英语阅读理解中的推理判断题解题指导市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,welcome,第1页,第1页,阅读理解,高三解题指导,Reading comprehension,第2页,第2页,高考大纲中关于阅读理解要求,要求考生读懂简易英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、阐明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于普通性话题简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：,、理解主旨要义；,、理解文中详细信息；,、依据上下文推断生词词义；,、作出简朴判断和理解；,、理解文章基本结构；,、理解作者意图和态度；,7、依据所读，用恰当词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。,第3页,第3页,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,因此相关阅读理解题目主要有下列四种：,推 理 判 断 型,第4页,第4页,试 卷,(江苏),推理判断,主旨归纳,细节,理解,词义,猜想,4,2,8,1,7,2,5,1,高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系句与句、段与段之间逻辑关系。,第5页,第5页,Reading Comprehension-Inference Questions,阅读理解专项-推理判断题,第6页,第6页,1.,推断隐含意义,2.,推断作者观点或态度,3.推断写作目,4.,推断文章出处,5.,推断文脉逻辑关系,阅读推理判断题,推断题分类,第7页,第7页,1.Question forms:,It can be,i,nferred,from the text that,.,From the text we know that,is most likely,.,When,the writer talks about,what the writer,really,means,is,.,The writer,suggests,that,.,The story,implies,that,.,We can,infer conclude,from the passage,that,.,这类题干中通常含有,infer,suggest,imply,conclude,等标志性词语。,一、如何推断隐含意义,2.技巧点拨,1).,全面分析,2).,忠实原文,3).,不要选择表层信息,第8页,第8页,1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.,（1分钟）,The sound of this beetle _.,A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited people.,Practice:,第9页,第9页,2.,It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach.Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it.If you dont turn it back over,all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die.,（1.5分钟）,You can tell that rocks _.,A.hurt sea animals B.protect sea animals,C.wont be found on beaches D.cant be found on beaches,第10页,第10页,二、如何推断作者观点和态度：,1.Question forms:,The writers,attitude,toward is_.,The writer,thought,that_.,According to the author,_.,2.技巧点拨,注意作者表示感情色彩,形容词、副词、动词及所举例子,，推断出作者弦外之音。,第11页,第11页,1.（江西卷）Just as crying can be healthy,not cryingholding back tears of anger,pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体)health.Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure,heart problems and some other illnesses.If you have a health problem,doctors will certainly not ask you to cry.But when you feel like crying,dont fight it.Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应).（2分钟）,According to the author,which of the following statements is true?,A.Crying is the best way to get help from others.,B.Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.,C.We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.,D.We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,第12页,第12页,2.Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder,bribery(行贿)，and death.Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news.,This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.,A.complain B.apologize,C.amuse D.inform,第13页,第13页,阐明文中作者态度:,objective,neutral,在议论文中，有：,(1),positive,(2),negative,(3),neutral,(4),approval,(5),disapproval,(6),indifferent,(7),ironic,(8),critical,(9),optimistic,(10),pessimistic,客观,消极,漠不关怀,赞成,不赞成,乐观,消极,Taking notes:,中立,积极,挖苦,批评,中立,第14页,第14页,三、如何推断写作目的,1.,Question forms:,(1),考察整篇文章写作目的,A.,The,writers,purpose,of writing this passage is to _.,B.,What is,the purpose,of writing this article?,C.,In writing the passage,the author intends to,_.,第15页,第15页,(2),考察某处细节写作意图,A,.The writer,uses the example ofto show that,_.,B,.The writer,uses the two questions,at the beginning of the passage to _.,C,.,are mentioned in the first paragraph,to _.,第16页,第16页,2.常见写作目标归纳,不同文章可能有不同写作目标,但写作目标通常有以下三种：,(1)to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）,(2)to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）,(3)to inform readers（通知读者一些信息）,常见于,故事类,文章。,to make people laugh;to tell an interesting experience,常见于,广告类,文章。,to sell a product or a service;to attract more visitors/readers/audience,多见于,科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类,文章.,第17页,第17页,1.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.（1.5分钟）,The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to,_,.,A.,test the readers knowledge about waves,B.,draw the readers attention to the topic,C.,show Jamie Taylors importance,D.,invite the readers to answer them,第18页,第18页,2.A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the mans big family-his parents,his brothers,their wives and children.The family kept an elephant,in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every day she fed it with fruit and sugar.,Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soon the elephant refused to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.,It went to the womans home.On seeing her,the elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.（3分钟）,The writer wrote the story in order to_.,A.show that elephants are very clever,B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal,C.show that women care more for animals than men do,D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,第19页,第19页,1.,Question forms:,The passage is most likely to be,taken from_.,Where would this passage most probably,appear,?,The passage is most likely,a part of,_.,四、如何推断文章出处,第20页,第20页,2.解题技巧,这类问题应从文章,内容,或,结构,来判断其出处：,(1),报纸：,前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称,(2),广告 ：,因其格式特殊，容易辨认,(3),产品阐明：,器皿、设备使用阐明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药物服用阐明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等,第21页,第21页,1.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.,To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by one tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓和疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.,For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount(量).For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.,Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.,This text is most probably taken from a _.,（2分钟）,A.textbook B.newsreel(新闻片),C.doctors notebook D.bottle of medicine,第22页,第22页,2.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window.Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.,Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt.If you do not,you could be fined up to$50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt.But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.,However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.（3分钟）,This text is taken from _.,A.a medical magazine B.a police report,C.an advertisement（广告）D.a government information booklet,（小册子）,More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.,you could be fined up to$50,Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined,a police report,第23页,第23页,2.解题技巧,推测,下文,内容：依据,作者思绪,进行推理,推测,上文,内容：,关注第一段,，尤其是文段 开始几句话。,五推断文脉逻辑关系,1)推断上下文内容,1.Question forms:,The next paragraph would most probably deal with _,The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.,第24页,第24页,When early humans hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of altering their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,causing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.This development led to farming and the domestication of animals.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.（3分钟）,The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.,A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urbanization（都市化）,第25页,第25页,2.解题技巧：,按,段落组织办法,理解文章结构,按,写作办法（论证办法）,理解文章结构,2)推断篇章组织结构,1.Question forms:,Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?,How is the passage organized?,第26页,第26页,1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段意思。,2.推断作者写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章体裁也能够推断作者写作目的。,3.推断作者观点，应当全面理解文章内容及文章中心思想。,4.推断文脉逻辑，必须尤其关注作者思绪和段落组织办法，推断下文要注意最后一段内容,尤其是最后两三句话。,总结,第27页,第27页,Thank you for your attention!,第28页,第28页,