虚拟语气1.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,虚拟语气1,（一）if 引导的虚拟条件句,条件从句,虚拟条件从句的谓语形式,主句的谓语形式,与现在事实相反,过去式（be动词一律用were）,would/should/could/might+动词原形,与过去事实相反,Had done,would/should/could/might+have done,与将来事实相反,1.过去式,2.should do,3.were to do,would/should/could/might+动词原形,1.表示与现在事实相反,(1)如果他是你，他就不会做。,If he_you,he_do it.,(2)如果我有时间，我也会来。,If I _time,I _come,too.,were,would not,had,would,2.表示与过去事实相反,(1)如果你早问我，我就向你解释了。,If you_me,I _,it to you.,(2)如果他没来，我可能就有麻烦了。,If he _,I_in trouble.,had asked,would have explained,hadnt come,might have been,3.与将来事实相反,(1)如果明天下雨，我们的运动会就推迟。,If it _(rain)tomorrow,our sports meet,_(put off).,(2)明天我若去那儿，我将去看看他。,If I _(go)there tomorrow,I _,(visit)him.,(3)她明天若是赶不上火车，就可能后天回来。,If she _ (miss)the train tomorrow,she_the day after tomorrow.,would visit,should rain,would be put off,went,were to miss,might come back,练习：,1.If Mary were at home,she_(answer).,2.If I had not seen it with my own eyes,I_,_(not believe).,3.If there were nothing important,I_(go)to,the cinema with you next Sunday.,4.If I_(have)enough money with me now,I could,buy the dictionary.,5.If the manager_(be)in the office,I would have,seen him.,6.If I_(go)there tomorrow,I would see him.,7.If she had worked harder,she_,(succeed).,8.If I _(be)you,I would not go.,would not have,believed,would answer,would go,had,had been,went,would have succeeded,were,注意：(1)虚拟条件句中，如果有were,should或助动词,had,可以省略if，而把were,should,或had移,到主语之前形成倒装，仍然是相同含义的虚拟,条件句。,1.If I had worked hard,I would have surely succeeded.,_,I would have surely succeeded.,2.If it should happen,what would you do?,_,what would you do?,3.If I were you,I would go.,_,I would go.,Had I worked hard,Should it happen,were I you,(2)有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这时主句从句的时态要根据实际的时间来确定。,1.如果她当时听医生的话，她现在会好的。,If she _(follow)the doctors,advice,she _(be)quite all right now.,would be,had followed,2.如果你昨天问他，你就知道现在该怎么做了。,If you_(ask)him yesterday,you _,_what to do now.,had asked,would,know,(3)含蓄虚拟语气结构：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句,表达出来，把虚拟条件隐含在某些介词短语,（如：without,but for（要不是因为）,otherwise等）或上下文里，这时主句仍要,用相应的虚拟结构。,1.But for your advice（=If you hadnt given me,advice），I would have failed.,如果不是你的建议，我当时会失败的。,2.Without your help(=If you hadnt helped us),we,couldnt have finished the work on time.,没有你的帮助，我们无法按时完成这个工作。,二wish后的宾语从句,与现在事实相反,过去式，be动词用were,与过去事实相反,had done,与将来事实相反,would/could do,与现在事实相反：,我希望全年是春天。,I wish it_(be)spring all the year,round.,与将来事实相反：,我希望你和我们一起去。,I wish you_(go)with us.,与过去事实相反：,我多么希望我过去多学一些呀。,I wish I_(learn)more.,were,could go,had learned,练习：,had seen,had,hadnt left,were,hadnt told,1.I wish I_(see)you yesterday.,2.Have you ever been to Beijing?,No,but I wish I_(have).,3.I left very early last night,but I wish,I_(not leave)so early.,4.I wish I_(be)as handsome as he is.,5.I wish I_(not tell)him that,day.,三、在advice,demand,idea,order,plan,request,suggestion,proposal等表示要求、建议、命,令等意义的名词后接表语从句或同位语从句,时，谓语动词用should do，should可,以省略。,1.他的意见是我们应该讨论这个报告。,His idea is that we_(,discuss),the report.,should discuss,2.有命令传来马上派这些医生去那儿。,There is an order that the doctors_,_(send)there at once.,（should）be,sent,另外：动词insist,suggest,order,propose,demand，,desire等后面接宾语从句，表示建议、要求、欲,望时，谓语动词用should do，should可以,省略。,I insisted that,he_(change,)his,clothes.,should change,2.He suggest that we_(have)a rest.,should have,3.I demand that John,(should)go,there at once.,4.She desires that you,(should)come,at once.,四、It is/wasadj.（important,necessary,strange,imperative,advisable,better,surprising）等接从,句，谓语动词用should do，should可以省略。,1.有必要马上送他去医院。,It is necessary that he_(send),to hospital at once.,should be sent,2.很奇怪，没人帮助他竟然通过了考试。,It is strange that he_(pass)the,exam without any help.,should have passed,3.与别人用英语交谈是很重要的。,It is important that you_(talk with),others in English.,should talk with,五、It is/was a pity(a shame,a regret,no wonder,an,honour)等接从句词用should do，should可,以省略。,1.真遗憾，你开会迟到了。,Its a pity that you_(be late)for,the meeting.,2.与你在这里谈话真是荣幸。,Its an honor that I_(talk with)you,here.,should be late,talk with,六、It is/was+过去分词（suggested，ordered，,decided,required,advised,demanded,requested）,等接从句，谓语动词用should do，should可以,省略。,1.命令马上用飞机把药物送往那里。,It was ordered that the medicines_(send)there by plane.,be sent,2.决定运动会推迟到下周。,It was decided that the sports meet_ _(put off)until the next week.,(should)be,put off,七、在would rather 或would sooner 等表示“宁愿-”的,宾语从句中，与现在或将来事实相反谓语动词用过去,式，与过去事实相反用had done表示虚拟。,1.我宁愿你现在知道那件事。,I would rather you_(know)that now.,knew,2.我愿意他们喝咖啡。,I would rather they_(drink)the coffee.,drank,3.你愿意让我告诉他吗？,Would you sooner I_(tell)him?,told,八、It is(high)time that-“到-的时候了”从句谓语动,词用过去式表示虚拟。,1.是该我们上课的时候了。,It is time that we_(have)a class.,had,2.是该我接我小女儿的时间了。,It is time that I_(pick up)my little,daughter.,picked up,九、用于as if 或as though 引起的状语从句中用虚拟语,气，表示“好像”，形式和wish 宾语 从句中相同。,1.他讲英语就好像他是英国人似的。,He speaks English as if he_(be)an,Englishman.,were,2.你昨天那么说，就好像你参加了会议似的。,Yesterday you said so as if you _,(attend)the meeting.,had attended,十、用在in case,lest,for fear that引起的从句,中表示“以防，以免”，从句谓语动词常用,should do,他总是随身带雨衣，以防下雨。,He took his raincoat with him in case,it _(rain).,should rain,十一、should have done 过去应该做而未做到,shouldnt have done 过去不该做的事而做了,neednt have done 做了不必要做的事情,1.你犯了几个错误。你本该小心些的。,Youve made a few mistakes.You_ (be)a little bit more careful!,should have been,2.你本该小点声的。孩子当时正在睡觉。,You_(made)less noise.A baby was sleeping then.,should have made,3.你当时没必要告诉他，他已经知道了。,You_（tell)him.He has already known about it.,neednt have told,