公共英语三级阅读题和答案.doc

公共英语三级阅读题与答案
Students ｏf　Uniteｄ States hｉｓtｏrｙ,　seekiｎｇ tｏ　idenｔify thｅ ｃircuｍsｔａｎces ｔhat encoｕraｇed the　emeｒgenｃe ｏf femｉｎｉst mｏｖemeｎｔs, have ｔhorouｇhly　ｉnveｓｔｉgated　thｅ mid-nineteenth-cenｔury Ａmerican econｏｍｉｃ ａnｄ sｏｃｉal coｎdｉtiｏn　tｈａt affｅcｔed tｈe sｔａtus ｏf women、　Thｅse hiｓｔorians，　howevｅr, ｈave aｎａlyzeｄ less fuｌly the　developmｅnt　ｏf　sｐｅcifically　feminist ｉdeas and ａctｉvｉｔiｅs during the　ｓamｅ peｒiod、 Furｔhermoｒｅ,　tｈｅ idｅｏlｏgical origins ｏf feｍinｉsm iｎ ｔhe United State　hａve ｂeｅn oｂｓcured　becａｕｓe, eveｎ ｗhｅn hｉstorｉans ｄｉｄ taｋe into　accounｔ thｏse ｆｅmiｎｉst　iｄｅａｓ and　ａcｔivitｉｅs occurriｎｇ within　the　Ｕnｉted Stateｓ， tｈｅｙ failed tｏ　ｒecognize that　feminｉsm　wａs　then a trｕly interｎａtionａl ｍoｖemeｎt acｔuａllｙ cｅｎｔered　iｎ Ｅｕrｏｐe、 Ameｒicaｎ　feminiｓt aｃtivists ｗho　hａvｅ beeｎ deｓｃribeｄ as “soｌitａｒy” and “inｄivｉdual　theoｒiｓtｓ” ｗerｅ　in rｅaｌity ｃoｎnｅctｅd tｏ ａ　movemenｔ — utopian　socialism — whｉｃh　ｗas already pｏpｕｌaｒizing femｉnist idｅas in Europe durinｇ thｅ twｏ deｃaｄes　that ｃulmｉｎaｔeｄ in the ｆｉrsｔ　wｏmｅn’s ｒights coｎfｅｒｅncｅ held ａｔ Senecａ Fａｌls,　New Yorｋ, ｉn 18４８、 Thus, a ｐｌeｔe undｅrstanｄｉng　ｏf thｅ　ｏｒigiｎs　aｎd　develｏｐｍent oｆ niｎeteeｎth-ceｎｔｕｒy ｆｅminisｍ　in ｔhｅ Uｎiｔed Sｔates　requires　that thｅ ｇeographｉcal fｏcuｓ be ｗiｄened tｏ iｎcluｄe Eｕrope aｎd　that thｅ ｄetaｉled studｙ alｒeady ｍade oｆ sociaｌ condｉtｉｏns be expaｎｄed　to　inｃlude tｈe　ｉdeoloｇical deｖeｌopｍenｔ ｏf　feｍiniｓm、
　　Ｔhe earliｅst　ａｎd moｓt popｕｌar　oｆ ｔｈe　utｏpian ｓｏciａlｉsｔs were　the Ｓaiｎt－Simonｉａｎs、　Thｅ ｓｐecificalｌｙ fｅmｉｎisｔ　paｒｔ of Sａint-Simonianism ｈas, ｈｏwｅｖｅｒ, been less stuｄied thaｎ the ｇrｏｕp’s contｒibutiｏn to early sｏciａｌism、 Tｈis is ｒegrettaｂｌe on　ｔｗo counｔs、 By 1832　feminｉsm was　the ｃentraｌ　coｎceｒｎ ｏf Ｓａｉnｔ-Sｉmoniaｎｉsm　and entirｅly　absｏrbed　ｉtｓ ａｄherents’ enｅrgｙ;　ｈｅncｅ,　bｙ ignoｒiｎg　iｔｓ　femｉnｉｓm，　Ｅurｏpｅan historｉans ｈave　misunｄerｓtood　Saint－Sｉmｏniaｎisｍ、 Mｏreover, sincｅ maｎy feminisｔ idｅａs　can　bｅ tｒaced to ｓainｔ-sｉmonianism Ｅｕropｅaｎ hｉｓtｏrｉａnｓ’ appreciatｉoｎ of　laｔｅr femiｎisｍ in France ａｎｄ tｈe Unｉted Ｓｔａtes　rｅｍained limited、
　　Ｓaint－Ｓiｍｏn’ｓ folｌoｗers， many　ｏf whom ｗｅrｅ ｗoｍｅｎ, based tｈeir ｆemｉｎism on ａｎ ｉnｔｅrpretation of ｈis　ｐrojｅｃt ｔo reｏｒgａnｉｚe thｅ　gloｂe by ｒeplaｃing　bｒute　force　with the rule of　sｐiriｔｕal　pｏwｅrs、　Tｈe neｗ　world orｄｅr wｏuld　bｅ ｒuｌｅｄ ｔｏgether ｂy a maｌe,　to　rｅpresｅnt ｒefleｃｔｉon， ａnd　a ｆｅmａｌe, ｔo　rｅpreｓｅnt seｎtimeｎｔ、 Ｔｈｉｓ plementａriｔy reｆleｃｔs tｈe ｆａct that,　while thｅ Saｉｎt-Simoniａnｓ did noｔ ｒeject the beliｅf tｈat there weｒe inｎate ｄｉffｅrｅnces bｅｔweｅn　men ａnd ｗoｍeｎ, they nｅｖerthelｅｓs fｏresaw an eｑｕalｌy impｏrtanｔ sｏcial　aｎｄ　poliｔical roｌｅ for ｂotｈ sｅxｅs in ｔｈeir utoｐia、
　 Ｏnlｙ a　few Ｓaｉｎt-Sｉmoniａnｓ　oppoｓed a defiｎｉtion of ｓexual ｅqｕalｉｔy bａsed on ｇeｎｄer　dｉstｉnｃtion、 Tｈis miｎｏriｔｙ belieｖe　ｔhaｔ ｉndｉviduaｌs ｏｆ bｏｔｈ sexeｓ　were boｒn siｍiｌaｒ ｉn capacitｙ　anｄ cｈaracｔｅｒ, and　theｙ　ascribed mａle－female ｄiffereｎces to sｏciａliｚaｔion aｎｄ eｄucatioｎ、 Tｈe envisioｎed result of both ｃurｒeｎｔs of　thoｕｇht, hoｗever, wａs thaｔ　ｗomen ｗｏｕld eｎｔer　pubｌic　life　in tｈｅ　new aｇe ａnd thaｔ　sexual eqｕalｉty wｏuld rewaｒd ｍeｎ　as　weｌl　as ｗomen with　an ｉmproved way ｏｆ ｌife、ﻫ 　1、　It　ｃan　bｅ inｆｅrred ｔhａt　the auｔhoｒ consider　tｈosｅ hｉstorians　who dｅscribｅ earｌy fｅministｓ in tｈe Ｕnited Sｔaｔes as “solitａry” to ｂe
　 [A］ iｎｓuｆfｉciｅntｌy ｆａmilｉar ｗｉtｈ the inｔernationａl origiｎs of ninetｅｅnth－century Ａmerican feminist　thougｈt、ﻫ　　[B]　overlｙ concｅrnｅｄ ｗｉth tｈe　rｅgionaｌ dｉｖersｉty oｆ feminist idｅas in ｔhe ｐeｒiｏd ｂefore 1８48、
　　[Ｃ] not focused　narrowly ｅｎoｕgh　in ｔｈｅir geogrａphｉcａl scoｐe、ﻫ 　[D] insuffｉcｉentlｙ　aware of ｔhe ideｏlｏｇiｃａl coｎsequenｃｅs　of the Ｓeneｃa　Fａlｌs confｅreｎce、
　2、 The aｕthor’s atｔituｄe tｏward Europｅan ｈistｏriａns whｏ hａｖｅ stuｄiｅd the Saｉnt-Ｓｉｍonians iｓ ｐｒｉmarilｙ one of
[A］ aｐｐｒｏvaｌ oｆ　ｔhｅ sｐeciｆic　focus　of ｔheir researcｈ、
　 [Ｂ] disapprovａl of　their ｌａck of ａｔteｎtｉｏn tｏ the isｓue　tｈaｔ ａbsorbed mosｔ　of the Sａint-Simoniaｎs’　ｅneｒgｙ after 1８32、
　　［Ｃ] aｐpｒoval of their general fｏcus on social coｎditioｎs、ﻫ 　[Ｄ] ｄiｓaｐproｖal ｏf　ｔheir lack　of atｔenｔｉoｎ ｔo　linｋs betｗeen the Saint-Simonianｓ anｄ theｉr Ａmeｒican cｏuntｅrｐartｓ、ﻫ 3、 Ｔhe aｕthor　mｅｎtions　all of　tｈｅ folloｗing as cｈａracteｒistic oｆ the　Saint－Simｏｎiaｎｓ　EXCEPTﻫ [A] The grｏup iｎｃludｅd ｍany wｏmen amonｇ ｉts　members、
　 [B] The group belieｖeｄ　in　a ｗorld　ｔhat ｗoｕｌd be chaｒａｃterｉzed by ｓｅxual ｅqｕaｌｉtｙ、
　[Ｃ］　Thｅ ｇroup was　ａｍoｎg ｔhe earlｉesｔ　Ｅuｒopeaｎ ｓｏcｉalｉst gｒoｕｐs、ﻫ 　[D]　Most meｍbers beliｅvｅd ｔhaｔ womｅn aｎｄ　men were inherently simｉlar iｎ abilｉtｙ and character、ﻫ　　4、 It ｃａn ｂｅ infeｒred　ｆrｏm the text tｈat　thｅ Sａint－Siｍonｉans envｉｓioned a utopian　ｓocietｙ　ｈaviｎg whiｃｈ　of ｔhe followｉng charaｃteｒisticｓ?ﻫ　　[A]　Iｔ　woｕlｄ be worldwide、
［Ｂ] It woulｄ empｈaｓize ｄogmaｔic relｉｇｉous prinｃiples、ﻫ　 [C］　Ｉt ｗould ｍｏst influeｎce the Unｉted　Staｔes、
　　[D] Iｔ woｕld haｖe arｍies posed ｏｆ wｏmｅn ratｈer thａn of　ｍeｎ、ﻫ 　5、 Ａcｃoｒdｉng to　the ｔｅxｔ, which of　ｔｈe ｆollｏwing　wｏuｌd be tｈｅ most aｃcuraｔe dｅsｃrｉption　of the ｓoｃieｔy　envisioneｄ ｂy mｏst Sａiｎt-Siｍoｎiaｎｓ?
　 [A］ A　soｃiety in　wｈich ｗｏmen　were highｌy regarded for ｔheir ｅxｔensive eｄuｃaｔiｏn、
　 ［B] A socieｔｙ　in ｗhich ｔｈe twｏ geｎdeｒs　playeｄ pleｍentaｒy roles　ａnd had ｅqual ｓｔａtus、
　 [C] A ｓocｉｅty　ｉn which women did ｎot eｎtｅｒ　pｕblｉｃ　lifｅ、
[D] A　sｏｃial　ｏrdeｒ iｎ which ａ　boｄｙ oｆ men ａnd women wouｌd rulｅ　together on　the bａｓiｓ　of their sｐiriｔuaｌ poｗer、
１、　【答案】A
　　【考点解析】本题就是一道标点符号题。通过本题题干中得“sｏlitarｙ”一词可将本题得答案信息中心确定在第一段第十行即第一段第四句话,通过仔细阅读与理解本句话以及本句前后得两句话，可以得出本题得正确选项A。其实美国得女权主义运动者并不“孤单”(ｓolitary),因为她们得思想与行动就是与欧洲大陆得女权主义者有着千丝万缕得联系,就是国际女权运动得一部分。考生在解题时要善于理解标点符号，更要善于对原文得细节进行推导。ﻫ　 2、　【答案】Ｂ
　 【考点解析】本题就是一道细节推导题。根据本题题干中得“Eurｏpean　ｈistoriaｎs”可将本题得答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段第四句,通过阅读本句分号前后得内容,可以推导出作者得态度就是否定得,其否定原因就是第二段第四句分号前半部分所表达得内容。本题得正确答案应该就是B。考生在解题时一定要注意原文细节得推导,尤其就是分句之间存在因果关系得时候。
　　3、 【答案】Dﻫ　 【考点解析】这就是一道归纳推导题。但就是本题得题干确没有明确给出本题在原文中得准确信息来源。这时考生就会迷失答题思路。请同学们一定要记住:每当自己迷失答题思路时，一定要多想一想全文得中心主旨句与每段得主题句,这会帮助考生寻找到解题得思路。本题得正确答案应该就是D,因为选项D所表达得内容与本文尾段第一、二句所表达得内容相反。选项A、B、C得内容分别在第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解题时一定要牢记段落主题句。ﻫ 　4、 【答案】Aﻫ 【考点解析】这就是一道审题定位题。从本题题干中得“ｅｎvｉｓｉｏｎed”(设想,预想)一词可将本题得答案信息来源迅速确定在倒数第二段第一句与第二句,因为倒数第二段第一句含有“prｏject”(计划,规划)一词,倒数第二段第二句含有表示未来得“wouｌd”一词。通过仔细阅读倒数第二段得第一、二句话,发现这两句话都包含“ｇlobe”或“world”,可见本题得正确选项应该就是Ａ。考生在解题时一定要善于利用题干中得词语迅速而准确地进行审题定位。ﻫ 　5、 【答案】B
　【考点解析】这就是一道反推题。通过本题题干中得“moｓt　Sａinｔ-Siｍoniａnｓ”可将本题得答案信息来源迅速确定在尾段得第一句。根据尾段第一句进行反推即逆向思维,可得出本题得正确答案就是B。考生在解题时一定要时时牢记反推题型，并且经常利用自己得逆向思维能力
     　Cerｔaｉn　ａnimals ｈave　aｎ intuiｔive aｗareneｓｓ of quantitiｅs、　They know withouｔ analysis ｔhe difｆerｅnce ｂetweeｎ ａ numbｅr of obｊecｔs aｎds　a smalｌer number、　Ｉn his　book Tｈe Naturａl Ｈiｓｔory　of Ｓeｌbourne　（１７８6), the naturaliｓt Ｇilｂert　Whｉｔe　ｔeｌls how ｈe surreｐtitiously rｅmoveｄ ｏne ｅgg a day ｔｏ mａｋe　ｕｐ pｌover’s nｅst, and　how ｔｈｅ motheｒ　laid anｏtheｒ egg eacｈ day　ｔo maｋe　up foｒ the ｍissing ｏnｅ、 He noteｄ tｈat othｅr species oｆ birds　ignｏre thｅ absence of ａ sｉｎgle　eｇg　but ａbanｄoｎ thｅｉr nest ｉf ｍore than　one ｅgg has bｅen reｍovｅｄ、 Ｉt has　also been ｎotｅｄ by naturaｌist ｔｈaｔ ａ cerｔain　type oｆ wasp always pｒovｉdes fｉve-never fｏur, nｅver six-catｅrｐilｌars for　eaｃh　of thｅir ｅggs so that tｈeir　yｏung　have　somｅｔhｉｎg to　eat when tｈｅ egｇｓ ｈatch、 Rｅseａｒch hａs alsｏ　ｓｈｏｗn that both miｃe and piｇｅons ｃaｎ be tａught ｔｏ disｔiｎｇuisｈ betwｅen　odd ａnd even　nuｍbｅrs ｏｆ fｏod ｐiｅces、ﻫ　 Ｔｈese　and ｓimｉlａr aｃｃｏｕnts ｈavｅ leｄ sｏme　people to infer that crｅatｕrｅｓ otheｒ　ｔhａn human　ｃan actｕally coｕnt、　Tｈey aｌｓo　poinｔ tｏ　doｇs　ｔhat ｈaｖe ｂeen　taugｈｔ to ｒesponｄ to　nuｍerical questiｏｎs　ｗith thｅ ｃorｒect number oｆ barks,　or ｔo horses ｔｈat　ｓｅｅm to　sｏlvｅ ａriｔｈmetic ｐroｂleｍ by　stomｐｉｎg their hoｏves numｂer oｆ tｉｍes、ﻫ　 Animａls respond tｏ　ｑuａｎtiｔieｓ　only ｗhen tｈｅy　ａre　coｎnｅｃteｄ ｔｏ surviｖe　as a　speciｅs-as iｎ the ｃaｓe ｏf　ｔｈe eggs-ｏｒ　ｓuｒｖive　as iｎdｉvｉduaｌｓ -aｓ　in the　case　of fooｄ、 Ｔhｅre iｓ on　transfeｒ　to othｅr　situatｉons or frｏm　ｃｏncｒete reality　tｏ ｔhe ａbｓtracｔ　nｏtioｎ　of numbeｒs、 Animaｌs cａn　“count” onｌｙ ｗhen ｔhe obｊecｔs are pｒｅsｅnｔ　aｎd　only whｅｎ ｔhe ｎuｍbers　iｎｖｏlved are　sｍall-no ｍore tｈan seven or eｉｇht、 Ｉn　lab　eｘperｉments,　anｉｍalｓ traｉnｅｄ to couｎｔ ｏne ｋiｎｄ of　obｊect ｗerｅ uｎable to　ｃoｕnt any other ｔype、　Thｅ　oｂjeｃts, not　the numbｅｒｓ,　are　what ｉnｔereｓt them、 Ａnimaｌ’s adｍiｔｔeｄly ｒemaｒkable ａｃhievemeｎｔs sｉmplｙ do not　amount to evidenｃｅ ｏf counｔiｎｇ, ｎｏr dｏ thｅy　reｖeal morｅ ｔhan　innaｔe inｓtinct, reｆined ｂｙ ｔhe genｅｓ oｆ ｓｕcｃessive geneｒaｔｉons， oｒ ｔｈe resuｌtｓ of cｌever, cａrｅfｕｌ condiｔioniｎg by tｒaｉners、ﻫ 　1、
　　Wｈａt ｉs the ｍain　idea oｆ the pａssaｇe？
　　A、 Careｆｕl ｔraｉninｇ is rｅquｉrｅd　to teach ａniｍａｌs to pｅｒform ｔrｉcks involｖiｎg　nuｍｂｅｒs
　 Ｂ、 Anｉｍas　cannｏｔ cｏuｎｔ more than one ｋｉnd of ｏbjectﻫ　 C、　of　ａlｌ anｉｍaｌs, dｏgs and　ｈorses can coｕnｔ　ｂeｓｔﻫ D、 Aｌthｏuｇh sｏme aｎimals mａy be aｗａre of　quantities, they cａnnot　ａcｔｕalｌy ｃouｎｔ
　２、ﻫ　 Ｔhｅ ａuthor rｅfeｒs　to Ｇiｌberｔ’s　boｏｋ　in　ｐａｒａgraph 1 in order to_＿_、
　A、 show　hｏw　attitudes　have chaｎgeｄ sinｃe 1786ﻫ　 Ｂ、　Conｔｒａdicｔ tｈe idea thaｔ　aｎimaｌs cａｎ count、ﻫ　 C、 ｐrｏvｉde　ｅvidｅnce that ｓｏme ｂiｒds　are　awarｅ of ｑｕanｔｉｔiｅｓ、ﻫ 　D、 Ｉndｉcate　that　mｏrｅ　researcｈ ｉs ｎeedeｄ　in　ｔｈis ｆield、ﻫ　　3、
　　Tｈe wｏrd　“surreptｉｔｉｏusly” in ｌｉne　4　is　clｏsest iｎ meaｎinｇ ｔo ＿__、
　　A、 ｑuickｌyﻫ　　B、 sｅcrｅtｌyﻫ　 C、 occasionallｙ
　D、 stｕbboｒnlyﻫ ４、
The author mentions ｔhat ａll of the foｌloｗing　arｅ　ａware of quａntitｉes ｉｎ soｍe way ＥXCEpT＿__、ﻫ　　Ａ、　plｏversﻫ 　Ｂ、　ｍiｃeﻫ 　C、 caterpilｌarsﻫ D、 ｗaspsﻫ 　５、
　Ａccｏrding to　thｅ informatｉon in　the pａsｓaｇe， whｉch of tｈe followiｎg is ＬEAＳT lｉｋely tｏ ｏcｃuｒ as a result oｆ ａnimaｌ’s　iｎtｕiｔｉve awaｒeness of　qｕanｔitiｅs?ﻫ 　A、 A ｐigeｏn　ｉs mｏre aｔtｒａcteｄ by ａ　bｏｘ containiｎg　ｔwｏ piecｅs　of food ｔｈａn by ａ bｏx contaｉｎing one ｐiｅce、
　　B、　Wｈｅｎ　asked by its trainer　hoｗ olｄ it ｉｓ, a　moｎkey holｄs up　five fｉngｅｒｓ、
C、 Whｅｎ one ｏｆ iｔs　four kiｔｔens crawｌs aｗaｙ,　a ｍｏｔher caｔ mｉsses　it　ａｎd ｓeaｒｃhes ｆｏｒ tｈe missｉnｇ　ｋiｔtｅn、
D、　A liｏn follows oｎe ａnteｌoｐe　iｎstead ｏｆ　ａ hｅrd　ｏf aｎtelｏｐes　becausｅ ｉt ｉs　ｅａsieｒ to huｎt a　ｓinｇle　prey、
解析:ﻫ 1、Dﻫ　 文章中介绍了某些动物很惊人得数字能力。但就是无论怎样，她们对数字得感觉也只就是一种本能。ﻫ　　2、C
　作者举这个例子就是为了证明她所提出得某些动物能够认知某些东西得数量。
　　3、Ｂ
　根据上下文以及我们得常识,观察动物得习性就是需要很长时间,而且应该就是隐蔽得。ﻫ　　４、Cﻫ 　Ｉｔ hａs ａlso beｅn ｎｏted　ｂy naｔuralｉst ｔhaｔ a cｅrｔaｉn ｔype ｏf　waｓｐ　ａlｗaｙs proviｄes ｆive-nevｅｒ fｏur,　neｖer six-cａｔｅrｐillars for　ｅach　of tｈeiｒ eggs。
　 5、Bﻫ Wheｎ askｅd by　itｓ trainer hoｗ old iｔ is, a　moｎkｅy　holds ｕｐ fｉve fingers、无论猴子得反应就是什么样子,都只就是一种反复训练之后得一种本能得反映。而不就是真正得说出她得年龄、
      The ｍａｊorｉｔｙ oｆ　ｓｕccessfuｌ seｎior mａnaｇｅrs dｏ not clｏseｌｙ ｆｏｌloｗ ｔhe　ｃlassical rational ｍodeｌ of fiｒｓｔ　claｒiｆｙinｇ ｇoaｌｓ, asｓｅsｓing　ｔhe probｌem, formulａｔｉng　oｐtioｎs,　eｓtｉmatｉng liｋelｉhoods of　ｓｕｃcｅss, ｍａkinｇ a decｉsｉoｎ, and ｏnly　tｈeｎ　tａkiｎg　aｃtion to iｍｐlｅｍent the dｅciｓion、 Rａｔhｅr, iｎ ｔheiｒ　day-ｂｙ-daｙ　tacticaｌ mａneuvers,　tｈｅｓe　senior　ｅxecｕtiveｓ ｒely oｎ wｈat　is　ｖaguely　ｔeｒmed “intｕition” ｔo　manａｇe　a networｋ　of iｎterｒelated proｂｌems that rｅqｕire them　tｏ deal witｈ　aｍbｉguｉtｙ, iｎconsｉstenｃy， novｅlty,　aｎd surｐriｓe； ａnｄ to inｔegrate actiｏn　ｉnto the prｏcｅss　of thinkｉnｇ、ﻫ 　Genｅｒations　oｆ　writeｒs on mａnagemｅnｔ ｈａvｅ ｒeｃognｉｚed　tｈat　some prａcｔｉcｉnｇ ｍａｎagerｓ　ｒely　hｅavily on intuitiｏｎ、　Ｉn general, hｏｗever, such ｗritｅrs display a　poｏr grasp ｏf　whａt ｉntｕition is、 Some　seｅ ｉｔ as　tｈe opｐosite of rationalitｙ; oｔhers　vｉeｗ ｉt as ａn　eｘcuse foｒ　caprｉcｉouｓnｅss、
　 Isｅｎberg’ｓ ｒecｅｎt　research　ｏn the　cognitive procesｓｅｓ of seniｏr manaｇers revｅalｓ　that managers’ intｕiｔｉoｎ iｓ　nｅithｅr　of　ｔhesｅ、 Ｒａtheｒ, seniｏr　ｍaｎagerｓ use　ｉｎtuitiｏn　ｉｎ at least five ｄisｔｉncｔ　ｗays、 First, tｈey　ｉntｕitiｖelｙ sensｅ when a problｅm exiｓts、 Ｓecond, manａgerｓ reｌy on intuiｔiｏn to peｒｆorm ｗelｌ－ｌearｎeｄ behaｖｉoｒ　pａtterns　raｐidly、 This intuiｔioｎ iｓ not　arbitrary　ｏr　iｒratｉonaｌ, but is ｂased ｏｎ yeaｒｓ oｆ pａｉｎstaking prａcticｅ aｎd ｈands-on　expｅriencｅ　that bｕilｄ　skillｓ、 A　ｔｈird functiｏn of　intuｉtion is to sｙｎtｈｅsizｅ　isoｌateｄ bｉtｓ of data and　ｐractｉｃe into an integrated ｐicｔure, ofteｎ ｉn ａn “Aｈa！”　ｅxperiｅnce、 Fｏurtｈ, some　ｍanａgers　use　ｉntuitioｎ　ａs　a ｃhｅｃk on tｈe rｅsｕlts of　ｍorｅ rational analyｓiｓ、 Mｏst senｉor　executiｖes are faｍiliar　wiｔh　thｅ formal deｃｉsiｏn analysis models　and ｔｏols, anｄ　those who use　such ｓｙstematiｃ meｔhｏdｓ foｒ ｒｅaｃhing　deｃiｓiｏnｓ are occaｓｉｏnallｙ leery of solｕtions ｓuggｅsｔed bｙ ｔheｓe　meｔhods whｉｃh　run　ｃｏunteｒ to ｔheiｒ ｓenｓe ｏf tｈｅ cｏｒrect　coｕrse　of actiｏn、 Fiｎａlｌｙ, ｍaｎagerｓ　can use　intuition ｔo bypass iｎ-depｔh ａnaｌysiｓ anｄ moｖe rapidly　to enｇeｎder a　plausｉbｌe soｌｕtioｎ、　Used in ｔhｉｓ　ｗay， inｔｕition ｉs an aｌmost ｉnｓｔantａneous ｃogｎitive　ｐｒocess　in which a manａｇｅr rｅcoｇniｚes　fａmiliａr patｔerns、ﻫ 　One oｆ ｔhｅ imｐｌicａtｉonｓ oｆ ｔhe iｎtuitive ｓtyle of ｅｘecuｔive mａnａｇement is　thａt “thinking”　ｉs　insepaｒabｌe froｍ acting、 Ｓincｅ managｅｒｓ　often　“kｎow” what ｉｓ rｉｇhｔ bｅｆｏｒe ｔｈｅy caｎ aｎalyｚｅ　and eｘplaｉn ｉt， ｔhey fｒequently　acｔ　ｆiｒsｔ and explain laｔｅｒ、 Anａｌｙsis is inextｒicaｂｌy tied　tｏ action ｉｎ thinkｉng/ａctiｎg ｃyclｅs, in ｗhiｃh ｍａnagｅrs develop ｔhouｇｈts ａｂout theｉｒ pａniｅs　and ｏrgａnｉzatioｎs　nｏｔ bｙ aｎａlyｚｉｎg　ａ pｒｏblematic　situaｔiｏn and ｔhen　acting, buｔ ｂｙ acting and　anａlyzｉnｇ ｉｎ cｌosｅ concerｔ、
　　Ｇivｅn　the　gｒeａt ｕｎcertａiｎｔy oｆ　ｍａny　ｏｆ the mａｎaｇｅmeｎｔ issueｓ that ｔｈｅｙ faｃe, seｎｉｏｒ ｍanagers oｆten insｔiｇａte a coｕrse ｏf action　simply tｏ ｌｅarn more aｂｏｕｔ　aｎ ｉssue、 Tｈｅy tｈｅn ｕsｅ thｅ ｒesuｌｔs of tｈｅ aｃtion to deveｌop　ａ mｏre pｌetｅ understanding　of　the issuｅ、 One ｉmplication of thinkinｇ／ａcｔing cycles ｉs thａt aｃtion is ｏｆｔeｎ parｔ ｏｆ deｆｉｎing thｅ proｂlｅm,　not just of　impleｍeｎtｉｎｇ　tｈe ｓoｌution、ﻫ 　1、 Accordｉng　ｔo　ｔhｅ text,　ｓenｉor ｍａnagｅｒs ｕse iｎｔｕｉtioｎ in ａll of ｔhe ｆoｌlｏwiｎg ｗays EXＣEPT　tｏﻫ　 ［A］　speed ｕp of ｔｈe crｅａtion ｏf　ａ soｌｕtｉon to　a probｌem、ﻫ　　［B］ ｉdeｎｔiｆy ａ ｐrｏｂlｅm、ﻫ 　[C]　briｎg ｔoｇeｔheｒ　dｉsparａｔｅ ｆａcts、ﻫ [D] sｔｉpulatｅ clear goａls、
　　2、 The text sugｇests which of the folｌowing　abｏｕt　tｈｅ　“writerｓ on management” ｍｅｎtioned iｎ lｉne 1, pａｒagrａpｈ　2?ﻫ　　[A] Tｈey　haｖｅ　criticｉzed manageｒs fｏr not follｏwing　the　clasｓicaｌ rａtｉonaｌ ｍoｄel of deciｓion ａnalysis、
　[B] They　havｅ ｎot bａsｅd　their ａnalyｓeｓ ｏn　ａ ｓufｆiciently large sａｍｐlｅ ｏf actual　ｍａｎageｒｓ、ﻫ 　[Ｃ] They　hａve rｅlied　in　drawｉng　tｈeir　coｎｃlusｉons oｎ what　ｍanagers say rathｅr tｈａn on wｈat manaｇers ｄo、ﻫ　 ［D］　Ｔhey hａve misｕnｄｅrｓtoｏd how ｍanagers use ｉnｔuition in　making busｉｎess decisｉons、ﻫ 3、　Iｔ ｃaｎ be inferｒｅｄ fｒom thｅ ｔｅxt thａt ｗｈｉｃｈ of tｈe　following wｏuld most probａbly　be　ｏne major difference in ｂehａｖioｒ ｂetweeｎ Manager　X, wｈo useｓ ｉntuitiｏn to　rｅａcｈ　ｄeciｓｉons，　and Mａnａger　Y， who　uses oｎlｙ forｍａｌ deｃisiｏn anａlyｓiｓ？
［A] Ｍａnaｇeｒ　X analyzeｓ ｆｉｒsｔ and ｔhen acts； Maｎager Y does not、ﻫ　 [B] Manaｇer X　checｋs　possible sｏlutionｓ to a pｒｏblem　ｂy systematic analysis;　Mａnagｅr Ｙ does nｏt、ﻫ 　[C]　Ｍaｎagｅr X takes ａｃtion in order to　arrｉve at tｈe　solutioｎ tｏ ａ proｂlem； Manager Y ｄoes not、
　　[D] Manaｇer　Y draws　on years of　hands－on　experieｎce ｉn crｅatiｎg a solution to　a proｂlem; Maｎager　X doeｓ not、ﻫ 　4、 The ｔext proviｄes　suｐpoｒｔ　ｆｏr wｈｉｃh ｏf thｅ　followｉng sｔatｅｍents?
［A]　Mａｎagers who rely ｏn　ｉntuｉｔion ａｒe ｍoｒe ｓｕccessfｕl　than thosｅ　ｗｈo　reｌy on formaｌ　decｉsｉｏn aｎaｌysis、
　　[B]　Mａnaｇeｒs cannｏｔ ｊusｔifｙ ｔheir inｔuｉtｉｖｅ decｉsions、
[Ｃ] Maｎaｇeｒｓ’ intｕiｔion wｏｒｋs ｃontrary tｏ theiｒ ratiｏｎal aｎｄ　anａlytｉcal　sｋiｌls、
　　[D] Ｉntuition　ｅnablｅs　manａｇeｒs to emploｙ thｅｉr practｉcal eｘperｉence morｅ ｅfficiently、ﻫ 5、　Ｗhich of　ｔｈe follｏｗiｎg best ｄeｓcribｅs　ｔhｅ orｇａnｉzatioｎ of tｈe ｆirst paｒａｇrapｈ ｏf tｈe text？
　　[A] An asseｒtiｏn is maｄe　and a sｐeｃific suppor