word-by-word.doc

P34: Tool and hardware (21)
mallet
a hammer with a large wooden head
木槌
handsaw
a saw (= a tool with a long blade with sharp teeth along one edge) that is used with one hand only
手锯
hacksaw
a tool with a narrow blade in a frame, used for cutting metal
钢锯,弓锯(切割金属)
Level /Spirit level
a tool for measuring how level a surface is, usually used by someone who is building something such as a house or a wall
（气泡）水准仪
screwdriver
a tool with a narrow blade that is specially shaped at the end, used for turning screws
螺丝刀；改锥
Phillips screwdriver
a screwdriver with a cross-shaped part for turning
♥ Phillips adj.十字形的
十字形改锥
wrench NAmE
sapnner BrE
a metal tool with a specially shaped end for holding and turning nuts and bolts (螺帽和螺栓= small metal rings and pins that hold things together)
扳手；扳子；扳钳
monkey wrench
/pipe wrench
adjustable spanner (BrE) (also 'monkey wrench NAmE, BrE) a tool that can be adjusted to hold and turn things of different widths
• 活动扳手
chisel

a tool with a sharp flat edge at the end, used for shaping wood, stone or metal
• 凿子；錾子
scraper

a tool with a handle and a sharp edge, used for removing a layer of something from a surface ♥ a paint/wallpaper/ice scraper
刮刀，铲子，刮削器
wire strippers

a tool for removing the plastic covering from electric wires
• (电线)剥皮钳
drill
a tool or machine with a pointed end for making holes
an electric drill电钻a hand drill手钻a dentist drill牙钻
钻，钻头
vice(BrE)

(NAmE vise)

a tool with two metal blocks that can be moved together by turning a screw. The vice is used to hold an object firmly while work is done on it.
 »He held my arm in a vice-like (= very firm) grip.
  他的手像老虎钳一样紧紧抓住了我的手臂。
• 枱钳；老虎钳:

pliers
• a metal tool with handles, used for holding things firmly and twisting and cutting wire
♥ a pair of pliers 一把钳子
• 钳子；夹钳
plane
a tool with a blade set in a flat surface, used for making the surface of wood smooth by shaving very thin layers off it
• 木工刨；刨子
(drill) bit
= the pointer part at the end of the drill
钻头
circular saw
a saw in the form of a metal disc that turns quickly, driven by a motor, and is used for cutting wood, etc.
• 圆锯
sander
an electric tool with a rough surface used for making wood smooth =power sander
• 打磨机
router
• an electric tool which cuts shallow lines in surfaces
• 槽刨
washer
a small flat ring made of rubber, metal or plastic placed between two surfaces, for example under a nut (螺母) to make a connection tight
• (螺母等的)垫圈,垫片；衬垫
screw
wood screwe 木头螺丝钉
machine screw 机器螺丝钉
螺丝钉
P35 Gardening Tools and Actions （12）
line trimmer
• a machine for cutting the edges of bushes, grass and hedges
»a hedge-trimmer 树篱修剪机
修剪机:
shovel
a tool with a long handle and a broad blade with curved edges, used for moving earth, snow, sand, etc.
• 铲；铁铲:
hoe
• a garden tool with a long handle and a blade, used for breaking up soil and removing weeds (= plants growing where they are not wanted)
• 锄头
trowel
a small garden tool with a curved blade for lifting plants and digging holes
•小铲子(园艺工具)
wheelbarrow
• a large open container with a wheel and ten handles that you use outside to carry things
•独轮车；手推车
hose
(hose∙pipe)
a long tube made of rubber, plastic, etc., used for putting water onto fires, gardens, etc.
 »a garden hose 浇花园的软管
 »a length of hose 一段软管
• (灭火、浇花等用的)橡皮管,塑料管,
nozzle
• a narrow piece that is attached to the end of a pipe or tube to direct the stream of liquid, air or gas passing through
• 管口；喷嘴
sprinkler
a device with holes in that is used to spray water in drops on plants, soil or grass
• 洒水器；喷洒器
rake

a garden tool with a long handle and a row of metal points at the end, used for gathering fallen leaves and making soil smooth
• 耙子；耙状工具
blower

a device that produces a current of air
 »a hot-air blower 热风机
»leaf blower 吹叶机
• 吹风机；送风机:

pruning shears
a garden tool that is used for cutting off the branches of trees and bushes
   a pair of pruning shears
— called also (US) pruners (Brit) secateurs

weeder
a hand tool for removing weeds
除杂草
Actions
·mow the lawn 修剪草坪 ·plant vegetables 种菜
·plant flowers 种花 ·water the flowers 浇花
·rake leaves 用耙梳理叶子 ·trim the hedge 修剪树篱
·prune the bushes 修建花丛 ·weed 除（地里面的）杂草
P36 Places around town (22)
bakery (bakeries)
面包店
candy store
糖果店
car dealership
(汽车)经销店 
Card store
贺卡店
Convenience store
(24小时)便利店
Copy center
复印店
delicatessen/deli
熟食店
Discount store
打折商店
donut shop
甜甜圈店
Drug store/pharmacy
药店
electronics store
电子产品店
Eye-care center/optician
眼镜店
Flower shop/florist
花店
Laundromat 自助洗衣店
Maternity shop
孕妇商店
A phone booth
电话亭
antique shop
古董店
beauty parlour
美容院
boutique
时装店，精品店
bucket shop 廉价机票店
chain store
连锁商店
newsstand 报摊，书报亭

P40 The city
Courthouse
法院大楼
City hall
市政府；市政厅
fire hydrant n.消防栓
sewer n.污水管
street vendor n.街头小贩
meter maid a woman whose job is to find vehicles that are parked illegally
crosswalk
• a part of a road where vehicles must stop to allow people to cross. Pedestrian(行人) crossing (BrE)
人行横道；行人穿越道
Curb/Kerb
• the edge of the raised path at the side of a road, usually made of long pieces of stone
• (由条石砌成的)路缘；道牙；马路牙子
manhole
• a hole in the street that is covered with a lid, used when sb needs to go down to examine the pipes or sewers below the street
• (检查地下管道用的)人孔,检查井
drive-through
(also 'drive-thru)
• (NAmE) a restaurant, bank, etc. where you can be served without having to get out of your car drive-through window
• 不必下车即可得到服务的餐馆(或银行等)
P42-47 （描述人、物、情感状态）
toddler

• a child who has only recently learnt to walk
• 学步的儿童；刚学会走路的孩子
physically challenged
a.disabled in a way that prevents you from using part of your body properly    
impaired
if your body’s ability to do something is impaired, you are not fully able to do it
methods of correcting impaired vision
Signing is provided for the hearing-impaired.
shoulder-length • 齐肩的
◙ adj. (especially of hair 尤指头发) long enough to reach your shoulders
wavy :◙ adj. • having curves; not straight • 起伏不平的；波浪形的；拳曲的
 »brown wavy hair 棕色鬈发 »a pattern of wavy lines 波浪形线条图案
Compare
·moustache  (mustache)
 the hair that grows on a man’s upper lip, especially deliberately grown in a particular shape
·beard   ：hair that grows on a man’s chin and cheeks his thick white beard
Straight - crooked直的-弯曲的，歪的 Straight - curly Curly 头发 尾巴
Fancy - plain 精致的-朴素的 Shiny - dull 光亮的-无光泽的 Sharp - dull 尖的 - 钝的
Furious
暴怒的
miserable
非常难受的
P48-49 fruits and vegetables
Plantain
大蕉
Plum
李子
Apricot
杏
nectarine
油桃
Kiwi/kiwi fruit
猕猴桃，奇异果
Papaya/pawpaw
木瓜
mango
芒果
fig
无花果
coconut
椰子
avocado(BrE also ˌavocado 'pear)
• 油梨,鳄梨(热带水果,皮硬呈深绿色,肉软呈浅绿色,核大)
cantaloupe
甜瓜，哈密瓜
Honeydew(melon)
蜜瓜，白兰瓜
grapefruit
柚子，西柚
lime
酸橙，酸橙汁
tangerine
橘；orange 橙子
prunes
梅脯；李子干
date
海枣（北非、西亚）
raisin
葡萄干
raspberry
山莓，覆盆子
blueberry
蓝莓
celery（a stick of）
芹菜
broccoli
西兰花
cauliflower
花椰菜，菜花
spinach
菠菜
parsley
欧芹；荷兰芹
asparagus
芦笋
eggplant 美
aubergine 茄子
lettuce(a head of)
生菜
bok choy 美
pak choi 小白菜
zucchini 美
courgette 西葫芦
acorn squash
南瓜
butternut squash
冬瓜
garlic(a clove of)
大蒜（一瓣）
pea
豌豆
string/green bean
美
French bean英
四季豆
green pepper/
sweet pepper
甜椒；灯笼椒
kidney bean
菜豆
brussels sprout
汤菜，抱子甘蓝
cucumber
黄瓜
radish(a bunch of)
萝卜（一捆）
artichoke
洋蓟
sweet potato
红薯，地瓜
yam
山药；红薯（美）
lima bean
利马豆
red pepper/
cayenne
红辣椒
chili pepper
辣椒（经常在干后制成辣椒粉）
beet/beetroot
甜菜根；糖萝卜
jalapeno(pepper)
青椒
scallion 美
/green onion
spring onion 英
大葱
turnip
芜菁
P50 Meat, poultry(家禽), and seafood
ground beef 美
mince 碎肉（牛）
stewing beef
炖牛肉
roast beef
烤/烧牛肉
ribs/spare rib
排骨/猪排骨
leg of lamb
羊腿
lamb chops
羊排
tripe 百叶,食用(牛/猪)肚
liver 肝 liver and onions 洋葱炒肝尖
pork/pork chops
猪肉/猪排
sausages
香肠；腊肠
ham (a slice of)
火腿（一片）
bacon(a rasher of)
咸猪肉（一片）
chicken breasts
鸡胸脯肉
chicken legs/
drumsticks
鸡腿/下腿肉
chicken wings
鸡翅
chicken thighs
鸡腿
salmon
鲑鱼
halibut
大比目鱼
haddock
黑线鳕
flounder
偏口鱼
trout
鳟鱼
catfish
鲶鱼
filet of sole
鳎鱼片（无骨）
cod
鳕鱼
shellfish
水生有壳动物
shrimp
小虾
scallops
扇贝
crabs
螃蟹
clams
蛤蜊
mussels
蚌，贻贝
oysters
牡蛎
lobster
龙虾
P51：Dairy products, Juices , and Beverages
low-fat milk
低脂牛奶
skim milk
脱脂牛奶
fat-free yogurt
脱脂酸奶
margarine
人造黄油
sour cream
酸奶油（烹饪用）
cream cheese
奶油干酪
cottage cream
农家干酪
fruit punch
潘趣酒
soda
苏打汽水
diet soda
低糖汽水
bottled water/beer
瓶装水/啤酒
decaffeinated coffee/decaf 低咖
instant coffee
速溶咖啡
herbal tea
草药茶
cocoa/hot chocolate mix 热可可饮料

P52 Deli, Frozen foods, and Snack foods
deli/delicatessen
熟食柜台
bologna 波伦亚大红肠（各种肉制成）
salami 萨拉米香肠（味浓，切片冷食）
corned beef
咸牛肉
pastrami
五香熏牛肉
Swiss cheese 瑞士干酪（中间有孔）
provolone
意大利干酪
Cheddar cheese 切德干酪（黄色且硬）
mozzarella 莫泽雷勒干酪 （色白味淡的意大利干酪）
coleslaw 凉拌菜丝（用生圆白菜、胡萝卜、洋葱等切丝与蛋黄酱搅拌而成）
macaroni 通心粉
pasta 意大利粉
pretzels 椒盐卷饼
salad 1.生吃的蔬菜沙拉；
2. 拌有肉鱼奶酪等的混合沙拉；
3. 3.或生或熟，多拌有蛋黄酱，与面食豆类一起食用的蔬菜沙拉
lemonade
柠檬味汽水
tortilla
墨西哥薄馅饼
P53 Groceries
·Packaged goods n.groceries that are packaged for sale
cereal （常加牛奶做早餐用的）谷类食物；macaroni 通心面
crackers 薄脆饼干（常为咸味，多与干酪一起食用）；
·Canned goods : tuna (fish) 金枪鱼罐头； (canned)vegetables ; canned fruit
·jams and jellies:
jam 果酱 jelly果冻；不含水果块的果酱 peanut butter花生酱
·Condiments(调味料)：
ketchup 番茄酱 mustard 芥末酱 pickles(=gherkin)醋泡小黄瓜
relish 风味佐料（用水果和蔬菜煮后做成的冷稠酱汁）olives 橄榄
pepper 胡椒粉 spices (调味)香料 soy sauce 酱油 olive oil 橄榄油
mayonnaise 蛋黄酱（用作三明治、色拉等的调味品） vinegar 醋
salsa 辛香番茄酱（常用于墨西哥食物） salad dressing(=dressing)色拉调料
·Baked goods
rolls(=bread rolls)小圆面包 English muffins 英国松饼（通常烤热加黄油吃）
pita bread=pitta 皮塔饼，填陷面包
·Baking Products：flour (尤指小麦的)面粉；sugar 食糖 cake mix
P54 Household supplies, baby products, and pet food
tissues(a box of)
纸巾；手巾纸
(drinking)straws
吸管
paper plates
一次性纸盘子
paper towels
厚纸巾
toilet paper
厕纸
liquid soap
洗手液
aluminum foil
铝箔（包裹食物）
plastic wrap=cling film 保鲜塑料薄膜
waxed paper
蜡纸
formula (milk)
配方奶
(baby) wipes
湿纸巾，抹布
(disposable) diapers =nappy 尿布
P55 The supermarket
checkout counter
结账台
conveyor belt
传送带
cash register/till
现金出纳金
shopping cart/trolley 购物车