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英语时态结构,标志词总结
英语时态结构,标志词总结
⑴、一般现在时
结构:主+be(am/is/are)+其她/ 主+实义动词+其她/ 主+情态动词+动原+其她
标志词:often, always, usually, sometimes , every week (day/year/month…), once a week, on Sundays, on weekdays,from time to time
⑵、一般将来时
结构:主+will/shall+其她/主+be going to +其她/主+be+动-ing+其她…
标志词:tomorrow,in the future, next week , next Sunday,the day after tomorrow,in+ 一段时间,soon,from now on
⑶、一般过去时
结构:主+be(was/ were)+其她/ 主+动词过去式+其她/
标志词:一段时间+ago,yesterday, in 1945,at that time,once,during the war,before,in the past , the day before yesterday, last week(year/ night/ month…), just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,this morning,a moment ago
⑷、现在完成时
结构:主+have/has+动词过去分词+其她
标志词:ever, never, since, already, yet, just, before, twice, once ,three times, at the moment, at present/for+时间段;since+时间点/常见得副词:lately,recently,up to now, till now,so far, these days,in the past few years(months/weeks/days)
⑸、现在进行时
结构:主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其她
标志词:now,at the moment !at this time ,these days ,Look!Listen!
⑹、过去进行时
结构:主+be(was/ were)+动词现在分词+其她
标志词:at that moment, at this time of yesterday, at eight last night,at 8:00am yesterday,at this time last night ,at that time
⑺、过去完成时
结构:主+had+动词过去分词+其她
标志词:by the end of last year(term, month…),过去完成时常用在told,said,knew,heard等词后得宾语从句或间接引语中,这时从句中得动作发生在主句表示得过去得动作之前。
⑻、过去将来时
结构:主+would/should+其她/主+was/were going to +其她
标志词:the next day/morning/year,the following year/week/month
英语部分语法顺口溜
⑴、名词:
记住f(e)结尾得名词复数:(把f(e)变成v在加es)
妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌;
躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
“某国人”得单复数:
中日不变(Chinese、Japanese )
英法变(Englishman/Britishman→Englishmen/Britishmen 、Frenchman→Frenchmen)
其余s加后面(Australians、Germans、Russians、Americans、Indians、Italians、Koreans 、Canadians)
巧计名词单复数同形得:
中国人与日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿与鱼
Chinese 、Japanese、sheep、deer、fish
巧记以-o结尾加-es得词:
A、“两人两菜”(hero, negro, potato, tomato)
B、一句话 Negroes and heroes like to eat potatoes and tomatoes、
巧记不规则名词单变复:
男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠加虱婆。
man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice、
⑵、动词:
Be动词得用法:
我用am,您用are,is跟着她她它,凡就是复数都用are
感官使役动词“八字言”:
一感feel,
二听hear, listen to,
三让have, let, make,
四瞧see, look at, observe, watch
半帮助:help
(另外还有:notice ,taste ,smell)
感官使役动词用法:
感使动词真奇怪,to在句中像妖怪;主动句里to走开,被动句里to回来
用“不定式”与“动名词”造成得意义上得差别归为五点:
不定式 动名词
A)、某一具体行动 指一般得、经常得情况
B)、表示主语与宾语得动作 可能表示任何人得动作
C)、主动 被动
D)、未发生得事 已发生得事
E)、短暂得或可能进行得事 延续得或重复发生得事
接“不定式”作宾语得动词:(vt+to do)
三个希望两答应:hope,wish,want,agree,promise
两个要求莫拒绝:demand,ask,refuse
设法学会做决定:manage,learn,decide
不要假装在选择:petend,choose
要求跟“不定式”作宾补得动词:(vt+sb/sth +to do)
(1)劝教命请叫(advise, teach, order, command, ask, tell)
(2)允许又警告( allow, permit, warn)
(3)使役表意向(cause, let, have, make, lead, set, leave, get, wish, want, expect)
(4)知觉动词妙(feel, hear, watch, see, observe, notice)<省去to>
带双宾得动词:
“七给”,“一带”to不少, (vt、+sth直宾+to+sb间宾; vt+sb+sth)
(give给、pass递给、lend借给、write写给、show给…瞧、send寄给、hand交给)(bring带)
“买”“画”“制作”for来了。(vt、+sth直宾+for+sb间宾)
(buy、draw、make)
既跟动名词也跟不定式得动词:(vt+ doing /vt+to do)
begin, start, continue, forget, remember, regret, intend, like, love, hate, try, mean
只能接“动名词”作宾语得动词:(vt+ doing)
值得、想象、莫回避,建议、坚持别放弃
不禁、完成、莫推迟,喜爱、练习不介意
错过、考虑、介词to,后接动词加-ing
动词:mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,permit,appreciate,consider,miss,dislike,keep(on),avoid,permit,imagine,risk,escape,admit,stand(忍受),allow,forbid,excuse
短语:give up,put off,look forward to,feel like,insist on,object to,prevent…from,set about,can't help,be/get used to,be worth doing,be no good doing,be no use doing,be busy doing ,pay attention to
加-ing要双写得常见动词:
一m(swim)
两d与g(nod, rid) (dig, beg)
三n(run, win, begin)
四p(dip, drop, mop, stop),
十t(sit, hit, fit, set, get, bet, put, regret, forget, pat)
(下加线得词,构成过去式、过去分词时,也须双写尾字母)
只能接不定式做宾语如:(v+to do)
help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect,long,(happen,seem)
⑶、数词:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,
一二三特殊记,结尾字母t/d/d,
八减t,九减e,f代ve,
几加几要注意,前为基数后为序
⑷、其她:
对划线部分提问得程序:
一代(用疑问词代替划线部分),
二移(把疑问词移至句首)
三倒(颠倒主谓语,但对主语或其定语提问时除外)
四抄(照抄其它部分)
some time与some times:
分开就是“一段”,相连就是“某时”
分开s就是“倍次”,相连s就是“有时”
巧计比较级不规则变化:
“坏”“病”两“多”与两“好”
一就是“远”来二就是“老”
“litter”就是少不就是小
⑸、a与an得用法:
An hour ago, an honest man accepted an honorable task、
(一小时前,一位诚实得人接受了一项光荣得任务。)
In a university, a European and a one-eyed man walk along a one-way road with a usual tool、 This is a usual thing、
(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人与一个独眼龙拿着有用得工具沿着一条单行道行走,这就是件平常得事。)
在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母得读音就是以元音开头得,其余字母则就是以辅音3C2f18c。
、宾语从句得主语:一随主,二随宾,三不变。
e、g、(1)She said "I will go home 、"
改:She said that she would go home、(一随主)
(2)She said to me "You can go with me、"、
改She said to me that I could go with her、(二不变)
(3) She said to me "He will go home、"
改She said to me that he would go home、(三不变)
2、宾语从句中注意时态
1、若主语为一般过去时,则宾语从句得时态要变为过去得某一时态。
e、g、(1)He said "I wil go home、“
改 He said that he would go home、(一般将来时改为过去将来时)
(2)He said "I have had lunch、"
改 He said that he had had lunch、(现在完成时改为过去完成时)
(3)He said "I know a lot about the teacher、"
改He said that he knew a lot about the teacher、(一般现在时改为一般过去时)
(4)He said "I had lunch、"
He said that he had had lunch、(一般过去时改为过去完成时)
(5)He said "I am playing games"
改He said that he was playing games、(现在进行时改为过去进行时)
特殊He said "The earth goes around the sun、"
改 He said that the earth goes aroung the sun、(当直接引语中表示客观事实时,时态不受主句影响)
3、直接引语变间接引语时,要注意时间状语得改变。
said ‘I am listening to music now、"
改He said that he was listening to music then、(此句中now改为then)
后面不举例了,时间状语按下面改就对了
now=then
today=that day
tonight=that night
this morning\week=that morning\week
tomorrow=the following\next day
yesterday=the day before
last mouth =the month before
ago=before
here=there
(上面左为直接引语中得时间状语,右为间接引语得时间状语)
4、最后就是指示代词要变
this改为that
these改为those8sNmidr。
评论|40
2012-04-06 11:12nancy_575|三级
1一般过去:long long ago,before ,last year/month/week、、、,just now
2一般现在: every day/year /month、、,often,usurally,sometimes
3一般将来:will ,next year/month/ , one day
4过去进行:when /while 引导得状语从句中其主语一般用过去进行时,at six o'clock yesterday 、、、
5过去将来:多用于间接引语中,主句就是过去时,其从句相应得由will 变成would
6、过去完成:by,before,at,until等引导得过去时间状语句子
7现在进行:now , look, listen,at 、、、o'clock
8现在完成:just ,already,yet,resently,before,in the last /past few years,ever,never ,since,for7JqzKln。
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