光纤产品基础培训课件.ppt

*,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,光纤保护培训,2012.6.12,1,Objectives,When you complete this course,you will be able to,完成本课程你将了解：,1,、,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤知识,2,、,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,3,、,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理事项,4,、,Bending fiber,光纤弯曲,5,、,Fiber twisting,光纤扭曲,6,、,Tying Fiber,光纤绑结,7,、,Spool Handling,光纤卷轴,8,、,Fiber Cleaning Guidelines,光纤清洁准则,9,、,Stripped Optical Fiber Storage,已剥皮光纤的存放,10,、,Six important rules,光纤保护的六条准则,2,1,、,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤知识,光纤全称,:,光导纤维简单的说就是一种高度透明的玻璃丝，,它是由二氧化硅玻璃经复杂的工艺拉制而成。,3,B.,金属,D.,玻璃,A.,塑胶,C.,纸,光纤是什么做的？,4,C.,水管,D.,面条,A.,吸管,B.,头发,光纤有多大？,5,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤构造,250,um Fiber 250um,光纤,Bare fiber,裸光纤,250,um fiber coating 250um,光纤涂覆层,Fiber cladding,光纤包层,Fiber core,光纤核心,光纤的典型结构是多层同轴圆柱体（如图）自内向外为纤芯、包层和涂覆层,6,125,m Cladding,包层(,Cladding):,由玻璃制成，它的折射率小于纤芯的折射率使光封闭在芯层中进行传输。,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤构造,9,250,m Buffer,涂覆层(,Buffer):,起保护光纤不受水汽的侵蚀和机械的擦伤，同时又增加光纤的柔韧性，起着延长光纤寿命的作用。,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤构造,10,光纤的分类,按传输模式分,：,1,、单模光纤：就是只允许一种模式传输的光纤，通常为基模，芯径约为,8,9m,，,外径约为,125m,。,2,、多模光纤，就是允许有多个导模传输的光纤，,芯径,50m,；光纤局域网中应用的多模光纤，,芯径为,62.5m,或,82.5m,，衰减相对较高，易于接续。,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤构造,11,公司所用光纤大多为单模光纤：,250,m，900 m,对于一定波长（或频率）的光波，只能沿着唯一的路径在光纤中传播。用,SMF,（single mode fiber）,表示,900,m,250,m,光纤分类,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤构造,12,光纤作用,光纤用于传输光信号,光纤的作用,即当光以某一角度进入光纤芯层时，如果入射角大于全反射临界角，则此时光被封闭在芯层中传输。,13,光纤,电话,电视,和计算机,在同一时间里同时使用,我们的产品,光纤的作用,14,光纤通信的优点,传输频带宽、容量大,传输损耗低,再生中继距离长,抗电磁干扰强，信息传输质量高,抗腐蚀性强,直径小、重量轻、富于挠性,资源丰富,15,光纤的缺点,光纤脆性较强，易折断，,对光源稳定性、单一性要求高，,预制棒制备技术，拉丝工艺要求高，,光源对准难度大,光纤通信的缺点,16,2,、,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,17,Missing/Cracked Coating,涂层缺少/破裂,Coating is removed,cracked exposing the cladding below.,涂层被去除,开裂暴露出其下的包层,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,18,Delamination,分层,Delamination,this appears as a bright area under illumination,分层-在照明下所显示的较亮区域.,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,19,Contamination,污物,Contamination,on the outer surface of the coating example:epoxy or silicone,涂层外表面上的污物-如：环氧胶或硅胶,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,20,Pinches,压痕,Pinch,an indentation but is,NOT,broken,压痕-没有破裂的凹痕.,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,21,3,、,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理事项,22,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,破 损 光 纤,23,什么会因素会损害光纤？,环境,温度,/,相对湿度,暴露在紫外线,UV,光源,日光,化学品接触,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,24,A.,酒精,B.,水,C.,丙酮,D.,墨水,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,什么会因素会损害光纤？,25,水是没有问题的,。,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,26,酒精用于清洁光纤,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,27,专用记号笔也是不会有影响的。,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,28,丙酮具有腐蚀性，会使光纤融化。,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,29,Inspection Station and Equipment,检验台和设备,The inspection process does not increase the risk of damage to the fiber,检验过程中不增加光纤损伤的风险,Properly organized and adequately sized work area,合适的组织和足够的工作空间,Table must have rounded edges and be free of clutter,桌子的边缘必须圆滑及没有杂物,A flat black(or other dark colour)inspection mat,平面黑色(或其它暗色)的检验垫子,A stereo zoom microscope(setting 15 to 25X)and light source,立体放大显微镜(设置15到25,X)，,带光源,Cleanliness of the inspection area,检验区清洁,No other chemical except alcohol,除酒精外没有其它化学品,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,30,Inspection Guideline,检验指南,Uncoil the fiber carefully,小心的展开需检验光纤,Do not let the fiber spring-free from the coil.,不要象拉弹簧那样拉出光纤,Use the bare fingers on one hand to perform the touch-test,用一只手的裸手指进行触摸测试,DO NOT RUB FINGERNAILS ALONG THE FIBER,不能用指甲顺着光纤擦,Observe the fiber under the magnifying aid,在放大器下观察光纤,DO NOT twist the fiber,不要扭曲光纤,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,31,Inspection Guideline,检验指南,If contamination is observed and exceeds the acceptance criteria,cleaning may be attempted.,如果发现污物,超过接收标准,必须清洁光纤,After successful cleaning,re-inspect the“cleaned”length of fiber,清洁干净之后,对光纤被清洁的那一部分重新检验.,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,32,It is important to understand that:Fiber is Glass,and cannot be treated like electrical wire.,应该意识到光纤是玻璃，不能象对待电线一样对待光纤,Glass fiber is very fragile,and easy be broken!,玻璃光纤非常脆弱，易断，例如以下情况：,Fiber Strength,光纤强度,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,33,Tape fiber,用胶带贴光纤,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,34,Level III,Too much RTV or cured Epoxy,胶,Solder,焊头,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,35,你可以怎样操作光纤,?,B.,折断它,?,C.,敲打它,?,D.,拉伸,?,E.,接触,?,A.,将它弯曲?,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,36,Wear safety glasses at all,time during handling fiber,操作光纤时戴安全保护眼镜,Wear Cots or Gloves,戴指套或手套,No finger ring,不许戴手饰,光纤碎片剪到指定容器内,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,37,轻轻并小心的触摸,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,38,在操作过程中避免光纤掉到地上,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,39,不要用力的挤压,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,40,不要使劲地拉伸光纤,!,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,41,保持定期的修剪指甲。操作光纤时，记得戴上套。,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,42,光纤保护措施,拆、绕光纤时要小心，不要用力拉扯光纤,操作过程中注意身体不要将光纤压在下面,不要将光纤搭在有尖棱角的设备和台面上,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,43,指套目的：,Protect fingers from chemicals,保护手指不被化学物质伤害,Prevent finger oils from contaminating critical surfaces,防止手上油脂污染,A/R,镀膜，连接表面或其它关键面,Protect fingers from small fiber fragments.,保护手指不被光纤碎片弄伤,Prevent fingernails from damaging the fiber,防止指甲损伤光纤,Purpose of Gloves and Finger cots,戴手套,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,44,Touch test,触摸测试,However,some procedures,such as the touch test,require the fiber to be handled without gloves or cots.,然而，某些制程，如触摸测试，可能要求不戴手套和指套：,Requires better“feel”of the fiber,要求更好的”感觉”光纤,Not involve exposed critical surfaces,不牵涉到暴露的关键面,Not involve fiber cutting or cleaving,不涉及光纤切割或剥离,not involve fiber cleaning or other chemical,不涉及光纤清洁或化学品使用,Fingernails 1mm,指甲不超过1,MM,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理,45,Spliced fiber must be kept as straight as possible 66,熔接好的光纤熔接处要保持平直,The minimum bend radius which is to be tolerated in any Agilecom,process or product is 2.5cm(25mm)Agilecom,工艺或产品允许最小的弯曲半径是2.5厘米,Putting sharp bends in the fiber may cause unseen damage to it,过度弯曲会导致看不到的缺陷进一步损伤,Bending fiber 光纤弯曲,46,Fiber Twisting光纤扭曲,Fiber twisting can occur when a fiber is spun about its own axis or when braided with other fibers.Both cases put extreme shear and tensile stresses on the fiber and must be avoided.,当光纤被沿自己的轴线旋转或与其它光纤编在一起时产生光纤扭曲。此时产生剪切力和拉力，必须避免。,Operations requiring the fiber to twist shall be limited to a maximum of a half turn(180 degrees)over no less than 15cm of fiber.Complete revolutions of the fiber are not allowed,操作要求光纤扭曲在,15,厘米内小于,180,度。整圈的旋转不允许。,Allow no more than 1 complete fiber braid in any 10cm length.,10,厘米长度内允许不超过,1,个光纤编织,.,如果光纤的某部分弹出盘绕的圈,这意味着光纤有扭曲应力,47,Cable typically is coiled larger than the 9cm standard and is a function of the cable length in the coil.,光缆盘绕大多大于,9,厘米，是光缆长度的函数。,9cm,=9cm,光缆盘绕,48,Fiber Stripping 光纤剥皮,Hand strippers often cause microscopic surface damage which is undetectable at normal inspection magnifications.,手动光纤剥线钳容易产生微观表面损伤，这在普通的放大检查中大多看不到。,Simple mechanical stripping of 250um can only be used where the stripped fiber does not become part of the finished product.,简单的机械250,um,剥线只能用在当被剥的光纤不会成为成品的一部分时,49,Fiber Stripping 光纤剥皮,Thermal/mechanical stripping is becoming the standard.,加热/机械式剥线钳正成为标准的工具,But if they are poorly maintained,they can be bad as hand strippers,但是，如果维护不当，与手动钳一样不好,50,Tying Fiber光纤绑结,Tying fiber incorrectly can damage it,系结不当可能损伤光纤,Use Velcro ties for cables,用,Velcro,扣带绑光缆,Use silicone slit tube for 250um fiber,用开缝的硅树脂管绑250,um,光纤,Fiber ties must,NOT,impart any,DAMAGE,to the fiber,光纤的系带一定不能对光纤产生损伤,51,Spool Handling光纤卷轴,Spools stored vertically&no stacking.,绕线轴垂直贮存无叠放,Spools stored horizontally&stacked.,绕线轴水平贮存并叠放,52,Result of improper stacking.,不正确堆放的后果,Spools stored vertically&no stacking.,绕线轴垂直贮存并无叠放,Result of improper stacking.,不正确堆放的后果,Spool Handling光纤卷轴,53,Spool Handling光纤卷轴,Flange squeezing induces damage.,边缘压缩引起损伤,Proper grip method,正确的手抓方法,(,Corning Incorporated 2001.Reproduced with permision).,54,Fiber coils must be protected throughout the process.Proper transport trays shall be used which prevent physical impact on the coils,and the coils shall be properly segregated.,光纤盘绕在整个过程中必须被保护。为防止对光纤的物理影响应该使用运输盘，绕线应互相隔离。,Chaotic coil management.,混乱的绕线摆放,Organized coil management.,有序的绕线 摆放,光纤摆放,55,Always keep your hands,tools,equipment clean,始终保持你的手、工具、设备洁,Always keep work area clean and organized,始终保持工作区域清洁有序,Remember to wear finger cots at all times when handling bare fiber,要记得始终戴上手指套,KEEP IT CLEAN,保持清洁,Always make sure the optical cable,tools,equipment and work,area are dry before proceeding with any handling.,在进行任何操作前总是要确保光缆，工具，设备和工作区域的干燥,KEEP IT DRY,保持干燥,Fiber Cleaning Guidelines,光纤清洁准则,56,Cut one 2-ply sheet of,Absorbond,4”x4”tissue into pieces of approximately 1”x2”.,双层,4”X4”,的吸水棉纸剪成大约,1”x2”(2.5cm X 5cm),Store the pieces of tissue in a closed container right after they have been cut,and dont take them out until you are ready to use them.This will prevent contamination.,剪完之后立即将棉纸储存在封闭的容器内，准备使用时才拿出来以防玷污。,Preparing and storing the cleaning material,清洁材料的准备和储存,57,Stripped fiber storage:Wherever possible,fiber must only be stripped immediately before assembly to reduce the risk of damage.This is because the stripped fiber is easily damaged or contaminated.,剥过的光纤的贮存：可能时，光纤必须在剥皮后马上组装以减少受损机会。因为剥过的光纤很容易被损伤或污染。,Particles falling on the stripped fiber will scratch the glass during cleaning or ferrule insertion.This will seriously reduce the fiber strength and potentially cause a field failure of the device.So never assume that cleaning the fiber is an alternative to proper storage.,落在裸光纤上的尘粒会在清洁或套装过程中划伤玻璃。这会严重地减小光纤的强度并可能引起器件的应用失效。因此永远不要认为清洁光纤可以代替正确的贮存。,Preparing and storing the cleaning material,清洁材料的准备和储存,58,Gloved fingers being contacting stripped fiber.,带手套的手指碰到剥过的光纤,Clean lint free cloth with ethanol.2 wipes maximum.Rotate fiber 90 degrees between wipes.Always use new portion of the cloth for each wipe.Discard cloth after each strip.,用蘸酒精的无尘布清洁。最多擦,2,次。在擦拭中旋转光纤,90,度。总是使用擦拭布的新的部分。每次擦拭后扔掉擦拭。,Cleaning optical fiber,清洁光纤,59,Cleaning optical fiber,清洁光纤,Do not squeeze the fiber between your fingers!,不要在手指之间挤压光纤,Avoid squeezing or pinching the fiber with your hands,or arms while holding it.,避免在拿持光纤时用手或者手臂挤压或者拉紧光纤,60,Applying a gentle pressure with your fingers,手指施加温和的压力,ONE DIRECTION ONLY,仅朝一个方向,A maximum of two swipes is allowed,最多允许擦两次,A new,clean tissue must be used each time,每次只能用新的清洁纸,Ultrasonic cleaning,用超声波清洗器洗,Cleaning Stripped Optical Fiber,清洁剥皮后的光纤,If the stripped fiber is part of the product,如果剥皮后的光纤会成为产品的一部分,61,If it is necessary to strip fiber ahead of time,then the stripped fibers must not be allowed to contact any surfaces(including other fibers)and must be stored in a nitrogen purged cabinet until needed.Trays with foam inserts capable of suspending the stripped portion of the fiber are one way of doing this.,如果必须提前剥光纤，剥过的光纤不能接触任何面（包括光纤）并贮存在充氮的容器里。能够悬挂光纤剥皮部分的带泡沫的盘子是此类方法之一。,Cleaning Stripped Optical Fiber,清洁剥皮后的光纤,62,Stripped Optical Fiber Storage,已剥皮光纤的存放,If the stripped fiber is part of the product,如果剥皮后的光纤会成为产品的一部分,Must be protected from all surface contact,保护光纤不与任何表面接触,If the fiber is not to be used immediately,it must be returned,to the nitrogen storage,如果光纤不会立即应用，必须放回氮容器内储存,Stripped fibers properly suspended,剥皮后的光纤适当悬空支撑,63,Stripped fibers abrading each other,剥皮光纤与其他光纤接触,Properly spaced stripped fibers.,适当地分隔开剥皮光纤,Stripped Optical Fiber Storage,已剥皮光纤的存放,64,Never leave stripped fiber unattended at a workstation.Always return it to the Nitrogen cabinet during breaks etc.,永远不要将剥过的光纤随意地放在工作台上。休息时总是将它放回充氮的容器里。,Stripped Optical Fiber Storage,已剥皮光纤的存放,65,To avoid damage to the fiber.,为避免损伤光纤,Fiber handling series-Generic Guidelines,光纤操作系列,The six rules for fiber handling,光纤保护的六条准则,66,Tools that require calibration must be calibrated and,maintained on regular basis,需调校的工具必须调校并定期检修,Always check the calibration dates on a tool before using it,to make sure its still valid,使用前检查工具是否在调校有效期内,Clean the tool after every strip,每次剥光纤后清洁工具,Rule 1:Use the correct tools and equipment,and use them properly,适当使用恰当的工具设备,好习惯！,67,Rule 2:Create a Tool Free Zone in which all tools and other objects are keep away from the fiber,创造“无工具区”,Keep tools away from the fiber,even ones youre using currently,工具远离光纤放置,68,Rule 3:Avoid causing damage to the jacket and buffer,避免损伤保护层,Do not place any objects on top of fiber,不要把任何东西压在光纤上,Do not allow the fiber get caught on equipment,不要钩挂到设备上,69,Rule 4:Control the fiber on the work station at all time;handle the fiber gently,轻拿光纤，将光纤控制在工作台内,Control the fiber as you gently let it uncoil,轻轻地打开光纤圈控制好不要弄乱,Do not allow the fiber to rest on the floor or over the bench,不允许光纤搁在地上或挂在桌边,70,Rule 5:Coil the fiber carefully in loops with a standard tool,使用标准工具将光纤轻轻的地绕圈,71,Rule 6:Avoid all fiber contamination,避免污染光纤,Keep the work surface clean from chemicals,保持工作台清洁，没有有害化学品,No labels,tape get on fiber that will be sent to the customer,寄给客户的光纤上不能贴标签和胶带,72,REVIEW,回顾,Basic Fiber Construction,基本光纤知识,Common Type of Defects,常见缺陷类型,Handling Fiber Safely,光纤的安全处理事项,Bending fiber,光纤弯曲,Fiber twisting,光纤扭曲,Tying Fiber,光纤绑结,Spool Handling,光纤卷轴,Fiber Cleaning Guidelines,光纤清洁准则,Stripped Optical Fiber Storage,已剥皮光纤的存放,Six important rules,光纤保护的六条准则,73,Conclusion,The Quality of TYKO products depends on good fiber handling practices,泰科微的产品质量依靠你良好的光纤操作实践,Taking time to manage the fiber will increase the quality of our products.This will keep our customers happy and keep them buying from us.,花些时间小心处理好光纤提高产品质量，客户满意，公司才能生存和发展,Thank You!,74,