人体运动学-肌肉动力学分析课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,*,人体运动学,-,功能性活动分析,kinesiology,application,in,functional,activities,周,晶,南方医科大学康复医学院,kinesiology,Purpose of studying clinical kinesiology,The purpose of studying,clinical kinesiology,is to understand the forces acting on the human body and to manipulate these forces in treatment procedures so that human performance may be improved and further injury may be prevented,了解动作,了解作用在人体的力量,优化运动效能,避免和预防运动损伤,Reference,Planes of Motion,Transverse,Plane,(YZ plane),Frontal,Plane,(XY,plane),Sagittal,Plane,(XZ,plane),Cardinal planes of motion,Naming Movements at Joints,Special cases,Thumb,Pronation/supination,Hip med/,lat,rotation with hip flexion,Kinematic chain,kinematic chain,：,a series of connected segment links,open kinematic chain motion,开链运动,the joint motion with the distal segment moves free in space,e.g.raising lower leg or throwing a ball,closed kinematic chain motion,闭链运动,the joint motion with the distal segment is fixed,e.g.standing up or squatting down,What kind of kinematic chain is performed as,chin-up(,引體向上,)?,one-legged squatting?,Basic Arthrokinematic Joint Motions,(1)rolling or rocking,(2)sliding or gliding,(3)spinning,Application of Human Motion Measure and Analysis System,使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的,人體動作量測分析系統,進階人體動作分析,-,人體動作分析模擬系統,人體動作分析系統之應用,步態分析,(gait analysis),平衡訓練,輔具科技,下背痛分析,運動器材,體育技術,使用動作量測分析系統的目的,了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性,運動學，動力學參數,設計,、,提升與評估人體運動,、,手工具,、,運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效,動作量測分析系統包含,動作量測分析系統,電子量角器,(electrogoniometer),力量感測器,(Loadcell),動,作擷取系統,(Vicon),測力板,(AMTI),肌電訊號,(EMG),加速規,(Accelerometer),資料收集盒,(Datalogger),電子量角器,(electrogoniometer),力量感測器,(Loadcell),力量感測器,(Loadcell),動作分析系統,1.,動,作擷取系統,(,Vicon,),Vicon 460,Ploygon,LFHD,LSHO,LUPA,STRN,CLAV,LELB,LFRA,LWRB,LASI,LWRA,LFIN,LTHI,LKNE,LTIB,RFHD,LANK,LTOE,LMT5,RTOE,RMT5,RANK,RTIB,RKNE,RTHI,RASI,RELB,RFRA,RWRB,RWRA,RSHO,RBHD,LBHD,C7,RBAK,T10,LPSI,RPSI,SACR,RFIN,LHEE,RHEE,2.,測力板,(AMTI),force,amplifier,transducer,A/D,PC,測力板,(CoP),x,y,F,3.,肌電訊號,(EMG),動作量測分析系統,電子量角器,(electrogoniometer),力量感測器,(Loadcell),動,作擷取系統,(Vicon),測力板,(AMTI),肌電訊號,(EMG),加速規,(Accelerometer),資料收集盒,(Datalogger),關節角度,外力,肢段空間位置,地面反作用力,肌電訊號,加速度,資料收集,人体功效学之人体模拟系统,20 cm,50.8 cm,42Kg,25Kg,25Kg,42Kg,10 cm,39 cm,动作分析的应用,Gait analysis,平衡訓練,h=,肩高,Bicycle analysis,Hip moment 1500N-mm,Knee moment 2400N-mm,Qudriceps,4500N,，,Biceps,femoris,1500N,Gluteus 3000N,Tibialis,anterior 2800N,Gastroneminus,1600N,more,Joy&Safety,more,Fun&Lark,for,Good,or,Bad,Treadmill,高爾夫,人体功效,改善對策,人因工程改善對策,使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎,outline,mobility,occupational and daily activities,Three,elements,the,first;,identifies the sequence of activities performed from the start to the completion of the activity,the second;,presents a description of the joint movements throughout the activity,the third;,distinguishes the muscles and how they function to produce the joint movements to successfully perform the activities,Mobility,Floor mobility,：,rolling,Rolling,Developmental,direction,：,nonsegmental,-segmental,Supine,to,prone,more,individual,variation,more,difficult,than,prone,to,supine,Supine to prone(Roll to the right),1.left,upper,extremity,reaching,to,the,right,Shoulder,flexion,anterior,deltoid,三角肌前侧,+of,pectoralis,major,胸大肌,Horizontal,adduction,水平位的内收,posterior deltoid(eccentric contraction,离心收缩,after passing the midline),Scapula protraction,肩胛骨前伸,Serratus,anterior,前锯肌,upper,&,lower,trapezius,斜方肌,Elbow,extension:,Triceps,肱三头肌,Forearm,pronation,前臂旋前,pronator,quadratus,&,pronator,teres,旋前方肌,旋前圆肌,Wrist,in,neutral,or,slight,extension,腕关节中立位,微微伸展,Extensors,carpi,radialis,longus,&,brevis,（桡侧腕伸肌）,+extensor,carpi,ulnaris,（尺侧腕伸肌）,Finger and thumb,extension,extensor,digitorum,指伸肌,Abduction:dorsal,interossei,背侧骨间肌,Rotator cuff,肩袖,muscles stabilize,head,of,the,humerus,during,arm,motion,Right,U/E,Shoulder,extension,肩关节伸展,+,scapular,retraction,肩胛骨后缩,+,forearm,in,midposition,前臂中立位,+wrist,and,finger,extension,手腕伸展,head,Neck,rotation,&,lateral,flexion,to,the,right,left,stemocleidomastoid,胸锁乳突肌,+,right,scalene,（斜角肌）,Flexion,increased,as,the,movement,proceeds,3.trunk,flexion,and,rotation,to,the,right,Flexion:,rectus,abdominus,腹直肌,Rotation+,lateral,rotation,right,internal,abdominal,oblique,腹内斜肌,+left,external,abdominal,oblique,腹外斜肌,4,.left,pelvis,Forward,rotation,+left,hip,flexion&,adduction,+left,knee,flexion(foot,pushing,off,the,floor),5.right lower limb in extension,6.weight bearing on right side of the body,7.weight shift to left arm(right arm move from beneath the body),right shoulder flexion+scapular upward rotation+,elbow extension+,forearm pronation+,wrist and hand extension to push into floor,Occupational and daily activities,Lifting tasks,Head,trunk,pelvis,are,maintained,in,midline,alignment,throughout,the,activity,Cocontraction,of,anterior,and,posterior,muscles,neck,flexors(SCM,scalenes,斜角肌,),v.s,.,extensors,erector,spinae,（竖棘肌）,v.s,.,abdominal,muscles,腹肌,transverse,abdominis,v.s,.,multifidus,pelvis,and,lumbar,spine,in,neutral,position,Torso,is,moved,by,hip,instead,of,trunk,motion,Preparation,phase,prior,to,lifting,test,the,object,to,be,lifted,to,get,an,idea,of,its,weight,establish,wide,base,of,support,and,standing,close,to,the,object,hip,abduction:,gluteus,medius,and,minimus,（臀中肌、臀小肌）,TFL,.,sartorius,（缝匠肌）,laterally,rotation(45),：,gluteus,maximus,(,臀大肌,),deep,lateral,rotators,sartorius,（缝匠肌）,Move into a squat,Spinal,position:,erector,spinae,(isometric,contraction),Lumber,stabilization:,abdominals,Hip,flexion(90):throughout,preparation,phase,gluteus,maximus,and,hamstrings(eccentric,contraction),further,flexes,to,move,torso,over,box,Knee,flexion:,quadriceps,(,eccentric,contraction),Ankle,dorsiflexion:,gastrocnemius,soleus(eccentric,contraction),control,tibia,moving,forward,over,the,foot,into,dorsiflexion,Reach,and,grasp,the,object,Shoulder,flexion,:,anterior,deltoid(,三角肌前部,),pectoralis,major,胸大肌,(,clavicular,portion,锁骨头,),midway,between,medial,and,lateral,rotation:,subscapularis,infraspinatus,冈下肌,teres,minor,anterior,deltoid,Elbow,extension:,contraction,of,triceps,and,elbow,flexors,(,brachialis,肱,brachioradialis,肱桡,biceps),Forearm,in,midposition,Hand,power,grasp,wrist,extension:functional,position,contraction,between,wrist,extensors,and,finger,flexors,fingers,and,thumb,full,extension,and,abduction-full,flexion,and,adduction(palmar,interossei,),thumb,flexion,and,abduction,:,flexor,policis,and,pollocis,adductor,Lifting,phase,U/E,set,to,accept,the,weight,isometric,contraction,of,muscles,activates,in,preparation,phase,Trunk,extension,H,ip,extension:,concentric,contraction,of,gluteus,maximus,and,hamstrings,abduction,lateral,rotation,Knee,extension,concentric,contraction,of,quadriceps,Household tasks:vacuuming,A,push-pull,activity,using,U/E,to,serve,as,the,delivery,of,L/E,forces,only,U/E,ipsilateral,(,身体同侧的,),to,front,leg,is,uesed,Tandem,stance:,one,leg,ahead,of,the,other,Procedure,weight,transfers,to,front,leg,(knee,flexion),&,pushing,off,from,back,leg-shoulder,flexion+elbow,extension,weight,pushed,(knee,extension),from,front,leg,to,back,leg-shoulder,extension,+elbow,flexion,Head,neck,and,trunk:,neutral,position,slight,rotation,to,the,right,(,in,this,illustration),erector,spinae,and,abdominal,trunk,extension,and,lumbar,stabilization,in,upright,Lt,external,abdominal,obiliques,+,Rt,internal,abdominal,obliques,Pelvis:,gluteus,medius,(both,legs,),maintain,a,level,pelvis,and,shift,weight,from,one,leg,to,the,other,L/E:,both,legs,are,in,abduction,&,lateral,rotation,Front,leg,hip,flexion;knee,flexion,ankle,plantarflexion,(,踝趾屈,),Back,leg,hip,extension;knee,extension;ankle,neutral,to,eversion,Knee:,Quadricpes,(,股四头肌,),in,all,phases,Pushing,forward,：,L/E,Hip,adductors,(,front,leg)contract,eccentrically,as,weight,moves,forward,abductors(back,leg),concentric,contraction:,move,hip,into,abduction(forward),hip,flexion:,Gluteus,maximus,(bag,leg)contracts,eccentrically,Ankle,dorsiflexion,gastrocnemius(front,leg),contracts,eccentrically,Elbow,extension:,triceps(front,hand),Pulling,back:,L/E,Hip,Adductors(front,leg),contract,concentrically,as,weight,moves,backward,Abductors(back,leg),eccentric,contraction:,adduct,hip,against,gravity,(backward),Ankle,plantarflexion,:,gastrocnemius,-,soleus,(back,leg),eversion:,peroneus,longus,and,brevis,(back,leg),assignments,Leg phases of cycling,Tennis service phases,Swim stroke,Soccer kick,Presentation,6,个组,每个小组,20min,动作分析,结合临床应用：包括如何避免运动损伤等,准备,PPT,及演示素材,小组讨论,