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<p>GRE基础班讲义 Ⅰ 整体介绍一. 出国考试介绍:吗语言测试: TOEFL, IELTS 学术智力测试: SAT, GRE, GMAT, LSAT 考试特点：词汇, 速度,  逻辑的三个方面的相辅相成的考察. 二. GRE考试介绍全称: Graduate Record Examination 俗称: God Reading English 类型: 一般GRE 考试/ general gre     专项GRE 考试/ gre sub GRE SUB 针对考生类型竞争激烈的部分专业考生: computer, mathematics, biology, physics, chemistry等                       Transfer majors 转专业考生(证明学术能力的方式) 三. GRE General 考试流程类型: split test (mainland, hongkong, Taiwan, korea) 报名: 关于analytical writing (AW): 8:00—8:30 进考场, 填写个人信息. 9点开始考试, 45+30 分钟, 满分6分. 关于纸笔考试:　２个ｖｅｒｂａｌ，　２个ｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅ，　各３０分钟，　无ｂｒｅａｋ．　各８００分，　共１６００分．关于数学：　中国学生――８００. 关于语文：　每个ｓｅｃｔｉｏｎ　３８个题，　１－７填空，　８－１６类比，　１７－２７阅读，　２８－３８反义．四. 关于作文 AW WRITING 分数分布考试人数130人大于4分的占77%               6分 2人, 1.54%               5.5  6人, 4.62%               5分 16人, 12.31%               4.5  29人, 22.31%               4    47人, 36.15% 四分最常见, 5分优秀, 6分不是教出来的, 是境界分… 类型: argument 驳论文 242道题收敛式思维, 严谨性思维     Issue 立论文 244道题深度思维要求:  insightful position       compelling reasons      persuasive examples       well-focused       well-organized       sentence variety      effective vocabulary      etymology (bible, Greek myth ) 精髓: logic + relation     Not language 五. 关于GRE 考试中所设计的分项单词问题：          7遍          7个          35分钟          艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线(识记、保持、再认和回忆) (一般记住后，在5分后重复一遍，30分后再重复一遍，12小时后，1天后，2天后，4天后，7天后，15天后就会记得很牢)          日看夜温做记号          坚持到最后一分钟 (准备AW时都不能放弃词汇, 失去你, 你就再也不会回来) % N# G% @# k" T8 k2 T" J   填空的问题熟悉单词(ets认为…) 熟做题目(陈圣元) 熟析句式(服务阅读和写作) 熟练逻辑(同义反义逻辑)—因为爱, 所以爱; 因为地是湿的, 所以地是湿的; 填空的正确率是建立在你对长句结构的把握和逻辑的判断以及单词的认识上的。早开始, 多做题, 多重复. $ e- \& x  P4 o/ t& n 阅读的问题阅读很重要(逻辑, 结构, 目的, 态度) 阅读不是纯粹词汇理解的堆砌而是对GRE阅读文章套路的理解来把握具体的做题方法. (source finder, vocabulary) 阅读提高后是不容易出现反复的类型阅读要集中高强度训练阅读和分析开始不限制时间,后来定目标时间长12M短5M 了解自己的阅读精确度以及词汇的准确度来决定复习分配时间 ) E3 V7 U! H2 [# g4 @1 l" [3 A+ [! O) u" A1 K" A   类比反义红宝好好背三遍开始练重复是重点熟悉是保证六. 部分GRE题目 1 Although the minuet appeared simple, its…steps had to be studied very carefully before they could be gracefully … in public. A progressive…revealed B intricate…executed 执行 C rudimentary…allowed D minute…discussed E entertaining … stylized 程式化 2. Despite the …of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize “pop culture” as a key for …the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society. A antipathy…entangling      反感  纠缠 B discernment… evaluating    识别能力  评估 C pedantry… reinstating       卖弄学问   使恢复原职 D skepticism… deciphering      怀疑  解码 E enthusiasm… symbolizing      热情  象征 3 Rather than enhancing a country’s security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country’s ….. A boldness B influence C responsibility D moderation E vulnerability 4 Queen Elizabeth I has quite correctly been called a … of the arts, because many young artists received her patronage. A connoisseur B critic C friend D scourge E judge 七. 关于留学 1 选择国家     美, 英, 澳, 加 2 选择相要求的考试美国研究生: gre, gmat, toefl, ielts 英国研究生: ielts, gre, gmat 3 安排合理的考试时间表和培训表 GRE/GMAT 时间为5年所以最好在决定出国的时间前一年左右考完雅思为两年, 所以最好是可以是最近成绩为好, 但为了不影响申请, 建议在入学时间前的一年左右考完. 4 清楚相应的考试成绩要求 General: gre(above 1200), toefl(above90) ielts6.5 PS: 考试成绩不是决定出国与否以及申请到牛校或者奖学金的唯一 GPA, GRE/GMAT/IELTS/TOEFL, 学术论文发表, 推荐信, 课外活动和领导力, 特殊能力, 适合自己的学校, 面试LUCK Ⅱ. 关于基础词汇和语法/句式一. 最常用的词汇转换认为/思考/觉得 Think----contemplate, suppose, assume, maintain, insist, personally, from the personal perspective, from one’s point of view, in one’s eyes, to one’s knowledge, to one’s mind 重要的 Important---momentous, crucial, vital, critical, influential, essential, indispensable, profound, significant, play a pushing/leading role/part 说明 Show---reveal, reflect, convey, confirm, demonstrate, disclose, illuminate, indicate, illuminate, justify, signify, cast/throw light on/upon 引起/引发/使得 Cause---Ignite, stimulate, spur, motivate, give rise to, arouse, render, evoke, trigger 方法/提议/解决方案 Way---solution, approach, recipe, proposal, remedy, scheme, recommendation, measure, means 困难/复杂 Hard---complex, intricate, stubborn, complicated, sophisticated, tough,, involved, intractable, stubborn, troublesome, tanglesome, perplexing, involuted xdfgregmat@ xdfgregmat2010 分歧 Difference---debate, divergence, controversy, dispute, disagreement 一致 Sameness—consensus, coherence, consistency, agreement 普遍的/急迫的/流行的 Popular---pervasive, prevalent, fashionable, rampant, pressing, urgent, burning, imperative 二. AW中会用到的逻辑词汇汇总先后逻辑: previously, anteriorly, originally, simultaneously, coinstantaneously, meanwhile, eventually, ultimately 因果逻辑: because of, due to, owing to, in respect that, in virtue of, in view of, an account of, resultingly, thereupon, whereupon, consequently, accordingly         Since, for, as 转折逻辑:  but yet, while, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, instead, notwithstanding, 递进逻辑: additionally, in addition, detailedly, in detail, minutely, specifically, to be specific 类比逻辑: similarly, approximately, analogically, likewise, by the same token, in like manner, in the similar mode 强调逻辑: absolutely, assuredly, authentically, definitely, demonstrably, determinately, undeniably, there is no denying the fact, undoubtedly, without reservations 三. 语法要求/句子表达多样性和丰富性要求 1 名词排列要求 N1. N2. N3….AND NN EG: A. B. C….AND XS (排列要有逻辑性, 即具体到抽象, 或者由小到大的顺序)   X…such Y, as A. B. C 例 Government---governments, either the federal one or the local ones----either the federal government or the local ones Artist---the ancient artists and contemporary ones 并列结构---either---or          Both…and          Not only…buit also          Instead of          Rather than          And Influence on the teenagers such as mental disorder, depression and suicidal tendency The conclusion/assertion in the argument above/made in the argument above/which the arguer made in the argument obviously sounds unwarranted/unconvincing/unpersuasive. The governments such as both the federal and local ones often offer their financial aid/funding to the art organs. The scientists who often grow prominent/eminent/distinguished/celebrated/well-noted because of their challenging their predecessors’ well-established ideas 2 形容词修饰要求 A1 and A2 + N ( 并列特色 ) A1 yet/but A2 + N ( 矛盾性/两面性特征) A1, A2 + N. + that … 例 Simple but elegant Effective and efficient Effective but not efficient Passionate and humourous Clearly Unfortunately 3 副词的修饰要求 AD1 AND AD2 (并列特色) AD1 YET/BUT AD2 (矛盾性/两面性特色) 例 gre0041@ password: gre0041126 4 并列动词的表达要求 V1, V2ING,…V3ING… 例 The governments, either the federal one or the local ones, offer some financial funding to the art market, spurring the sluggish market which later has been turned into an active one and increasing the salaries/compensation of those badly-off dramatists or the opera producers. Hardly managing the art market which has long been supported by the private donation, some drama managers or producers urge that the government funding to this market is really in need. 5 重复形容词表达特色 …is/are A…, SO A, THAT/AS TO … 例 6 重复名词表达特色 N, N THAT… 例 7 插入语例介词插入 in terms of…, as a whole, for example/instance, from my perspective, at my standpoint, in my judgment, by accident/chance, … 分词插入 narrowly/broadly defined as…, generally speaking, frankly-speaking… 副词插入 however, nevertheless, thus, hence, therefore, thereafter… 句子插入 I fear, I’m afraid, as I perceive, as I am convinced, as I can visualize Technology, broadly defined as the use of tools, has a long history. Deforestation of the Amazon, for instance, is of vital concern to all those who wish to continue breathing. The world, as a whole, ignores them. This, they may point to, is the real basis for their knowledge. Generally speaking, the Greek philosophers, epitomized in Aristotle, attempted to set down rules for human behavior founded on logic. 成为缩影   8 比较结构类 A. And; or---所有语法结构当中的成分概念都可以并列,并列的要求为形式一致. The government and the general public Some results from the academic research and in the real practice The government offers funding to the art market and sets up some reasonable art censorship system to supervise the development of the art world. The government offers funding the art market and the artists as well as the art producers strive to gain some individual financial support from the celebrities. B. Both…and…;----主语名词/介词状语/副词状语     Both the central governments and the local ones     Both artistic works and artistic development     Change both in a large scope and within a small universe     Change both largely and deeply either…or…;----比较型对象./名词/介词--- 选择型题目— either the preservation of the historic buildings or the development of modern construction is of more importance. neither...nor…; not only…but also…;---细节句表达---not only +句子1的倒装 but also + 句子2----句子2为句子1的强化或强调 To ensure a lasting development/growth of the art market, not only do the governments at different levels offer their funding to it but also some generous support from those celebrities in different circles is needed. To ensure a lasting development of the art market, not only is the generous support from those celebrities who are most concerned with art and the survival of artists needed but also the governments’ funding is strongly advocated. not…but…; rather than…; instead of…; I approve of preserving the historic buildings instead of developing the modern construction as…as…; more than…; more of …than…; less of …than…;      The government’s funding to the art, namely, the intervention with the artistic creation, is actually more of the reflection of the biased governments’ thoughts than that of the artists’ or the public themselves. As….as/so…as Few problems on the American scene cause so much concern and wide spread public interest as do the problems of youthful misbehavior and delinquency. Few issues/problems/matters evokes/stimulate/spur so much concern and wide spread public interest/argument/discussion as do/does the issue/problem/matter of governments’ role/function in the financial support to the artistic works. In fact, few factors, when consumers buy the real estate, will influence as much their concern and decision as do the specific location, the reasonable price and the inner layout and decoration instead of the outer landscaping of the houses. Few problems in the governments’ policy toward art cause so much concern and wide spread public interest as do the problems of governments’ over funding in artistic works. Few problems in the modern educational scheme cause as much concern and public interest as do the problems of the over generalization of job-oriented education. A young man’s first car is less of a means of transportation than a monument to his discovery of youthful freedom.\ The fact that not a single crime was reported is less of a strong piece of evidence of supporting the decreasing crime rate locally than the possibility that the local policemen did not record what was reported or that the victims did not report to the police because of some unknown factors. Yet, both possibilities reflect that not a single crime ever happened there. NO issue is more emotion-rousing than food, because no issue is as basic/rudimentary to individual and national survival as is food. More…than Perhaps no change has characterized/influenced/shaped/moudled/determined the past decade more dramatically/drastically/sharply than the explosion of new technologies of communication such as telephones and Internet. The newest technologies, we fear, are making us as flat as our screens, turning us into streams of bits of interchangeable data. We may know a lot of people, but we have few real friends. We have a lot of things to do, but no reason to do them. Governments’ funding in the art is not as beneficial as the artistic iin dependent management in finance or running.  9 倒装结构 NOT----Never      Hardly/barely/scarcely      Under no circumstances/By no means/In no ways/On no occasions Not only ----Not only + 句1(倒装) but also + 句2(陈述) Not only is the art market more prosperous but also the life of the artists will be greatly improved. Not only is the conclusion/assertion which the author draws unconvincing but also a series/myriad/train of evidence concerned is unpersuasive. Under no circumstances should the government offer the financial funding to the art. By no means should the historians be considered as the storytellers. Only+ 介词短语/分词短语/状语从句 Only when the government offers the financial funding to the art will the art market be more prosperous, the life of artists, especially those poor ones, be largely improved and the more creative or inspiring works be generated. So + adj. + is/are + subject + that + 陈述主谓  分词前置 Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the rapid development of technology which enables the delivery and availability of information with greater speed and to a great mass of recipients. Arguing against the author’s conclusion that…is my firmly-held viewpoint that… 形容词前置 Contrary to/different from/opposing to/coincidental with the idea that…is my viewpoint/argument/disagreement/agreement that my firmly-held viewpoint/my well-reasoned argument/my sheer disagreement 否定词前置 Never Rarely/hardly/scarcely…when… Under no circumstances… Rarely had a large variety of problems emerged when the newest technology came into being and were put into force. Only + 状语前置 Only when/only if… Only by the means… Only when the heavy and frequent exposure to television is restricted or regulated will/can/should the adolescents’ life, both bodily and spiritually, be guaranteed. Only by the means which I put forward in the previous parts can/will/should the argument be rendered reasonable and acceptable. Not only but also Not only may over-specialization be dangerous in terms of the truth, purity and cohesion of knowledge, but it can also serve to drown moral and universal issues. Not only does this make for narrowly-focused and generally poorly-educated individuals, but it s a sense of loss of community, often followed by a feeling of psychological displacement and personal dissatisfaction.    10 使用被动(量力而行)  The very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to you from the outside.   虚拟--- 1. It is highly imperative that sb/sth should do 2. It is highly appropriate that sb/sth should do 3. If sb/sth should do sth sb/sth…. 4. Should the government offer the financial funding to the art, what beneficial or noisome effects may come into being? 5. Should the historians be storytellers, can the history be called history?/what is the real understanding and definition of history? 6. 7. If sb/sth had done sth, sb/sth would have done 8. If sb/sth were to do sth, sb/sth would do sth 9.  11 使用复杂状</p>

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