人教版新目标九年级英语Unit4知识点.pdf

Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.重点知识归纳解析重点知识归纳解析【重点词组】1.used to过去曾经 2.be afraid of the dark惧怕黑暗 3.from time to time时常 4.get good scores取得好的分数5.deal with对付，应对6.get tons of attention得到大量的关注7.read books on European history阅读有关欧洲历史的书8.African culture非洲文化 9.be alone独处 10.give a speech in public作一个公开演讲11.paint pictures画画 12.be nervous about tests 对考试感到紧张13.influence his way of thinking影响他的思维方式14.be proud of./take pride in 为感到骄傲 15.be absent from classes逃课 16.fail the examinations考试不及格 17.make a decision下决心18.talk with sb in person 亲自找某人谈话 19.to one surprise使某人惊讶的是 20.feel good about oneself对自己充满信心 21.a general self-introduction一个简要的自我介绍 22.in the last few years在最近几年 23.remain silent 保持沉默 24.have a great influence on sb 对某人有很大的影响【重点句式】1.-You used to be short,didnt you?-Yes,I did.-你过去个子矮，是吗？-是的，我是。2.-Whats he like now?-Hes tall now.-她现在是什么样？-她现在很高。3.Paula used to be really quiet,she was never brave enough to ask questions.波拉以前很文静，她从来不够勇敢来问题。4.Its three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.自从我们上次见到我们的初中同学以来已有三年了。5.Emily didnt use to eat a lot of vegetables,but now she loves carrots and tomatoes.艾米丽过去不吃许多蔬菜，但是现在她喜爱胡萝卜和西红柿。6.-I used to be nervous about tests all the time.What about you?-Yes,me too.And I used to hate P.E class.-我以前对考试一直感到紧张，你呢？-是的，我也是。并且我过去还讨厌上体育课。7.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.我的生活在近几年改变了许多。【重点知识重点知识】Section A（1a 2d）a.词汇包：be interested in对对感兴趣感兴趣该短语后接动词-ing形式、名词或代词，其主语必须是人或其他有生命的东西。它相当于show/take/have/feel(an)interest in，其中interest为名词，意为“兴趣”。其中be可换用get或become以强调由不感兴趣到感兴趣。【备课例句】Shes interested in collecting shells.=She shows an interest in collecting shells.她对收集贝壳感兴趣。He became very interested in science when he was ten.他十岁时就对科学产生了兴趣。（以前不感兴趣，十岁时开始）【横向辐射】interesting&interest1.interesting作形容词，有主动意味，意为“令人有趣的”，作表语时，主语通常是物。作定语时，既可修饰人，也可修饰物。【例句】The story is very interesting.这故事很有趣。This is an interesting book.这是本有趣的书。2.interest作不可数名词时意为“兴趣、趣味”。作动词时意为“使（人）发生兴趣”，其主语多为事物。【例句】Theyre all places of great interest in China.它们都是中国的名胜。Your story interests me.你的经历引起了我的兴趣。【课堂变式】I have _ to tell you.Maybe you will be _ in it.A.interesting something;interested B.something interesting;interestingC.something interesting;interested D.something interested;interesting【解析解析】形容词修饰不定代词时，应该放在其后面，可先排除A。另外，修饰某物时要用interesting，可排除D。第二空的you是人，故要用be interested in结构。答案选择C。b.句式包：1.Mario,you used to be short,didnt you?马里奥，你过去很矮，对吗？马里奥，你过去很矮，对吗？used to do sth 意为“过去常常做某事”，特指在过去经常发生的动作，而现在已不再发生，其中used to 可以看作情态动词，用于各种人称。【备课例句】He used to play soccer when he was young.他年轻时经常踢足球。（现在不踢了）She used to be an English teacher.她过去是一位英语老师。（现在不是英语老师了）1.其否定句为didnt use to do或used not to do，used not可缩写为usednt。【备课例句】Mr.Li didnt use to drink beer.=Mr.Li usednt to drink beer.李先生不常喝啤酒。2.used to 的疑问句形式是“Diduse to do?”或“Usedto do”。【备课例句】Did she use to get up early?=Used he to get up early?她过去经常早起吗？3.used to 的反意疑问句也用助动词did(nt)或used(nt)构成。【备课例句】Mario used to be late for school,didnt/usednt he?马里奥以前上学经常迟到，对不对？【横向辐射】be used to do sth&be used to doing sth.1.be used to do sth 表示“被用于做某事”，是被动结构，强调主语是动词use的承受者。【例句】Wood can be used to make desks.木材可用来制作书桌。Stamps can be used to send letters.邮票可用来寄信。2.be used to doing sth意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后须接名词或动词-ing形式。【例句】I was used to the hard life here.我习惯这里的艰苦生活。He is used to working before six in the morning.他已经习惯每天早晨六点以前干活。【课堂变式】1.She used to_ in the morning,but now she is used to _ at night.A.read;readB.read;readingC.reading;readD.reading;reading【解析】前一空是used to do sth结构，后一空是be used to doing 结构。若第二空采用be used to do sth结构，主语she不能成为use的承受者。另外，由but now可知前一句说的是过去的情况，后一空说的是现在的情况。正确答案是B。2.I used to go outside on weekends.(改为否定句)I_ _ to go outside on weekends.【解析】本题考查used to do的否定结构。其否定句为didnt use to do或used not to do。正确答案是didnt use/used not。2.What did his friends used to look like?他的朋友过去长得什么样子？他的朋友过去长得什么样子？What does sb look like?只用来询问某人的外貌长相，相当于What is sb like?,like在句中作介词，意为“像”。【备课例句】What does Tom look like?(=What is Tom like?)汤姆长得什么模样？He is very much like his father,tall and dark.他非常像他的父亲又高又黑。【横向辐射】What is sb/sth like?&What does sb like?1.What is sb/sth like?What is sb like?还可用来询问某人的品质。What is sth.like?用来询问事物的性质，特别是用来谈论天气状况,like在句中作介词，意为“像”。【例句】What is Lily like?莉莉是怎样的一个人？Shes a very nice girl.她是个非常好的女孩。Whats the weather like?今天天气怎么样？Very fine.很晴朗。Whats this book like?这本书怎么样？Very interesting.很有趣。2.What does sb like?该句型用来询问某人“喜欢什么”，like为动词“喜欢”。【例句】What does Li Hua like?李华喜欢什么？He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。【课堂变式】What does the lady look like?.A.Shes fine and well B.Shes really a nice ladyC.Shes tall and thin D.She likes wearing skirts【解析】A意为“她身体很好”，B意为“她的确是个好女士”，C意为“她是个瘦高个”，D意为“她喜欢穿短裙子”。问句是问长相如何，应选C。Section A（3a 3c）a.词汇包：1.dare敢于；胆敢；可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。敢于；胆敢；可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。（1）实义动词dare后面接动词不定式to do【例句例句】I dare to swim across the riverI dont dare to say that.Do you dare to go with me?(肯定回答：Yes,I do.否定回答：No,I dont.）（2）dare作情态动词时后面接动词原形（不带to的动词不定式）。【例句】I darent say that.Dare you go with me?(肯定回答：Yes,I dare.否定回答：No,I dare not.)How dare you say that?If he dare break the rule,he will be punished.注意：dare作情态动词时主要用于疑问句,否定句和条件从句中,不用于肯定句（只有一个例外I dare say，但那是一个固定短语，意思是“我相信,可能,我想是这样”）。（3）在否定句或疑问句中，现代英语口语常用实义动词的dare，但省略后面的to，直接接动词原形。【例句】I dont dare say that.Do you dare go with me?【备课例句】Mary dare not go home because she failed the math test again.玛丽不敢回家，因为她数学考试又没及格。【课堂变式】Would you like to come over to my house tomorrow?Oh,I d love to.but I am afraid of your pet dog.I _ go close to it.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.darent【解析】由题意可知，我是怕你的宠物狗，而不敢靠近它.dare作情态动词的否定式为darent;故答案选D。2.give up 放弃放弃后接动词-ing形式或名词，但不能接动词不定式。后接代词作宾语时，代词应放在give和up之间。You should give up smoking.你应该戒烟。Math is too difficult for me.I think Ill give it up.数学对我来说太难。我想我会放弃它。【横向辐射】give的相关短语give in 屈服，让步；give back归还；give away分发，赠送；give sb a hand 帮某人的忙【课堂变式】Is he still raising money for charity?Yes.He never_ hope of helping poor children.A.gives up B.gives out C.takes off D.takes out【解析】gives out“分发”；takes off“脱下起飞”；takes out“拿出”。根据上句Is he still raising money for charity?及答语Yes可知答案选A，意为“放弃”。b.句式包：1.Candy told me that she used to be really shy and took up singing to deal with her shyness.凯迪告诉我她以前真的很害羞并且开始唱歌来应对她的害羞。凯迪告诉我她以前真的很害羞并且开始唱歌来应对她的害羞。这是由that 引导的宾语从句。take up:开始从事 【备课例句】Jack took up running for exercise to lose weight this month 杰克这个月在跑步锻炼来减肥。【横向辐射】take up 的用法的用法(1)占，占地方 That big table takes up too much room.那张大桌子占的地方太大了。Learning English takes up a lot of my time.学英语占了我许多时间。(2)开始从事 We took up physical chemistry at college.在大学我们选学了物理化学课。(3)讨论 discuss We will take the next lesson up tomorrow.我们明天将要讨论下一课。(4)从事；经手 The teacher took up the lesson where she stopped.老师从昨天留下的部分开始讲。(5)让乘客上车；接纳 The bus stopped to take up the students.公共汽车停下来，让这些学生上车。【课堂变式】Whats your plan for the new school year?Oh,I am going to _a new hobby by learning to play the guitar.A.take part B.take up C.take back D.take care【解析】此题考查take相关的短语，由题意可知，我打算通过学弹吉它开始一项新爱好。答案选B。deal with“对付对付”、“应付应付”【备课例句】The young woman teacher didnt know how to deal with the noisy class.这位年轻的女教师不知道如何应对喧闹的课堂。【横向辐射】deal with 与与do with1.do with常与连接代词 what 连用，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用【例句】I dont know how they deal with the problem.=I dont know what they do with the problem.我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。2.这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。一般地说，do侧重对象，deal侧重方式方法；do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等。deal with 意义很广，常表示、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。【例句】1.They found a way to do with the elephant.他们找到对付那头大象的办法了。2.They could properly deal with all kinds of situations.他能恰当地应付各种局面。【课堂变式】1.The boss found two boys stealing his bread but he didnt know _ A.how to do with B.what to do with them C.how to deal with it D.what to deal with【解析】deal with与do with都是处理，应对的意思，故选A。do with常与连接代词 what 连用，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用.故选C。2.Only a very small number of people make it to the top.只有少量的人才成功地到达顶峰。只有少量的人才成功地到达顶峰。a small number of 意为：“少量的，为数不多的”。Make it意为“办成，做到；成功”；用来表示达到预定目标。【备课例句】Today make it close to be late for class.今天我差一点都迟到了。【横向辐射】make it的用法 一、用来表示规定时间，常与can,let等词连用。【例句】A：Shall we meet next week?下星期我们见面，好吗？B：Yes.Lets make it next Sunday.好的，让我们约定下星期日吧。二、用来表示达到预定目标；办成，做到；成功；发迹。【例句】：Tell him I want to see him tonight,at my house if he can make it.告诉他今晚我要见他，行的话就在我家。三、用来表示及时抵达；赶上。【例句】：He wont be able to make it home at Christmas.圣诞节时他到不了家。四、用来表示(疾病)等得到好转；得救。【例句】：The doctor knew that the patient was unlikely to make it.医生知道那个病人没什么希望了。五、用来表示相处得很好，受欢迎(或尊重)，被接受(与with连用)。【例句】：She finally made it with the crowd in Hollywood.她终于受到好莱坞人的欢迎。六、用来表示预定小吃。【例句】：Make it a cake and a bottle of orange.来一块蛋糕和一瓶橘汁。【课堂变式】Dont give up!Come on.I know you can make_.A.it B.this C.that D.so 解析解析make it 为固定搭配，意为：“办成，做到；成功”；用来表示达到预定目标。答案ASection B（1a 1e）a.词汇包：all the time一直；总是一直；总是相当于always。【备课例句】I have been busy all the time.我一直很忙。【横向辐射】time的相关短语in time及时on time 按时for the first time 第一次at the same time 同时have a good time 过得愉快；玩得开心at times(=sometimes)有时【课堂变式】Look!The monkeys are jumping _.A.in time B.for the first time C.all the time D.at times【解析】根据句意“瞧！这些猴子一直在跳”可确定答案是C。Section B（2a 2f）a.词汇包1.cause(v.)造成；使发生造成；使发生作动词，常见用法有：(1)后接名词或代词。【备课例句】What cause his illness?是什么使他生病？(2)后接双宾语，即cause sb sth，意为“给某人带来”。【备课例句】Im afraid Im going to cause you much trouble.恐怕我会给你添很多麻烦。(3)后接动词不定式作宾补，即cause sb/sth to do sth，意为“促使某人做某事”。【备课例句】Success causes him to work hard.成功促使他更加努力工作。【横向辐射】cause 作名词cause 作名词时，意为“原因”，近义词为reason。表示“的原因”常用the cause of 或the reason for。【例句】What was the cause of the accident?这起事故的原因是什么？Give me your reason for doing that.给我你那样做的理由。【课堂变式】Every year driving after drinking wine _ a lot of traffic accidents.A.happens B.provides C.causes D.affords【解析】happen“发生”；provide“提供”；affords“买得起”。根据句意“每年酒后驾车引发大量交通事故”可确定选C。2.waste(v.)浪费；滥用浪费；滥用作动词，表示浪费时间、精力、财力和物力等，常接名词作宾语。另外waste还可用于waste sth on sth/sb和waste sth(in)doing sth结构。【备课例句】He never wasted a moment.他从不浪费一刻时间。Dont waste your time on these things.不要把你的时间浪费在这些事上。He wasted lots of time in playing computer games.玩电脑游戏浪费了他很多时间。【课堂变式】1.你不要把时间浪费在看电视上。Dont waste your time _ _ TV.2.让那个孩子不要浪费时间了。Ask the child _ _ _time.【解析】1.in watching 2.not to waste 3.make a decision 下决定；下决心下决定；下决心该短语相当于动词decide。decision是动词decide的名词形式。【备课例句】She could not make a decision about the dresses.她对（买不买）这衣服下不了决心。We need to make a decision on this by next week.我们得在下周前就这一问题作出决定。【课堂变式】Jack,will your family move to Shanghai?Yes.Thats a very big my parents made.A.decide B.decision C.education D.difference【解析】decide是动词，意为“决定”；decision是名词，意为“决定”；education 是名词，意为“教育”；difference是名词，意为“差异，不同”。根据句意“那是我父母做的一个大决定”以及空格前的a确定用decide的名词形式，故选B。4.no longer 不再；已不不再；已不【备课例句】I go there no longer.我不再去那儿了。She no longer needed the shoe!她不再需要那只鞋子了。【横向辐射】notany longer¬ any more 1.notany longer 意为“不再”，常可与no longer 替换，多指过去持续的动作或存在的状态现在已不能再继续下去，侧重指时间上不再延长。【例句】I cant wait for you any longer.=I cant no longer wait for you.我不能再等到你了。2.notany more也意为“不再”，可与no more替换，多指再也不重复过去反复做或发生的具体动作。【例句】The baby didnt cry any more.=The baby no more cried.那个婴儿不再哭了。【课堂变式】He no longer lives here.(同义句转换)He _ _here _ _.【解析】doesnt live,any longer。5.take pride in 对对感到自豪感到自豪在此短语中，pride 为名词，意为“骄傲”。另外be proud of 也意为“为感到自豪”，但proud是形容词。同时我们要注意这两个短语中的介词不同。【备课例句】They take pride in their daughter,who is now a movie star.=They are proud of their daughter,who is now a movie star.女儿成为电影明星，他们感到很自豪。【课堂变式】We felt _ when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race.A.pride B.proud C.successful D.worried【解析】pride是 名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”；proud是形容词，意为“骄傲的，自豪的”；successful是形容词，意为“成功的”；worried是形容词，意为“焦虑的”，feel在此是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，排除A。再根据when Liu Xiang won the first prize again in the race确定选B。b.句式包：He has been working hard and is now one of the best students in his class.他一直非常努力学习，现在是班上最出色的学生之一。他一直非常努力学习，现在是班上最出色的学生之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级复数名词”意为“最之一”。【备课例句】Tom is one of the youngest students in our school.在我们学校里，汤姆是年纪最小的学生之一。In England,one of the most popular kinds of food is fish and chips.在英国，最受欢迎的食品之一是炸鱼和炸土豆条。【横向辐射】“one of+复数名词或代词”“one of+复数名词或代词”意为“中的一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【例句】One of the brothers is a scientist.那些兄弟中有一位是科学家。【课堂变式】1.October 12th was one of day in 2005,for Shenzhou VI was sent up successfully into the space.A.exciting B.more exciting C.much exciting D.the most exciting【解析】“one of+the+形容词最高级复数名词”结构。exciting的最高级形式是the most exciting。正确答案是D。2.刘翔是世界上最受欢迎的体育明星之一。_【解析】Liu Xiang is one of the most popular sports stars in the world.