高考英语不定式与ing区别复习题.doc

班次:__________ 姓名:____________

请先阅读讲义“不定式与 v-ing分词用法区别”

主语
表语
定语
宾语
宾补
状语
不定式
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
-ing
ü
ü
ü
ü
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ü
一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分，其区别如下：
1、主语
² 使用不定式：it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末）
It is hard to find a true friend.
It is impolite to talk with your mouth full.
² 使用-ing
(1) 在句首时
Shopping is her best way to relax herself.
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time.
(2) 前有所有格修饰时
Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day.
The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
（3）在以下固定句型中（虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing））
It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind.
It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.

2、表语
² My job is to teach you English.
=My job is teaching you English.
² The news is exciting/surprising/shocking……

3、定语
² 使用不定式：
（1）在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来（主动形式表被动意义）
We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do)
There is a long way to go. (there be… to do)
With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do)
（2）有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后
He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions.
² 使用-ing：
（1）表____________
a developing country the fast-growing economy a sleeping boy the rising sun
Do you know the person talking to the headteacher now?
= Do you know the person who are talking to the headteacher now?
（2）表_____________
Those wishing to join this club should sign here.
= Those who wish to join this club should sign here.
Everyone attending the meeting agreed to the plan.
= Everyone who attended the meeting agreed to the plan.
（3）表_____________
an interesting story exciting news puzzling lights confusing rules disappointing results
（4）表_____________
a swimming pool a walking stick a writing desk a smoking area a changing room

4、宾语
² 使用不定式：在某些动词后
He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day.
My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT.
He pretended to be asleep when I approached her.
后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
² 使用-ing
（1）在某些动词后
He is considering changing for a new job.
后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2）在介词后
She relaxes herself by shopping。
Look forward to seeing you again.
to 是介词的词组还有：
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
² 使用不定式和-ing意义不同
(1) forget doing(having done)________________ forget to do________________________
remember doing(having done)_______________ remember to do_____________________
regret doing(having done) __________________ regret to do______________________
(2) try doing _______________ try to do_______________
(3) mean doing______________ mean to do______________
(4) cant help doing______________ can’t help (to) do _____________
(5) stop doing_______________ stop to do_______________
(6）need doing_______________ need to do_______________

5、宾补：
不定式或-ing作宾补一般用在动词：
（1） 感官动词: find, see, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel后
（2） 使役动词 make, have, let, keep, leave后

宾补用（省to）不定式，-ing， 过去分词都可，但意义不同。
I saw him come in.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，动作全过程）
I saw him coming towards us.（说明的对象是宾语，表主动，进行）
He raised his voice to make himself heard ( by the students).（说明的对象是宾语，表被动）
Sorry to keep you waiting so long. （说明的对象是宾语，表主动和 “一直所处的状态”）
He hurried out of the washing room, leaving the water still running. （说明的对象是宾语，表主动和 “一直所处的的状态”）
People along the coast had all their houses ruined by the typhoon. （说明的对象是宾语，表被动）

6、状语
² 使用不定式常表目的。
He came here to attend an important meeting.
² 使用-ing可表时间、原因、结果、条件、伴随、补充说明等。
Turning around, he saw a car driving up.（表_________）
Not knowing his address, he had much difficulty finding his home. （表_________）
The fire lasted a month, leaving nothing valuable. （表_________）
Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. （表_________）
He lay on the bed, thinking what to do the next day. （表_________）
Yesterday John sent me a letter, telling me that he would come to see me the next month.
（表_________）
二、不定式与-ing的语态与时态

一般式

复杂形式
被动式
完成式
完成被动式
否定式
to do
主动/将来
to be done
被动/将来
to have done
主动/完成
to have been done
被动/完成
not to do，
not to be done
-ing
主动/进行/同时性
being done
被动/进行
having done
主动/完成
having been done
被动/完成
not doing，
not having done

n 以上各种形式的使用场合及区别
1. to be done / being done/doing 常作定语
to be done 与说明对象之间表被动和将来;
being done与说明对象之间表被动和进行；
doing与说明对象之间表主动和进行.

The students to be interviewed tomorrow are required to bring all the necessary papers.
= The students who ______ _ tomorrow are required to bring all the necessary papers.
The problem being discussed now is about “Economy or environment”.
= The problem which ________ ________ _________ now is about “Economy or environment”.
The old man sitting at the table wears a white shirt.
= The old man who ________　_________ __________ wears a white shirt.

2. to do/ to be done作状语时的区别：
to do 与说明对象之间表____________;
to be done 表_____________.
He hurried back home to tell his father he had won the first place.
He went there to be trained for a pilot.

3. to be doing/to do have done/to have been done 常作宾语
常用于以下句型：
sth/sb is said(reported/thought/believed/considered) to do…
sb/sth pretend (happen) to do…
sb/sth is likely to do…
to do 与说明对象之间表主动和将来;
to be doing说明对象之间表主动和进行；
to do have done说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前已发生;
to have been done说明对象之间表被动，在谓语动词之前已发生。

1) He is said to study abroad.
=It is said that he _________ __________abroad.
2) He is said to be studying abroad.
=It is said that he _________ ___________ abroad.
3) He is said to have studied abroad. （表主动，在谓语动词is said之前发生）
=It is said that he studied (has studied) abroad.
4) Liu Xiang was reported to have broken the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
（表主动，发生在谓语动词was reported之前）
=It was reported that Liu Xiang had broken the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
5) Loulan City is believed to have been covered by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.
（表被动，发生在谓语动词is believed之前）
=It is believed that Loulan city was covered by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500.

When I came in, he happened to go out.
When I came in, he happened to be having dinner.
When I came, he happened to have finished his homework.

4. having done/ having been done 常作状语
doing与说明对象之间表主动，与谓语动词同时发生；
having done说明对象之间表主动，在谓语动词之前发生；
having been done表说明对象之间被动，在谓语动词之前发生。

1) Turning around, he saw a car driving up.（表主动,与谓语动词saw同时发生）
= When he _________ around, he saw a car driving up.
2) Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（表主动，发生在谓语动词went之前）
=After he _________ __________ his homework, he went to bed.
3) Having been separated for millions of years, Australia has a lot of unique plants and animals that cannot be found in any other continent. （表被动，发生在谓语动词has之前）
= Because Australia _________　_________ ___________for millions of years, it has a lot of unique plants and animals that cannot be found in any other continent.

小试牛刀， 挑战高考！
第一组
1. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket the desert.
A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover
2. There is a great deal of evidence _______ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
3. Peter received a letter just now his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say
4. The government plans to bring in new laws _______ parents to take more responsibility for the
education of their children.
A. forced B. forcing C. to be forced D. having forced
5. With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal          B. dealt C. to deal       D. dealing
6. Hanks was the first biologist ________ one plant to another, making plant species richer.
A. to transplant B. transplanted C. transplanting D. transplant
7. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.
A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding
8. Henry can’t attend the party at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing tomorrow’s presentation.
A．hold B．to hold C．to be held D．being held
9. Don’t sit there nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing
10. Many ran to the crowd what was happening there.
A. saw B. to see C. to seeing D. see
11. When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there for a space flight.
A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
12. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle .
A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
13. ________ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president would attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
第二组
1. ______ the project in time, the workers were working day and night.
A. Completing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete
2. —Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes. But it， I had to read the entire book.
A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding
3. ___ their hats into the air， the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown
4. __ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the
car.
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
5. around the Water Cube， we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
6. __that he was in great danger， Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Realizing not
7. The secretary worked late onto night, ________ a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
8. My cousin came to see me from the country， me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought
9. Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year， a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
10. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
11. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A．moved B．moving C．to move D．being moved
第三组
1. —There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.
—My goodness! I can’t imagine that old.
A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been
2. Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
3. I can’t stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talking while she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
4. After he became conscious，he remembered and on the head with a rod.
A. to attack; hit B. to be attacked; to be hit C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
5. —Jack, seeing the wonderful diamond necklaces on display, I can’t help ________one．
—Really? But I’m sorry I can’t help _________ one for you because I know little about it.
A. buying; choosing B. to buy; to choose C. buying; to choose D. to buy; choosing
6. There is nothing more I can try you to stay，so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
7. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
A. living B. to live C. to be living D. having lived
8. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion
A. to have B. having C. have D. had
9. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang，who was reported the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. to break
10. Loulan City is believed by many people _________ by sandstorms between AD 200 and AD 500.
A. to be covered B. to have been covered C. to cover D. having been covered
11．When the telephone rang, I happened _________ in the kitchen, but when I came over to get it, it rang off.
A. to be cooking B. to have cooked C. to cook D. having cooked
12. --Why did you go back to the shop?
--I left my friend ________ there.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
13. When I came in, I found Lucy _________ by the window_________ to music.
A. sitting; listening B. sit; listen C. sitting; listen D. sit; listening
14. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
15. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless every day.
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water

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