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,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,TEM-4 Writing,第1页,a),作文,要求依据所给题目和列出写作提要或图表、数字统计表等,(,也附有写作提要,),写一篇,200,词短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条,理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。,作文类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为,35,分钟。,b),便条,要求依据提醒写大约,50,60,词便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为,10,分钟。,第2页,作文评分标准,满分,15,，分项能够打,0.5,分。,1.,思想与表示,2.,语言利用能力,3.,写作规范,第3页,1.,思想与表示（,Ideas and Arguments,）：,满分为,7,分，其中,1-2,分较差，,3,分普通，,4-5,分良好，,6-7,分优异。,思想内容：（,idea&content,）,内容切题,内容充实,观点明确,论据支持观点,有独到看法,表示效果（,effectiveness,）,表示清楚,有说服力,篇章组织（,Rhetorical Organization,）,每段有主题句,句间衔接自然,段间过渡自然,第一部分明确提出观点,最终一部分自然得出结论,段落排列合理,第4页,2.,语言利用能力,(Language Use),满分,6,分，其中,1-2,分为较差，,3,分普通，,4-5,分良好，,6,分为优异。,准确性,(correctness),语法正确,句子结构正确,固定搭配正确,用词准确,丰富性,(richness),词汇丰富,句子形式多样,得体性,(appropriateness),语气恰当,语言地道,流利度,(fluency),完成要求词数,(,超出,200,过多扣,1,分。完成要求内容，字数少于,170,字扣,1,分。未完成任务不但扣字数分，也要从内容上扣分,),第5页,3.,写作规范,(Mechanics),满分,2,分，其中,0.5,分为较差，,1,分为普通，,1.5,为良好，,2,分优异。,单词拼写正确,标点符号正确,大小写正确,书写美观,卷面整齐,第6页,TEM,一,4,作文体裁以议论文为主，由四个部分组成：,标题,(title),，,介绍,(introduction),，,主体,(body),结尾,(conclusion),第7页,普通来说，,TEM-4,命题作文模式是“三段式”作文，即,introduction,（提出观点）,-body,（展开叙述）,-conclusion,（总结结论）。,第8页,第9页,(,一,),介绍,(introduction),其中第一句作用是用来说明整段文章总义和介绍文章主题，之后一至两句则是用来表示考生个人意见,(,论点,),，最终一句通惯用来率领进入主体部分。,文章好开头会引人如胜，激发阅卷老师阅读兴趣。普通说来，这一段落不宜太长，要写得简明扼要，主要能够采取以下三种方法：引使用方法、现象法和对立法。,第10页,(,二,),主体,(body),主体部分段首通常有一个主题句,(topic sentence),，用来表示该段中心思想。下面是几个惯用主题句句型：,1,It is believed that has the following advantages,2,is important in several ways,3,I side with this view for two reasons,4,benefits us in many ways,接下来文章应包含二到三个关键点，用以支持主题句。考生能够经过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步叙述各个关键点。阅卷老师在看文章时可能会经过一些关键性“标签”来判定你文章是否结构严谨，条理清楚，所以要在每一个关键点前加入表示次序词汇，如：,第11页,(,二,),主体,(body),1,）,firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally,2,）,in the first place,in the second place,in the third place,lastly,3,）,to begin with,then,furthermore,finally,4,）,to start with,next,in addition,finally,5,）,first and foremost,besides,last but not least,6,）,most important of all,moreover,finally,7,）,on one hand,on the other hand,8,）,for one thing,for another thing,第12页,(,三,),结尾,(conclusion),结尾部分开始通常会用一个尤其结论句式，如：,in general,，,to sum up,，,to conclude,，,all in all,等等。,在,200,词文章中，这一部分不宜篇幅过长，最好用一两句话来总结全文，使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点，不然不要在这段内提出任何新看法，但假如题目要求话，考生也能够在结论上提出对应提议、推荐、介绍和处理方法。,第13页,一些问题,1,、审题不清楚；,2,、结构不完整，比如，开头缺乏铺垫，结尾缺乏总结段；,3,、百分比失调，最常见是，第一段不够概括，篇幅过长；第二段过于简略；第三段继续阐述一些观点，或者开始新话题；,4,、主题句没有对段落进行明确、适当限定，结果段落内容不能紧紧围绕主题；,5,、第一段没有明确提出中心思想，赞成什么、反对什么，或对某个问题有什么看法，造成观点不鲜明，中心思想不突出。,第14页,5,种题型及模式框架,自由发挥型,立场选择型,给定明确观点型,问题处理型,比较对比型,第15页,自由发挥型,先提出一个话题，然后提供一些流行观点，要求考生经过给,定材料做出自己分析，提出自己论点，然后进行阐述和,论证。这种题目对论点不做限制，作者能够自由发挥，只要能,证实自己，围绕话题即可。,请看历年相关考题：,：My Idea of a University Art Festival(针对学生会举行大学艺术节组织活动和内容提出自己想法和提议),1993年：My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the Future(我对自己未来当一名老师想法),1992年：My View on Reading Extensively（就泛读发表自己意见）,第16页,My View on Reading Extensively,Reading is important for us.For English majors,extensive reading is a very important way to improve their English.Actually,we get most of our knowledge from extensive reading.,Obviously,we can benefit a lot from reading widely.,So,it is advisable to develop a habit of reading extensively.,第17页,Extensive reading benefits us in many ways.,First,by reading extensively,we can get knowledge about various areas such as culture,education,history,science and literature.,For example,newspapers and magazines can keep us informed of current events.So it is easy for us to know what is going on in the world today.,Secondly,extensive reading helps us improve our reading comprehension effectively.,The more we read,the better we understand,and the faster our reading speed will be.,What is more,extensive reading is the best way to enlarge our vocabulary.,Due to frequent contact with unfamiliar words,we find it easy to guess the meaning of them even without referring to the dictionary.We can often find context clues for new words.By and by,we can learn a lot of useful words.,Besides,it will widen our outlook on life.,第18页,这是一篇自由发挥阐述命题式作文，不限定论点。要求作者就泛读发表自己看法。作者能够依据给定话题，提出论点，然后再展开叙述。,范文从自己作为一个英语专业学生角度，提出泛读对我们很主要，它能给我们带来一些好处。,文章提出了四点支持观点理由，即小分论点。首先，提出泛读能够帮助我们获取知识，作者用例证进行解释；其次，提升阅读能力；第三，泛读能够扩大词汇量；最终，泛读能够帮助我们开阔视野。,结尾明了，重申论点，并提议养成阅读好习惯。,第19页,Introduction,1.-(,引出话题,)is very important in our life.In my opinion,-(,提出论点,).,第20页,第21页,第22页,TEM-4 Practice,My View on Cheating in Exams,第23页,专四一模,3,月,22,日,下星期二晚上,6,点,专四二模,4,月,9,日,早晨,9,点半,二模作为基英、写作和听力期中考试成绩,带好鞋套,学生座位看教室门口张贴表,第24页,like or dislike,cancel or reserve,How to improve?,CCTV Spring Festival Gala,第25页,like,custom/habit/tradition,large audience,visual/cultural feast,interesting programs,bring happiness,show our traditional culture to the rest of the world,patriotism,overseas Chinese can feel at home,第26页,dislike,lack of creativity and freshness,boring/not attractive,cost a lot of money and time waste,planted advertisement/commercialized,广告植入,lip-synch,假唱,第27页,The Spring Festival Gala on CCTV has long been a tradition for Chinese people to celebrate the New Year.It was very popular at the beginning,but now,some people suggest that it should be cancelled because many programs are outdated and boring.,In my opinion,the Gala should continue to be held every year.,Firstly,it still has a large audience who prefer to spend their new year,s eve watching it.It has become a custom for them.,Secondly,as it is broadcast throughout the world,it can be a good chance to show our traditional culture to the rest of the world.,Thirdly,it is an important program for Chinese people living in other nations.By watching the program,they can feel at home.,In a word,the Spring Festival Gala is quite meaningful.It shouldn,t be stopped,but be held on year by year.,第28页,It has been a hot topic for a long time,whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not.,Many people advocate that CCTV Spring Festival Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival,for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by the TV program.In addition,many performances are very impressive,and some can even positively affect our life value.,However,every coin has two sides,.Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled.,One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively.Whats more,a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.,As to me,my favor goes to the former opinion,because,spring CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment.But it is really essential to improve the quality of the programs.And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future.,第29页,People throughout our country pay much attention to the CCTV Spring Festival Gala annually.Then does the CCTV Spring Festival Gala really benefit our Chinese culture?Different people have different opinions on it.Personally,I think it is a good way to spread Chinese culture,.,第30页,Firstly,by watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala,we can learn a lot about our traditional culture,which has played an important role in shaping peoples characters,.Secondly,since more and more foreigners are learning Chinese,the gala offers a good platform to them to know more about China.So,unquestionably,the gala is a good way to make Chinese culture known.,Whats more,after enjoying the Gala,we find that many programs are a perfect combination of the essence of the traditional culture and the latest modern technology,which greatly presents the unique Chinese culture.,In addition,the gala keeps us informed of sth that we dont know,in which case we may be warned to attach much importance to it incase it dies out.,第31页,In conclusion,with more and more people stimulated by the gala to learn more about Chinese culture,the CCTV Spring Festival Gala will surely,promote the spread of Chinese culture.,第32页,5,种题型及模式框架,自由发挥型,立场选择型,给定明确观点型,问题处理型,比较对比型,第33页,立场选择型,这类题目可称为“,For-Against,”，在提出话题后，通常从相正确角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作为自己立场，即二选一，然后论证其正确性。请看历年相关考题：,Will Phones Kill Letter Writing,让考生对电话,是否完全取代书信来往发表看法,1999 A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television,要求考生在电视广告好处和坏处中选择一者，把问题说明,1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does(or Does no)Good to Us,要求考生就过多学业压力是否对我们有利发表意见,1994 TV,：,a Good Thing or a Bad Thing,电视是有利还是有害？对此发表自己观点和立场,第34页,第35页,第36页,第37页,Sample,Nowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other.So,some say that phones will kill letter writing.What is your opinion?,Will Phones Kill Letter Writing,第38页,Letter Writing Will Not Be Killed,Nowadays,we have stepped into the Information Age.Young people choose to phone each other instead of writing letters.,But even if so,I still maintain that phones will never kill letter writing.,First,letters can express your subtle feelings.,With the increase of the living pace of modern society,we find that there is a lack of communication now.Sometimes when you are speaking to someone that you care and love on the phone,you are so shy that its too hard to express any of your feelings towards him or her.Your throat seems to be blocked!At this time,letters will help.Without any embarrassment,you can just write down your deep concern and love on a piece of paper.When you drop the letter into the pillar-box,you will feel what he or she will receive is not only a letter,but also your deepest love.,Secondly,letters can be kept as a record of memory,while phones cannot.,Just imagine,when you open an old box of letters and read them years latter,a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to you.What an irreplaceable feeling it is!And I believe,this feeling is something that you can definitely never experience through several phone calls.,All in all,letter writing will absolutely survive and even thrive in the Information Age.Phones can never kill it,neither will anything.,第39页,Nowadays,we have stepped into the Information Age.Young people choose to phone each other instead of writing letters.,But even if so,I still maintain that phones will never kill letter writing.,All in all,letter writing will absolutely survive and even thrive in the Information Age.,Phones can never kill it,neither will anything.,Letter Writing Will Not Be Killed,第40页,First,letters can express your subtle feelings.,With the increase of the living pace of modern society,we find that there is a lack of communication now.Sometimes when you are speaking to someone that you care and love on the phone,you are so shy that its too hard to express any of your feelings towards him or her.Your throat seems to be blocked!At this time,letters will help.Without any embarrassment,you can just write down your deep concern and love on a piece of paper.When you drop the letter into the pillar-box,you will feel what he or she will receive is not only a letter,but also your deepest love.,Secondly,letters can be kept as a record of memory,while phones cannot.,Just imagine,when you open an old box of letters and read them years latter,a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to you.What an irreplaceable feeling it is!And I believe,this feeling is something that you can definitely never experience through several phone calls.,第41页,这是一篇立场选择型命题式作文，要求考生从二者中选出一个作为作文论点，论证其正确性。,作者依据给定话题，,先引出话题,-,现在越来越多人愿意经过电话进行交流。并,指出正反两方面立场,-,有些人说电话将取代书信，有些人说不会。作者清楚地,说明自己立场,-,书信是不会被电话所取代，然后,经过两个分论点来证实,：一是书信能够表示出细微情感，二是信件能够统计人记忆，而电话则不能。,第42页,考试中常见错误是忽略了这类题目标要求和写法，这类题目要求二选一，,着重叙述一方也就是作者自己选定立场论点,，,不需要面面俱到,地叙述正反两方面立场。,第43页,英语写作中经典病句实例,1,disagreements,不一致,所谓不一致不但指主谓不一致，还包含数不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等。比如：,When one have money,he can do what he want to.,剖析：,one,是单数第三人称，因而本句,have,应改为,has;want,应改为,wants.,改为：,Once one has money,he can do what he wants(to do).,第44页,英语写作中经典病句实例,2,Sentence Fragments,句子不完整,There are many ways to know the society.For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.,剖析：本句后半部分“,For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.,”不是一个完整句子，仅为一些不连贯词语，不能独立成句。,改为：,There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and newspaper.,There are many interesting performances in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.For example,cross talk,short sketch,Peking Opera and so on.,改为：,There are many interesting performances in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala,，,for example,cross talk,第45页,英语写作中经典病句实例,3,Dangling Modifiers,悬垂修饰语,所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首短语与后面句子逻辑关系混乱不清。比如：,At the age of ten,my grandfather died.,剖析：句子中“,at the age of ten,”只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时。,改为：,When I was ten,my grandfather died.,To do well in college,good grades are essential.,剖析：句子中不定式短语“,to do well in college”,逻辑主语不清楚。,改为：,To do well in college,a student needs good grades.,第46页,3,Dangling Modifiers,悬垂修饰语,As the most important festival,people always have a lot of ways to celebrate the Spring Festival.,改为：,As the most important festival,the Spring Festival can be celebrated in a lot of ways.,第47页,英语写作中经典病句实例,4,Run-on Sentences,不间断句子,There are many ways we get to know the outside world.,剖析：这个句子包含两层完整意思：“,There are many ways.”,以及“,We get to know the outside world.”,。简单地把它们连在一起很不妥当。,改为：,There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world./There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.,There are many people show no interest in the Gala.,改为：,There are many people that show no interest in the Gala.,第48页,英语写作中经典病句实例,5,Redundancy,累赘,写作时防止多出词和无须要句子。比如：,For the people who are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.,剖析：整个句子能够大大简化。,改为：,Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.,It has been over a month since the Spring Festival ended.,第49页,英语写作中经典病句实例,6,Incoherence,不连贯,句子序言不搭后语，或是结构上不通畅。比如：,The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.,剖析：,The fresh water,与逗号后,it,不连贯。,It,与,things,在数方面不一致。,改为：,Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.,The short sketch performed by Zhao Benshan,it is always I expect most.,改为：,The short sketch performed by Zhao Benshan is always what I expect most.,第50页,英语写作中经典病句实例,7,Trouble in Diction,措词毛病,Diction,是指在特定句子中怎样适当地选取词语问题。学生应养成良好推敲斟酌习惯，防止随心所欲，拿来就用。,8,Misuse of Parts of Speech,词性误用,第51页,TEM-4 Practice,Some people prefer activities that mainly involve working with people.Others choose activities that mainly deal with objects or machines.Compare these types of activities.Which of them do you prefer?Write a composition of 200 words on this topic.,Work With People or With Machines?,第52页,
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