,、比率,ratio,、比重,proportion,、指数,index,失业率,unemployment rate,增长率,growth rate,通货膨胀率,inflation rate,负债比率,debt ratio,性别比率,sex ratio,消费价格指数,Consumer Price Index,生活费指数,cost-of-living index,数字与口译,8,、度量衡,（,1,）面积和尺寸,（,2,）体积和容积,（,3,）重量,（,4,）货币,（,5,）其他（物理、化学等）,数字与口译,9,、数字的“达、计,”,与“占”等表达,“,计，达”：,Total,stand at,reach,arrive at,add up to,amount to,come to,hit,record,register,例：,The number of private enterprises totaled/came to/was 1,324 in the city.,The economic growth rate of the coastal city hit/reached/arrived at/stood at 13.4%.,China will record/register an economic growth rate of above 7.5 percent this year.,“,占，相当于”：,account for,represent,cover,take up,equal,equivalent to,数字与口译,10,、数字的变化趋势,（,1,）表示“稳定”的词,level off,达到平衡,remain stable,保持平稳,stay at,保持在,freeze,冻结,stagnate,停滞,（,2,）表示“增、减”或“涨、跌”一类,增,:rise,go up,grow,increase/a rise,an increase,猛增,:hike,jump,shoot up,soar,skyrocket,surge/a hike,a surge,a jump,缓增,:climb,pick up/a climb,be on the increase/rise,创新高,:hit a record high/scale new heights/reach the peak,降,:fall,go down,drop,reduce,decline,decrease/a fall,a drop,a reduction,a decline,a decrease,猛降,:plummet,plunge,slash,tumble/a plunge,稍降,:dip,slip,trim/a dip,缓降,:de on the decline/decrease,创新低、跌入谷底,:hit a record low/hit the bottom,（,3,）表示“超出、超过”一类,exceed,outnumber,outtake,outpace,outstrip,surpass.,（,4,）与上述词汇连用的相关介词：,of,by,to,at,over,等,数字与口译,11,、倍数、比较等,（,1,）倍数增加,A,是,B,的,N,倍。或,A,比大倍。,A is N times as great(long,much,)as B.,A is N times greater(longer,more,)than B.,A is N times the size(length,amount,)of B.,增加到倍。或增加倍。,increase to N times,increase N times/N-fold,increase by N times,increase by a factor of N,There is a N-fold increase/growth,增至,N,倍，或增加,N-1,倍,Double(,增加,1,倍,),，,Treble/triple,（增加,2,倍），,quadruple(,增加,3,倍,),（,2,）倍数减少,A is N times as small(light,slow,)as B.,A is N times smaller(lighter,slower,)as B.,decrease N times/n-fold,decrease by N times,decrease by a factor of N,Decrease,常被,reduce,shorten,go/slow down,等词代替,there is a N-fold decrease/reduction,应译为 减至,1/N,z,或者减少,(N-1)/N,数字与口译,1,、全国实现基本普及九年义务教育、基本扫除青壮年文盲的人口地区覆盖率，由,1997,年的,65%,提高到,2002,年的,91%,。,Areas where the nine-year compulsory education had basically become universal and where illiteracy among the young and middle-aged had been basically eliminated accounted for 65%of the Chinese population in 1997,and the figure rose to 91%in 2002.,数字与口译,2,、群众性体育活动蓬勃展开，竞技体育屡创佳绩。五年间，在重大国际比赛中共获得,485,个世界冠军，创造世界记录,193,次。北京申办,2008,年奥运会获得成功，上海赢得,2010,年世界博览会举办权。,Mass sports enlivened the whole country.Chinese athletes did well in competitive sports.In the past five years,they won 485 world titles and set193 new world records in major international competitions.Beijing won the bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games,and Shanghai secured the right to host the 2010 World Exposition.,数字与口译,3,、四年来，国家财政用于科技的投入累计,2500,亿元，比前四年增长一倍多。全国研究与实验开发经费，从,1998,年的,509,亿元增加到,2002,年的,1161,亿元，占国内生产总值的比重从,0.64%,提高到,1.13%,。,The central government spent a total of 250 billion yuan on science and technology,more than double the figure for the previous four years.Spending on research and development nationwide increased from 50.9 billion yuan in 1998 to 116.1 billion yuan in 2002,an increase from 0.64%to 1.13%in terms of the GDP share.,数字与口译,4,、,Our GDP rose from 7.4 trillion yuan in 1997 to 10.2 trillion yuan in 2002,an average annual increase of 7.7%,when calculated in constant price.,国内生产总值从,1997,年的,7.4,万亿元增加到,2002,年的,10.2,万亿元，按可比价格计算，平均每年增长,7.7%,。,数字与口译,5,、,More than 3 million children have health insurance now,and more than 7 million Americans have been lifted out of poverty.Our economy is breaking records,with more than 22 million new jobs,the lowest unemployment in 30 years,the highest home/apartment ownership ever,the longest expansion in history.,已有,300,多万儿童在享受着儿童医疗保险，,700,多万人民已经脱离了贫困线。我们的经济正在破着一个又一个的记录。我们已创造了,2200,万个新的工作岗位，我们的失业率是,30,年来最低的，老百姓的购房率达到一个空前的高度，我们经济繁荣的持续时间是历史上最长的。,数字与口译,6,、,Our families and communities are stronger.Thirty-five million Americans have used the Family Leave Law;8 million have moved off welfare.Crime is at a 25-year low.Over 10 million people receive more college aid,and more people than ever are going to college.,我们的家庭、我们的社区变得更加强大。,3500,万人曾经享受联邦休假，,800,万人重新获得社会保障，犯罪率是,25,年来最低的，,1000,多万人民享受更多的入学贷款，更多的人接受大学教育。,数字与口译,7,、,Institutions of higher learning have enrolled more students every year since 1999,and the admission rate for those taking the college entrance exams increased from 36%to 59%.In 2002,the student population in institutions of higher learning was 16 million,2.3 times the 1997 figure.In these five years,13 million junior and regular college students and 310,000 graduate students graduated.Important progress was made in outsourcing college services to independent service providers.A total of 48 million square meters of college dormitories were built or remodeled,more than the total built in the 19501997 period.,高等学校从,1999,年起连续扩大招生规模，高考录取率从,36%,提高到,59%,；,2002,年高等学校在校生,1600,万人，是,1997,年的,2.3,倍；五年内全国本专科毕业生,1300,万人，毕业研究生,31,万人。高校后勤社会化改革取得重要进展，新建和改建学生公寓,4800,万平方米，超过,1950,年到,1997,年的建设总规模。,数字与口译,数字与口译技能训练作业（自选）,1,、,10,句汉译英,2,、,10,句英译汉,3,、,17,段汉译英,4,、,13,段英译汉,5,、汉译英 “推动中智经贸合作迈上新台阶,”,在“中智经贸合作论坛”上的演讲（节选）中国全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国（,2006,年,9,月,6,日 圣地亚哥）,6,、英译汉 英国首相布莱尔在南非的演讲（节选）（,2007,年,5,月,31,日）,