高中主谓一致非常适合上课用公开课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,22.The fact that so many people still smoke in public places,that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking,.,(,江苏卷）,A.suggest B.suggests,C.suggested D.suggesting,【解析】考察时态及主谓一致。句意：仍有许多人在公共场所抽烟，这个事实表明我们需要一场全国性运动来增强抽烟有害健康意识。,【,答案,】,B,第1页,35.All the scientific evidence,that increasing use of chemicals in farming,damaging our health,.,(,湖南卷）,A.show;are B.shows;are,C.show;is D.shows;is,【解析】句意：所有科学证据表明：农业方面越来越多使用化学物质正在损害着我们健康。主语是evidence“证据（不可数名词）”，因此谓语动词应用单数式shows，宾语从句主语是use“使用（不可数名词）”，因此要用is。,【,答案,】,D,第2页,主谓一致,AGREEMENT,第3页,Useful structures,语法详解：,所谓主谓一致是指,主语,和,谓语动词,之间,即主语人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应形式。,第4页,The boy,_ diving.,They,_ diving.,Both,Jack,and,Tim,_ diving.,All of,them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor,Tim,_ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,第5页,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both,Mike,and,Bob _,workers.,are,Neither,Mike,nor,Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither,of,them _,(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,All of,them _ workers.,None of,them _,(know)how to teach English.,are,knows/know,第6页,主谓一致重要有如下几种状况：,1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语时候,谓语动词有如下两种状况：,(1)He and she _both students of this school.他和她都是这个学校学生。,假如指两个或两个以上不一样样人或事物时候,谓语动词用复数。,一、语法一致原则,are,第7页,(2)但假如连接两个以上名词指是同一种人或物,或者指同一概念时候,谓语要用单数。,第8页,The singer and dancer_,going to give us a performance.,那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们演出。,The knife and fork,_on the table.,刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,第9页,2.假如主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句时候,谓语动词一般用单数。,When he is ing _ very important.他什么时候要来看起来很重要。,Collecting stamps _ his hobby.,搜集邮票是他爱好。,To love her _ not to break her wings.,爱她就不该折断她自由翱翔翅膀。,seems,is,is,第10页,3.,定语从句关系代词,who,which,that,在从句中作主语时，要与先行词人称和数保持一致。,Those who_ singing may join us.,Tom,who _ your friend,should help you.,enjoy,is,第11页,4.with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 假如句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词数随主语变化而变化。例如：,The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.,老师和他学生们正在街道上植树。,is,第12页,Mr.Black,as well as two women,_,at the office.,is,Mr.Black,with,together with,along with,第13页,either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or,在句子中连接主语时候或者在,there be,句型中,谓语动词要和就近主语保持一致。,二、就近原则,Neither you nor,I _,wrong.,There _,a cup of tea,and some apples on the table.,am,is,第14页,Not only the students but also,the teacher _,for a holiday.,wishes,第15页,三、概念一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语语法形式,而是其实际意义。有主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。,第16页,1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视状况而定。,All of the apples _rotten.,所有苹果都烂了。,All of the apple _rotten.,整个苹果都烂了。,are,is,第17页,None of the money_ left.,没有剩余一点钱。,None of the students _ there.,没有学生在那里。,is,is,第18页,None 和 neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，重要依听说话人意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。,Neither,of,them _,(know)how to teach English.,None of,them _,(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,knows/know,第19页,第20页,2.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语时候,谓语动词与of背面名词保持一致。,第21页,Half of the students _finished their,position.,二分之一学生已经完毕了他们作文。,Half of the apple _bad.,二分之一苹果坏了。,About 60 percent of the students in our,school _boys.,我们学校,大概百分之六十学生是男生.,have,is,are,第22页,3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。重要由句子意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,第23页,His family _going out.,他们全家要外出。,His family _all music lovers.,他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。,is,are,第24页,4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。,The police _ searching for a thief.,The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.,are,are,第25页,5.复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词要用单数，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing。,Someone_ asking for you.,有人找你。,Nothing _ found in the room.,在屋子里什么也没找到。,is,is,第26页,6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,一般只用其复数形式,但当它们被a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:,The shoes _ worn out.,鞋子破了。,The pair of shoes _ worn out.,这双鞋破了。,are,is,第27页,名词如trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,scissors以及clothes,goods等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当此类词前有a/the pair of修饰时，谓动用单数。,第28页,某些名词以s结尾如maths,politics,physics,news,plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。,物理是一门很有趣学科。,Physics,is,a very interesting subject.,第29页,8.,every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.,在以上短语中,and,连接单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。,Each,man and,each,woman_ asked to attend.,is,第30页,班级中每个男孩女孩都很用功。,听不到任何声音。,Every boy and every girl,in the class,is,diligent.,No sound and no voice,is,heard.,第31页,9.,以,a number of,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,;,以,the number of,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。,A number of,new books_ on the desk.,The number of,students in you class _ 50.,are,is,第32页,10.有些名词单数和复数形式同样,作主语时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。,Not every means _ useful.,不是每种措施都好使。,Not all means _ useful.,不是所有措施都好使。,is,are,第33页,11.many a,more than one,one and a half与单数名词构成短语,谓语用单数。,Many a boy _ seen it.许多孩子都看到了。,12.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。,Thirty years _ not a long time.,Roots is a famous American novel.,has,is,第34页,1.this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语用单数;短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind of men 谓语用单数,men of this kind 和these kind of men 谓语用复数,all kinds of 后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。例如：,应当注意几种问题:,第35页,This kind of men _ dangerous.,Men of this kind _dangerous.,2.在主谓倒装句子中,谓语动词数应与其后主语一致。例如:,Between the two windows _ a picture.,is,are,hangs,第36页,3.“分数或百分数+名词”构成短语以及由“a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,a heap of,heaps of,half of+名词”构成短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 背面名词数保持一致,这是由于短语中背面名词是中心词,而短语中前面量词是修饰语。例如:,第37页,Lots of damage_ caused by fire.,About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.,Three-fifths of the workers here _women.,和这种状况类似尚有“a number of+名词复数”。不过,“the number of+名词”中心词却是number。试比较：,was,is,are,第38页,A number of students _,gone,to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.,The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.,have,is,第39页,注意,:,a(large)quantity of,修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用,单数。,A large quantity of people _ needed here.,is,第40页,quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:,Quantities of food(nuts)_ on the table.,短语in quantity,in large quantities 意为“大量”;in small quantities 意为“少许”。,were,第41页,4.a great deal of,a large amount of,修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数;large amounts of 修饰不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。例如:,第42页,A large amount of(A great deal of)damage _ done in a very short time.,Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.,was,were,第43页,5.表达数量one and a half 后,名词要用复数形式,不过其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：,One and a half bananas _ left on the table.,is,第44页,6.假如主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”构造担任时,谓语通常用复数;此类词有:the brave,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf and dub,the oppressed,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等;但也有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：,第45页,The blind _ in special school.,The departed(死者)_ a well-known engineer.,此类形容词或分词假如要表达个体时,就要与名词man,person 或表达人单数连用。例如:an old man,a rich person,the(a)wounded soldier.,study,was,第46页,主谓一致练习,第47页,1.Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.,A.play B.are playing,C.plays D.is playing,2.Thirty dollars _ too expensive.,A.are B.is C.were D.be,第48页,3.If anybody _,please put down _ name,said the teacher to the monitor.,A.wants to buy the book/his,B.want to buy the book/their,C.will buy the book/ones,D.wants to have the book bought/her,4.Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.,A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left,第49页,5.Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.,A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand,6.-Shall I wait here for three hours?,-Yes.Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.,A.are not very long for you,B.is not long enough for you,C.was not long enough for you,D.will be too long for you,第50页,7.Every student and every teacher _.,A.are going to attend the meeting,B.have attended the meeting,C.has attended the meeting,D.is attended the meeting,8.This pair of shoes _.,A.is her B.is hers,C.are hers D.are her,第51页,9.What we need _good textbooks.,A.is B.are C.have D.has,第52页,10._ has been done.,A.ninetynine percents of the work,B.Half of what he promised,C.Two-fifths of the articles,D.Three quarter of the business,第53页,Supplementary Exercises,第54页,Multiple choice:,1.On the wall_ two large portraits.,A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging,2.“News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,”,the pany mander said.,A.keep B.keeps C.kept D.have kept,3.There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.,A.are B.is C.were D.has,4.Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.,A.is B.are C.being D.was,5.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.,A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known,第55页,6.All but one _ here just now.,A.is B.was C.has been D.were,7.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.,A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered,8.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam,after another.,A.is B.are C.am D.be,9.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.,A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were,10.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.,A.is not decided B.are not decided,C.has not decided D.have not decided,第56页,高考链接,1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海）,A.number;has B.quantity;has,C.number;have D.quantity;have,B,第57页,精析：a large number of 背面要接复数名词，因此A不能作为答案。由于desert是单数，因此要填 has。这句话意思是“毁坏森林成果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案 B,第58页,2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(,上海,),A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are,C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are,C,第59页,精析:分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词表达.假如分子不小于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和比例作主语时,谓语动词形式取决于分数和百分数背面名词.句子中主语 land是单数,因此谓语动词要用is covered.答案C.,第60页,3-Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.,-So do I.,（全国,1998,）,A.hopes B.hope C.hoping D.do hope,A,第61页,精析：这句话主语是 Each of the students，是单数，因此要 hopes 选作谓语。目前分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表达伴随状况。有考生盲目地把 lessons 当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题译文：每一种努力学习学生都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。,第62页,4._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.,（上海）,A.Several million B.Many millions,C.Several millions D.Many million,A,第63页,精析:在million前假如有详细数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与 million等词连用.表达“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。”答案 A。,第64页,5.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96),A.were;was B.was;was,C.was;were D.were;were,C,第65页,6.The number of students in this school _ by 5%every year.(MET92),A.rise B.raise C.rises D.raises,the number of+复数可数名词作主语，表达数目(数量)，谓语动词用单数；a number of+复数可数名词作主语，表达许多，谓语动词用复数。,C,第66页,7.A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84),A.have B.has,C.have been D.has been,D,第67页,9.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift.(MET90),A.is offered B.has offered,C.are offered D.have offered,A,第68页,10.E-mail,as well as telephone,_ an important part in daily munication.(上海99),A.is playing B.have played,C.are playing D.play,A,第69页,11.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.(MET86),A.know B.knows,C.have known D.is known,12.All but one _ here just now.(MET87),A.is B.was,C.has been D.were,D,B,第70页,13.Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海94),A.is handing out,B.are to hand out,C.are handing out,D.is to hand out,D,第71页,14.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(MET87),A.is B.are C.am D.be,B,第72页,15.She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海94),A.is well paid B.are well paid,C.is paying well D.are paying well,B,第73页,16.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海春),A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,D,第74页,17._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海),A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are,C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are,C,分数或百分数,+of+,名词,作主语时,谓语动词数与名词数一致。,第75页,18.When and where,to build,the new factory _ yet.(MET91),A.is not decided,B.are not decided,C.has not decided,D.have not decided,A,动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,第76页,倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近一种主语保持一致。,19.There _ no life on the moon.(MET92),A.is said to have B.are said to have,C.is said to be D.are said to be,C,第77页,20.Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海98),A.hope B.hopes,C.hoping D.hoped,B,either/neither/each+of+,复数名词,作主语，谓语动词用单数。,第78页,21.A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill.(NMET95),A.sheep;grass;leaves,B.sheeps;grasses;leaves,C.sheep;grass;leaf,D.sheeps;grass;leafs,A,第79页,22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.(上海春),A.is used,B.are used,C.has been used,D.have been used,C,第80页,单复数同形名词作主语时，根据意义一致原则，表达单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。此类名词有：sheep,deer,means(措施、手段),works(工厂),species(种类),第81页,过关贯彻,1.A survey of the opinions of experts _ that three hours of,outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health.,A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are,解析：“a survey”作主语，谓语动词用单数；表时间，距离，,金钱可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词也用单数。,答案：B,2.We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days,and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.,A.is B.are C.has been D.have been,解析：主语是“the time”，故谓语动词用单数。,答案：A,第82页,3.The pany had about 20 notebook puters but only,onethird _ used regularly.Now we have 60 working all,day long.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,解析：此处onethird 指one third of 20 notebook,puters，故为复数；与now相对，用过去时。,答案：D,4.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true,of the Johnsons.,A.are B.is C.being D.to be,解析：主语为“大部分对Smith 夫妇说法”，当作单数，谓语,动词用is。,答案：B,第83页,5.A poet and artist _ ing to speak to us about Chinese,literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.,A.is B.are C.was D.were,解析：a poet and artist指一种人，既是诗人，也是艺术家。,答案：A,6.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the,frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.,A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going,解析：主语仍为the father，单数形式；as well as his three,children作句子状语，不影响谓语动词单复数。,答案：C,第84页,7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees,and grass.,A.Two fifth；is B.Two fifth；are,C.Two fifths；is D.Two fifths；are,解析：表达分数时，分子不小于一，分母(序数词形式)加s；主语,为land，不可数，故谓语动词用单数。,答案：C,8.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution，but,the sky is still not clear.,A.is used B.are used,C.has been used D.have been used,解析：every possible means每一种可行方式；means单复数,同形，此句中为单数；表达“每种措施都用过了”，用目前完毕时,被动语态。,答案：C,第85页,9.As a result of destroying the forests,，,a large _ of desert,_ covered the land.,A.number,；,has B.quantity,；,has,C.number,；,have D.quantity,；,have,解析：,a large number of,不修饰不可数名词；,a large,quantity of,不可数名词，谓语用单数。,答案：,B,10.He is the only one of the students who _ the winner of,scholarship for three years.,A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,解析：,有,the only,修饰先行词，其后定语从句中谓语用单数。,答案：,D,第86页,11.The population of China _ over 1.3 billion and eighty,percent of its population _ peasants.,A.is；are B.are；is C.is；is D.are；are,解析：population表达“人口”。当表达人口数为多少时谓语动,词用单数，假如有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语用复数。,答案：A,12.Grey as well as his two panions _ leave _,Paris tomorrow.,A.are to；for B.is to；for,C.is to；to D.are to；to,解析：句中主语是Grey，单数，故谓语也用单数；leave for,sp.，动身去某地。,答案：B,第87页,13.Either your parents or your elder brother _ to attend,the meeting tomorrow afternoon.,A.a