柔性直流输电在交直流混联电网中的应用与展望.pdf

POWERNOKI直流输电技术全国重点实验室中国南方电网StateKeyLaboratoryofHVDCCHINASOUTHERNPOWERGRID2023JINAN柔性直流输电在交直流混联电网中的应用与展望APPLICATIONANDPROSPECTOFVSC-HVDCINAC/DCHYBRIDPOWERGRID黄伟煌南方电网科学研究院Weihuang HUANGSEPRI-CSG2023年9月22日，济南22ndSept.,2023，JINAN春提纲CONTENTS柔性直流的技术特点TechnicalcharacteristicsofVSC-HVDC柔性直流的发展现状DevelopmentofVSC-HVDC川.柔性直流在大电网中发挥的作用RoleofVSC-HVDCinLargePowerGridsIV.柔性直流在新型电力系统的应用与展望ApplicationandProspectofVSC-HVDCinNewPowerSystems2柔性直流技术特点VsC-HVDCtechnicalcharacteristics柔性直流是采用全控型功率器件和模块化拓扑结构的新一代直流输电技术，可控性高、适应性好，可实现有功和无功独立解耦的全域运行。VSC-HVDC is a newgenerationofDc transmissiontechnologythatadopts fully-controlledpowerdevices and modularized topology,withhighcontrollability,andcanrealizefourquadrantsoperationwithdecouplingcontrolofactiveandreactivepower.除了输电外，柔性直流能否部分取代交流系统元件的功能，例如“交流联络线模拟”“虚拟电磁环网”？“直流电厂”？这是本报告主要讨论的问题之Inadditiontotransmission,canVSC-HVDCpartiallyreplacethefunctionsofACsystemcomponents,suchasAclineemulation,Virtualelectromagneticloop,Dcpowerstation?Thesearethemainquestionsthatwillbediscussedinthisreport.“箱革元A“箱量元B箱量元直流侧正极功率模块动率模块功率模块第二象限第一象限母线模功率模块功率模块quadrant2quadrant1桥臂有功和无功独立解耦的全域运行半桥子模块直流侧Half-bridge ModuleIndependent decouplingofactiveandreactivepowerfor full-domainoperation直流侧负极鲜线全桥子模块第三象限第四象限柔性直流拓扑结构Full-bridge Modulequadrant3quadrant 4VSC-HVDCtopology3提纲CONTENTS柔性直流的技术特点TechnicalcharacteristicsofVSC-HVDo柔性直流的发展现状DevelopmentofVSC-HVDC川I.柔性直流在大电网中发挥的作用RoleofVSC-HVDCinLargePowerGridsIV.柔性直流在新型电力系统的应用与展望ApplicationandProspectofVSC-HVDCinNewPowerSystems柔性直流技术发展现状DevelopmentofVSC-HVDC柔性直流技术已成为全球关注热点和发展趋势VSC-HVDCtechnologyhasbecomeaglobalconcernanddevelopmenttrend已运行的直流工程，传统直流占大多数、达到70%，柔性直流占21%LCCaccountsforthemajority(70%)oftheHVDCprojectsinoperation,andVSC-HVDCaccountsfor21%规划中的直流工程，柔性直流成为主流方案，规划数量是传统直流的2倍AmongplannedHVDCprojects,VSC-HVDChasbecomethemainstream,twiceofconventionalLCC3%86%16%12%331921%LETT39%ETTLTTLTT8454%VSCVSCMixtureMixture25Unknown21Unknown16%43%00%已运行直流工程数据来源：CIGREB4规划建设中直流工程5HVDCprojectsinoperationData source:CIGRE B4HVDCprojectsunderplanningandconstruction柔性直流技术发展现状DevelopmentofVSC-HVDC柔性直流工程的电压和容量不断提高ThevoltageandcapacityofVSC-HVDCcontinuetoincrease.中国虽然起步晚，但无论是从发展速度还是工程容量上，都呈赶超趋势Although China started late,it is catching up both in terms of development speed and engineering capacity800乌东德国外直流电压5000MW中国600张北3000MW800kvINEFLE容量：1000MW=30Q0MW5000MW鲁西1000MW1000MWNord Lin400Transbaycable渝鄂1400MW500kVCrosssoundcable400MW4*1250MW330MW厦门2001000MW1Hellsjon舟山多端南汇320kv10MW20MW南澳多端400MW中海油200MW0TOMW199720022010201320162020年份6柔性直流技术发展现状DevelopmentofVsC-HVDC目前柔性直流在电网互联、远距离输电、新能源送出、中低压配电等四类主要场景得到了广泛应用Currently,VsC-HVDCiswidelyused infourmajor scenarios,includinggridinterconnection,long-distancepowertransmission,renewableenergytransmission,andpowerdistribution.电网互联新能源送出回丰合柔性直流技术GridRenewable EnergyAYInterconnectionTransmission远距离输电中国团80%低压配网交流微电网直流微电网g-distancePowerPowerTransmissionDistribution德能柔性直流技术应用于电网互联VSC-HVDCTechnologyAppliedtoGridlnterconnection柔直应用于电网互联，实现两个电网电力交换，并提高已有交流电网安全稳定水平Vsc-HVDC for grid interconnection is applied to exchange power between two grids and improve thesecurityandstabilityofexistingACgrids，电网互联可实现互供电力、互通有无、互为备用，可减少事故备用容量，增强抵御事故能力柔直不增加交流短路电流，不受交流系统短路容量限制，可快速灵活调节潮流，是电网互联的重要技术手段VSC-HVDCdoesnotincreasetheshort-circuitcurrentoftheACpowergrid,notlimitedbySCRoftheACsystem,canquicklyandflexiblyregulatethepowerflow,andisanimportanttechnicalsolutionforgridinterconnection国内外已建成的柔直背靠背联网工程分区2Completedback-to-backVSC-HVDCprojectsinChinaandabroad工程名称容量交流电压投入时间美国EaglePass工程36MW/15.9kV132kV2000分区1分区3澳大利亚Murraylink工程220MW/150kV132/220kV2002爱沙尼亚Estlink工程350MW/150kV400/330kV2006英国Britain-500MW/200kV400kV2013Ireland工程鲁西背靠背桑直工程1000MW/350kV500kV2016渝鄂背靠背柔直工程1250MW/420kV500kV2019柔直应用手交流电网互联中南通道柔直工程1500MW/400kV500kV2022VSc-HVDCapplicationsforACgridinterconnections8柔性直流技术应用于电网互联VSC-HVDCTechnologyAppliedtoGridlnterconnection电网互联典型应用Typicalapplicationsforgridinterconnection鲁西背靠背柔直工程：首次将柔性直流用于西电东送主通道，实现电网分区柔性互联Luxiback-to-backvSC-HvDCproject:thefirsttimetouseVSC-HVDCforthemainchannelofwest-eastpowertransmission,realizingflexibleinterconnectionofasynchronouspowergrids.厂东电网背靠背直工程：应用于广东电网负荷中心，实现不同交流电网区域交流系统敌障的隔离，提供快速功率控制与紧急功率支撑，增加电网稳定性GuangdongBack-to-BackvsC-HvDCProject:AppliedintheloadcenterofGuangdong,itrealizestheisolationofACsystemfaultsindifferentACpowergridareas,providesfastpowercontrolandemergencypowersupport,andincreasesthestabilityofthepowergrid滇月东罗平雨变电站汪罗平背靠背广西云南百色广东电网背靠背柔直工程鲁西背靠背桑直工程Guangdongback-to-backVSC-HVDCprojectLuxiback-to-backVSC-HVDCproject9柔性直流技术应用于远距离输电VSC-HVDCTechnologyAppliedtoLongDistancePowerTransmission柔直运行控制，拓扑结构和核心器件的发展，促进了电压等级及输电距离的提升Development of control strategy,circuit topology and power electronic devices have facilitated the increase ofvoltagelevelsandtransmissiondistances-双阀组串联拓扑与3000A等级器件研制，将柔直电压提升至800kV，容量提升至5000MW-Dual-valve serial topology and 3000A-rated device development to increase voltage to 800kV and capacity to 5000Mw加装直流断路器或“全桥+半桥”混合拓扑，可阻隔直流故障电流，实现远距离架空线故障的清除和快速重启-ByinstallingDCcircuitbreakersoradoptingfullbridge+halfbridgehybridtopology,DCfaultcurrentcanbeblocked,realizingfaultclearingandfastrestartunderlong-distanceoverheadlinefaults.国内外已建成/建设中的柔直远距离架空线输电工程FBSMCompleted/underconstructionlong-distancetransmissionVSC-HVDCprojectsinChinaandabroad工程名称容量/电压输电距离直流故障清除投入时间纳米比300MW/-350kV970km交流断路器亚Caprivi2010Link工程清除时间1.5sHBSM666km直流断路器张北直流3000MW/500kV20203ms开断电流昆柳龙直流5000MW/800kV1452km全半桥，主动降压清除2020150ms电流过零德国800MW/320kV340km建设中全桥和半桥混合型MMC的结构示意图ULTRANET全桥，主动降压清除Schematicstructureoffull-bridgeand half-bridge hybrid MMCs10柔性直流技术应用于远距离输电VSC-HVDCTechnologyAppliedtoLongDistancePowerTransmission远距离输电典型应用Typicalapplicationsforlongdistancepowertransmission昆柳龙直流工程：落点广东的第10回直流输电工程，将乌东德电站（世界第7大水电）的电力输送至两广负荷中心，受端采取特高压柔性直流技术KunliulongProject:the1OthDCtransmissionproject inGuangdong,transmittingpowerfromWDDStation(theworlds7thlargesthydropowerstation)totheloadcentersofGD&GXprovinces,withUHVVSC-HVDCtechnologyatthereceivingend世界上首次将柔性直流用于远距离、大容量、架空线输电-Theworlds firstapplicationofvsc-HvDcfor long-distance,high-capacity,overhead linepowertransmission.CCTV1305km云南昆北换流站西柳北换流站广东龙门换流站央视记者朱继华高森王戈李超云南台南方电网乌东德电站送电广东广西特高压工程投运乌东德水电站昆柳龙直流工程示意图11UdundehydroelectricpowerstationSchematicdiagramofKunliulongDCproject柔性直流技术应用于新能源送出VSC-HVDCTechnologyAppliedtoRenewableEnergyTransmission海风大容量集中送出能有效降低单位开发成本，柔直是深远海风电送出的主流方案Large-capacitycentralizedtransmissionofoffshorewindcanreducetheunitdevelopmentcost,VsC-HVDCisthemainstreamsolutionofthedistantoffshorewindpowertransmission深远海风柔直送出，直流海缆无充电无功问题，输电距离远DistantoffshorewindVSC-HVDCtransmission;NoreactivepowerissuesforDCcables;Longdistancetransmission国外已建成的海上风电柔直工程主要集中在德国，直流电压等级以土320kV为主CompletedoverseaoffshorewindpowerVSC-HVDCprojectsaremainlylocatedinGermany,DCvoltagearemainly32OkV.国内外已建成的海上风电柔直送出工程送出工程造价/亿元completed offshorewindpowerVSC-HVDCtransmission陆上站projectsinChinaandabroad直流海缆工程名称容量/电压输电距离投入时间海上站BorWin1400MW/150kV200km2010下降BorWin2800MW/300kV200km201525%DolWin1800MW/320kV165km2015HelWin1576MW/250kV130km2015HelWin2690MW/320kV130km2015SylWin1864MW/320kV205km2015DolWin2916MW/320kV135km201721GW12GWDolWin3900MW/320kV160km2017海风直流送出工程造价对比（国内）BorWin3900MW/320kV200km2019CostcomparisonofVSC-HVDCtransmission如东海上柔直1100MW/400kV108km2021projectsforoffshorewindpowerplant(China)12柔性直流技术应用于新能源送出VSC-HVDC Technology Applied to Renewable Energy Transmission新能源送出典型应用Typical applications of renewable energy transmission如东海风柔直工程：我国首个海风柔直送出工程，电压等级土400kV、容量1.1GW-Rudong Offshore Wind VSC-HVDc Project:the first offshore wind VSC-HVDC transmission project in China,40okV,1.1GW.，青州五/七柔直工程：采用500kV/2GW柔直送出，预计2024年建成，将成为世界首个投产的2GW海上风电直流送出工程，也是世界容量最大的海风柔直工程QingzhouFive/SevenVSc-HVDcProject:Adopting+500kVi2GWVSC-HVDC,expected to be completed in2024,will become theworlds first commissioned 2GW offshore wind power VSC-HVDC project,also the worlds largest offshore VSC-HVDC.大竹酬青洲七风电场青洲五风电场，1000MW1000MW如东海风柔直工程青州五/七桑直工程13Rudong offshore Wind VSc-HVDc ProjectQingzhou Five/Seven VSc-HvDc Project柔性直流技术应用于中低压配电VSC-HvDcTechnologyAppliedto Medium/LowVoltagePowerDistribution柔直向配电和用电延伸，可改善配电网运行性能，提高供电质量，促进节能减排vsc-HvDCextendstopowerdistributionandconsumption,whichcanimprovetheperformanceofdistributiongridenhancethepowerquality,andpromoteenergyconservationandemissionreduction分布式光伏广泛接入、电动汽车负荷快速增长，现有配电网面临挑战Distributedphotovoltaicwidelyaccessed,rapidgrowthofelectricvehicleloads,theexistingdistributionnetworkfaceschallenges中低压直流配电应用场景丰富，如配电网柔性互联、配电线路增容改造、工业园区/楼宇直流供电MediumandlowvoltageDCpowerdistributionapplicationscenariosareabundant,suchasinterconnectionofdistributionnetworks,capacityenhancementofdistributionline,DCpowersupplyinindustrialbuildings国内外已建成的柔直配电工程CompletedVsc-HVDCprojectsforpowerdistributioninChinaandabroadBatteryEVs工程名称容量/电压拓扑结构投入时间PVPanelsPVPaneFUN-LV（英国）240(400)两端/三端背靠背2016kVA/0.4kV(AC)dcdcNetworkEquilibriumFPL（英国）20MW/33kV(AC)两端/三端背靠背2018GricFENResearchCampusMVDC（德国）7.6MW/2.5kV三端直流配网2019Angle-DC（英国）30MW/27kV两端柔直2020杭州大江东直流配网30MW/10kV四端直流配网2018珠海唐家湾直流配网42MW/10kV四端直流配网2018贵阳直流配网4MW/10kV五端直流配网2018Grid RectifierAppliance ElectronicsightingEfficiency北京延庆交直流混合配网30MW/10kV三端背靠背2019ApplianceElectronics LightingSystem东莞交直流混合示范工程5.18MW/10kV多电压多层环网2020交流配电VS直流配电佛山多状态开关18MW/10kV三端背靠背2021ACpowerdistributionvs.DCpowerdistribution14柔性直流技术应用于中低压配电VSC-HvDCTechnologyAppliedtoMedium/LowVoltagePower Distribution中低压配电典型应用Typicalapplicationsformediumandlowpowerdistribution珠海唐家湾工程：多端多层级、可网络重构的土10kVI40MW柔直配电网，实现多个交流变电站的直流柔性互联和备用功率支撑，提高了系统供电可靠性ZhuhaiTangjiawanProject:Multi-terminal,multi-layer,networkreconfigurabledistributionnetwork,realizingDCflexibleinterconnectionofmultipleACsubstationsandstandbypowersupport,improvingsystempowersupplyreliability苏州同里工程：多电压等级、多应用场景的直流配电网，可实现各类直流电源、负荷和储能的友好互联、高效接入，满足用户高可靠供电、绿色用能和直流供电需求SuzhouTongliProject:Multi-voltagelevel,multi-applicationscenarioDCdistributionnetwork,whichcanrealizethefriendlyinterconnectionandefficientaccessofvarioustypesofDCpowersources,loadsandenergystorage,andmeettheusersneedsforhighlyreliablepowersupplygreen energyuseand DC powersupply鸡山站1直流微网鸡山站2唐家站珠海唐家湾柔直配电工程苏州同里柔直配电工程ZhuhaiTangjiawanflexiblepowerdistributionprojectSuzhouTongliflexiblepowerdistributionproject15提纲CONTENTS柔性直流的技术特点TechnicalcharacteristicsofVSC-HVDC柔性直流的发展现状DevelopmentofVSC-HVDC柔性直流在大电网中发挥的作用RoleofVSC-HVDCinLargePowerGridsIV.柔性直流在新型电力系统的应用与展望ApplicationandProspectofVSC-HVDCinNewPowerSystems16优化电网结构，提升电网本质安全水平OptimizingtheGridstructureandEnhancingGridSecurity鲁西背靠背柔性直流工程Luxiback-to-backVsC-HVDCproject云南电网超过70%功率由直流传输，直流故障后大规模潮流转移到交流通道，易造成同步失稳Morethan7o%of thepoweroftheYunnanpowergrid istransmittedbyVDC,andthelarge-scalepowertransfertotheACchannelafterDC failurewil easily cause synchronization instability.南网首次将柔直用干500kV主网架，建成鲁西直流，用于西电东送主通道，实现电网分区互联ChinaSouthernPowerGrid(CSG)firstlyusestheVSC-HVDCforthe5oOkVmaingrid,andbuildsLuxiB2BHVDCasthemainchannelofwesttoeasttransimmision,realizingtheinterconnectionofasynchronouspowergridsindifferentregions.柔直运行稳定可靠，年利用小时数超5000小时（2018年），交流故障下还能发无功支撑电网恢复VSC-HVDCoperationisstableandreliable,withannualutilizationhoursexceeding5,o00hours(2018),andreactivepowercanbegeneratedto support grid recoveryunderAC faults系统功角失稳风险基本被消除西联播空网刚电压新/广西刚联宽网刚电压1/广西例联编空月刷电压交流电压跌落至0.2p.u.多直流持续换相失败引起系统失稳风险得到缓解提供400Mvar无功支撑交流系统恢复云南水电送出增加250-340万干瓦17优化电网结构，提升电网本质安全水平OptimizingtheGridstructureandEnhancingGridSecurity鲁西背靠背柔性直流工程主要创新点Maininnovationsof Luxiback-to-backVSC-HVDCproject首次提出多类型换流器的有功无功协调控制技术，实现了多换流器控制模式自动识别与功率互济It isforthefirst timeto proposethe coordinated active/reactive control technology formultipletypes of converters,realizingthe automaticidentificationofmultipleconvertercontrolmodelsandpowerexchange.提出柔直暂停触发和快速恢复故障穿越控制技术，避免了交流故障下柔直停运，并提供动态支撑-Triggerblocking andfastfault recovery technologyare proposedto avoid VsC-HVDC shutdown underACfaultsand provide dynamicpower support.首次提出了常直与柔直并联运行的控制保护系统架构ThecontrolandprotectionarchitectureforparalleloperationofLCC-andVSC-HVDCisfirstlyproposed无功功控制中心Tr-shortTr-longTr-longTr-shortSCADASCADASCADAWA合断路器分断路器200600参考波（1EC60044-8）柔性直流无功输出阀控VBCA阀控VBC阀2阀3常规直流滤波器投切换流站2换流站1换流站3TI有功P控制Uac控制Udc控制有功P控制Uac控制个控制周期Uac控制v/f控制无功功率协调控制百微秒级的暂停触发技术柔直控制基本架构18Coordinated reactive power controlHundredsstriggerblockingtechnologyBasicstructureofflexibleDCcontrol优化电网结构，提升电网本质安全水平OptimizingtheGridstructureandEnhancingGridSecurityLevel粤港澳大湾区中、南通道背靠背柔性直流工程Back-to-BackVSC-HVDCProjectsinGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayArea粤港澳大湾区负荷高度聚集，电网联系紧密，短路电流水平高，极端故障下存在大面积停电风险TheGuangdong-HongKong-MacaoGreaterBayAreahaslargeload,closelyconnectedgrid,highshort-circuitcurrentlevels,andfacestheriskofTarge-scalepoweroutagesintheeventofextremefaults.南网首次将柔直用于解决负荷中心电网安全稳定问题，工程投产前，粤港澳湾区电网全接线、全开机短路电流最大值67.6kA；工程投产后，短路电流降低1425kAFor the first time,CsGhasused VSc-HVDC for solving.the security and stability issues of the load center.Before the commission of project,themaximumvalueofshort-circuitcurrentwas67.6kA.Afterthecommissionofproject,theshort-circuitcurrentwasreducedby14-25kA.化解了直流密集馈入运行风险，避免了负荷中心大面积停电，提高湾区电网电力供应和配置能力SolvetheriskofHVDCintensivefeed-inoperation,avoidlarge-scalepoweroutagesinloadcenters,andimprovethepowersupplyandallocation capacity of the Bay Areapowergrid.下降20kA下降25kA3500同步机提供的电流东部分区西部分区柔直提供的电流下降15kA下降14kA故障期间同步机电源与柔直提供电流对比500干伏站点附近短路电流水平Short-circuitCurrentComparisonofSynchronous19ShortCircuitCurrentnear500kVStationratorsandvsc-HvDCsDuringFaults优化电网结构，提升电网本质安全水平OptimizingtheGridstructureandEnhancingGridSecurityLevel中、南通道背靠背柔性直流工程主要创新点MainlnnovationsofBack-to-BackVSC-HVDCProjectinGreaterBayArea首次提出了柔直阻抗重塑、柔直交流断面失电下的快速过电压抑制方法等技术，大幅提高了柔性直流与复杂电网暂稳态交互控制技术improvestheperformanceoftransient-andsteady-statesinteractionsbetweenVSC-HVDCandACgrids.常规FLC控制交流频率锁相+0A相交流电压/kV1000优化前低通滤波处理优化后500sHmmc+ma交流电压MMC阀级控制无功功率或交Ere虚拟同步控制流电压控制控制6.16.156.26.256.36.356.46.45五次谐波电流29A（投入前）Fifthharmoniccurrent29A(beforeoperation)LFL优化前频率波动更小0.02Hz30106ms优化后2052.6ms15.06.156.26.256.36.356.46.456.5t/s优化前后过压与避雷器耐受时间对比频率优化控制技术五次谐波电流12A（投入后）Comparisonofovervoltageand arresterFrequencyoptimizationcontroltechnologyFifthharmoniccurrent12A(afteropertion)withstandtimebeforeandafteroptimization20降低多回直流同时换相失败的安全风险ReducingtheriskofCommutationFailureof multipleHvDCs昆柳龙特高压柔性直流工程KunliulongVSC-UHVDCProject多回直流集中馈入的受端电网中，交直流相互影响问题突出，存在多回直流同时换相失败风险IntherecievingendofmultipleHvDCcentralizedfeeders,theissuescausedbyAC/DCinteractionsareobvious,andthereisariskofcommutationfailureofmultipleHVDCs.-南网首次提出特高压柔直向负荷中心送电的技术路线，为广东电网的安全稳定提供了保障CSGfirstlyproposedthetechnicalrouteofUltrahighVSC-HVDCpowertransmissiontoloadcenters,whichprovidedsecurityandstabilityfortheGuangdongpowergrid.受端采用柔直，扭转了系统稳定恶化的趋势，多回直流同时换相失败范围显著减小、风险大幅降低Theuseof VSC-HVDCatthereceivingendreversesthetrendofdeterioratingsystemstability,andtheriskofcommutationfailureissignificantlyreduced多3.41+LCCVSC入效2.502.39短2.52.69路比2.122010年（5回直流）2015年（8回直流）2018年（9回直流）2020年（10回直流）受端换流站采用柔直扭转了系统稳定恶化的趋势TheuseofvSc-HvDcatreceivingendreversesthedeteriorationofsystemstabilityRedarea:LCCfailures;yellowarea:VSCfailures21降低多回直流同时换相失败的安全风险ReducingtheriskofCommutationFailureofmultipleHvDCs昆柳龙直流工程主要创新点MaininnovationsofKunliulongproject首创了混合直流稳态及暂态运行控制技术，实现混合直流在各种工况下的全域稳定运行ThefirsthybridHVDCsteady-stateandtransientoperationcontroltechnology,realizing stableoper