过去分词作表语.doc

过去分词用法总结：

过去分词作表语
作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite, very, rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种,表示不同的意义;被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。
(1) 过去分词做表语与被动语态的差异:
① The store is now closed .(系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被动)
② The novel is well written . (系表)
The novel is written by LuXun . (被动)
(2) 某些过去分词作表语,多半用来表示人物所处的心理状态或情感变化, 其主 语多半是人。
这类过去分词通常为下列过去分词: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
这些分词几乎都可以看作形容词, 其中很多可以被very修饰.
A. On hearing the good news everyone was very excited .
B. We are very pleased at the news .

需要注意的地方：
1. 多数情况下，如果主语是人，表语使用过去分词，； 如果主语是事或物，表语使用现在分词。但事实上，当表示主语处于某种状态中，即“感到/觉得、、、、”，表语要使用过去分词时，所以有时主语是物时也可；而要表示主语“具有令人/使别人感到、、、、、、的特征/性质”，表语使用现在分词，包括有时主语是人时也行。 He is terrifying他很吓人。（指他的长相或举动令人害怕)。
He is terrified. 他很害怕。
Please describe a dog that is frightened. 请描述一只惊恐的狗（狗受到了惊吓）。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
2. get done 也可构成被动语态，在意义上接近于 be done .例如：
He right hand got burnt in that big fire. 他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。
She got murdered last year. 去年她被人谋杀了。
get done 表状态

练习：
1. What an ___ game ! I’m really ___ at it .
A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited
C. excited, exciting D. exciting, exciting
2. The ground is ___ with the ___ leaves .
A. covering, falling B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen D. covering, fallen
3. We are all ___ to see that ___ child .
A. pleasing, smiled B. pleasing, smiling
C. pleased, smiling D. pleased, smiling
4. He got____about losing the money.
A. worried B. worrying
5. There was an _________ look on his face when the actress appeared.
A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. Excitement
6. After the heavy rain， many cars got ________ in the mud.
A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught
7. When I went in， they were ________ in a heated discussion.
A. absorb B. Absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed
8. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed

过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。
单个过去分词（及物动词和不及物动词），作定语时大都放在被修饰的词语之前，
过去分词短语作定语时一般放在被修饰的词语之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
如：
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

Is this the book bought by the teacher?

All the broken windows (=All the windows that were broken) have been repaired.

In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground.

注意:
1. 某些单个的过去分词作定语也必须作后置定语. 例如: There is no time left .
2. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？
There is noting changed here since I left this town.

仿照以上例句转换下列句子
1. The book which was written in 1957 tells the life of the farmers.

2. Most of the people who were invited to the conference were my old friends.

Exercises in class:
1. Most of the people ___ to the party were famous scientists .
A. invited B. to invited C. being invited D. inviting
2. The computer centers , ____ last year , is very popular among the students in this school .
A. to use B. used C. using D. uses
3. Jones and Smith came in , ___by their wives.
A. following B. to follow C. and followed D. followed
4. I don't know the girl ______ in the snow storm.
A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching
5. The girl _______ down by a car was dying.
A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock
6. The foreign guests， ________ by an interpreter， came out of the hall.
A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed
7. The problem _______ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere.
A. having been settled B. Settle C. be settled D. settled
8. The children __________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.
A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining
9. The managers will again discuss the plan _______ last week.
A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out
10. There have been several new events ________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. [2006年北京卷]
A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

过去分词作宾补
He can't make himself understood by us.

I heard the song sung in English

I wish my homework (to be) finished before five o’clock.

过去分词作为宾语补足语
(一) 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类: 　

1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. 　　
I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.
He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.
2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. 　　
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发. 　　
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了. 　　
Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完. 　
3. 表示思维活动的动词如consider， know， think等后。如： 　　
I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 　　
I thought myself misunderstood somehow in the talk.
4. 表示爱憎?意愿的动词如want， wish， like， hate等后。
I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 　　
He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。 　　
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系. 　　
特殊：
5. with +宾语+过去分词"的结构（独立主格结构）
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.　　
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他. 　　
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.

注意：在这一结构中,当宾语为某一身体部位,且作宾补的动词是及物动词时,身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语,因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。例如：

（二）、作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系

1. 及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时, 宾语和过去分词之间存在逻
辑上的被动关系。
I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。
He had his money stolen。
2. 少数不及物动词如 go, change, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成，不存在逻辑上的被动关系。
She found her necklace gone on her way home.在回家的路上她发现项链不见了。
He had his leg broken.
3. 动词 seat, hide, dress 等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般不表示被动的意义,相当于表语。因此,虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系,但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.

练习：
1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year. 　　
A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out
2. Mr.Brown was very disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ______ went wrong again. 　　
A.it B.it repaired C.repaired D.to be repaired
3. In the past few years,we have had thousands of trees ______ around our school. 　
A.plant B.planted C.planting D.being planted
4. She was glad to see her child well ______ care of. 　
A.take B.to be taken C.taken D. To take
5. He found them ___ at a table ___ .
A.sat; to play chess 　　 B.sitting; to play chess 　　
C.seated; playing chess 　　 D.seat; play the chess 　　
8. I can make you ______ what I say,but you can't make yourself ______ in English. 　　
A.understand; understand 　　 B.understand; understood 　　
C.to understand; understand 　　 D.understand; to be understood
9. The girl asked him not to leave the door ______ . 　
A.to close B.closed C.to be closed D.closing
10. I have often heard the"ABC Song" ____, but I have never heard Alice ____ it. 　
A.to be sung;to sing 　 B.being sung;sang 　
C.sung;sing D.sang;singing
11. I have had my bike _____, and I'm going to have somebody _____ my radio tomorrow. 　　
A.repair;to repair 　　 B.repairing;to be repaired 　　
C.repaired;repair 　　 D.to repair;repairing *

过去分词作为状语
一、 过去分词作状语所表示的意义
(1) 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成的动作。过去分词与句子主语之间通常存在
被动关系。
　　 the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars. (2009江西卷)
A. Giving B. Having given
C. To give D. Given

（2）有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(迷路)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲)；dressed in(穿着)，stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); tired of (厌烦).。
由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法，如frightened, satisfied, tired, disappointed等。
Surprised at what had happened, Tom didn’t know what to do.
汤姆对发生的一切非常惊讶，以至于不知如何是好。
Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.

【高考链接2】
　　　 and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. (2009浙江卷)
A. To be tried B. Tired
C. Tiring D. Being tired 【B】

过去分词作状语应注意以下几点。
一、过去分词与句子主语之间的关系（此时应注意人称一致）
1. Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
　2.　　 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (2009福建卷)
A. Reminding B. Reminded
C. To remind D. Having reminded
3. Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. （given 为过去分词作
状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.) 　
-_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. (seen 为过去
分词作状语,表"被看",它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应
主动看城市.)
4. Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了

重点：
分词在句子中作状语，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语之间的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。比较：
Seen from the sky, our city is very beautiful. (our city与see之间是被动关系)
Seeing from the sky, we find our city is very beautiful. ( we与see之间是主谓关系)

二 过去分词作状语的位置.
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开. 　
　He stood there silently, moved to tears. =
Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.

三 过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致。如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构属于独立主格结构。如：
More time given to us, we should have done the job much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。

The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons 　　　 for the day.(2007重庆卷)
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished

Signal given, the bus started.
信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.

Head held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.) 　

四 改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 根据主句主语和从句主语一致且从句含有动词be时可省略从句主语和动词be的原则，可把状语从句变换为“连词+过去分词”结构。常用的连词有if, unless, when, as, once, even if/ even though, as if, though/ although等：

When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定. 　　
I won’t attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited).
除非被邀请，否则我不去参加他的生日晚会。

Every evening after dinner, if not 　　　 from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.
(2009湖南卷)
A. being tired B. tiring
C. tired D. to be tired

练习题：
1. _______ more attention, the tree could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given.
2. The computer center, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
3. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
4. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
5. The researcher is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
6. ___ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding
7. When ________, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
8. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
9. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
10. Mr. Smith, _______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring
11. ________ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given